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108-514: Kahului Airport ( IATA : OGG , ICAO : PHOG , FAA LID : OGG ) is the main airport of Maui in the state of Hawaii , United States, located east of Kahului . It has offered full airport operations since 1952. Most flights into Kahului Airport originate from Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu ; the Honolulu–Kahului corridor is one of the heaviest-trafficked air routes in

216-486: A BMW dealership about a mile from the airport. A pilot and two paramedics were killed in the accident. On April 20, 2014, a 15-year-old stowed away in a landing gear well of a Hawaiian Airlines jet flying from San Jose International Airport to Kahului Airport. Upon his arrival, he was spotted by authorities, who questioned him about the incident. The teen claimed that he was trying to get to Ethiopia to see his mother. On January 29, 2024, American Airlines Flight 271 made

324-491: A Boeing 737-200 inter-island flight from Hilo Airport to Honolulu International Airport carrying 89 passengers and six crew members, experienced explosive decompression when an 18-foot section of the fuselage roof and sides were torn from the aircraft. A flight attendant was sucked out of the aircraft and died. Several passengers sustained life-threatening injuries including massive head wounds. The aircraft declared an emergency and landed at Kahului Airport. Noise created by

432-632: A de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft, collided with mountainous terrain near Halawa Valley, Molokai , while en route on a scheduled passenger flight from Kahului Airport to Molokai Airport in Hoolehua. All 20 aboard the aircraft died. Thirteen of the victims were from Molokai, including eight members of the Molokai High School boys' and girls' volleyball teams and two faculty members. The girls' team had just qualified on Maui for

540-935: A hard landing at the Kahului Airport. 6 people were injured. [REDACTED] Media related to Kahului Airport at Wikimedia Commons IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

648-477: A CBP officer has any security but non-immigration/customs-related concerns about a traveler, the attending CBP officer may need to refer the matter to local officials. Passengers can choose to abandon their flight and refuse search, and unlike in the United States, officers cannot search them without permission absent an immediate threat. Most preclearance facilities have a sign explaining so. CBP Officers in

756-619: A U.S. border preclearance facility. Several U.S. lawmakers opposed the Abu Dhabi preclearance facility because only state-owned Etihad Airways flies from Abu Dhabi to U.S. destinations. On June 6, 2013, the U.S. House passed an amendment offered by Representatives Pat Meehan (R-PA), Candice Miller (R-MI) and Peter DeFazio (D-OR), which prohibits the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from using any taxpayer dollars to conduct Customs and Border Protection (CBP) preclearance operations at Abu Dhabi International Airport. The amendment

864-573: A U.S. port of entry. Once admitted, they would be given documentation to physically cross the land border by train within 30 days without additional inspection. In 1903, the arrangement, now formally named "pre-inspection" by the U.S. Bureau of Immigration, was extended to Victoria, British Columbia for U.S.-bound travelers before boarding their ship to destinations in Washington state . "Pre-inspection" posts in Eastern Canada lasted until

972-531: A ban on passport-holders of seven countries, preventing traveling to the United States. In response, the Irish government announced that there would be a "complete review" of preclearance arrangements. In line with Irish law, USCBP officers in Ireland are not permitted to carry weapons. In December 2011, the government of Abu Dhabi signed a letter of intent to construct a terminal that, when opened, would house

1080-645: A border stop for Amtrak 's Adirondack service and would support a future extension of the Vermonter to Montreal. In May 2015, the United States Department of Homeland Security announced that the following airports will be considered for the expansion of the border preclearance scheme: On November 4, 2016, Sweden and the United States signed an agreement that would make Sweden the second European country, after Ireland, to offer preclearance, although no announcement has been made as to when

1188-635: A centerline separation of 2,500 feet (760 m). The parallel runway would enable simultaneous operations and would serve as a backup to Runway 2. Runway 2 has been experiencing pavement distress since 2008, and reconstruction to a concrete surface (from the present grooved asphalt) is recommended. As a result of the passage of Hawaii State Legislature bills in 1998 and 2001, Kahului is planned to undergo expansion for new, larger facilities, lengthening of runways, increasing of fuel storage capacities, and construction of new access roads. The controversial project has met opposition from residents who do not agree with

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1296-560: A connecting flight) upon arrival in the United States, as there is no risk of border delays causing them to miss such a connection. The corresponding drawbacks, however, are that passengers unfamiliar with preclearance may not arrive early enough at the foreign airport, or may become stuck in long lines and delays in the CBP preclearance facility, and then might miss their outbound flights to the United States (as well as any connecting flights). Precleared air travelers with further connections enjoy

1404-399: A desire to prevent the arrival of asylum seekers , who are otherwise protected under the 1951 Refugee Convention 's provisions on non-refoulement once they arrive at their destination. After the requisite legal agreements have been executed, a foreign airport implementing preclearance for the first time must undergo significant remodeling or must build an entirely new facility to support

1512-750: A few years later and re-opened in 2013). NAS Bermuda was transferred to the Transport Ministry of the Government of Bermuda as Bermuda International Airport (subsequently politically re-named L.F. Wade International Airport ). In January 1974, the facility became formalized with the conclusion of the preclearance treaty. In April of that year, the U.S. signed a similar treaty with the Bahamas , which allows for preclearance facilities to be opened at Lynden Pindling International Airport in Nassau

1620-602: A first stop at U.S. cities situated along the west coast of North America. Similar to the operations for trains, all "pre-inspected" passengers are subject to customs inspections at U.S. ports. In 1999, U.S. Customs agents at the Port Angeles, Washington checkpoint successfully intercepted Algerian terrorist Ahmed Ressam and foiled his plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport after Ressam has passed immigration inspection in Victoria, British Columbia. In 1970,

1728-425: A flight, train journey, or voyage commences. This saves CBP the difficulty of dealing with them on U.S. soil and helps to minimize the risk of untoward incidents happening there. An alien who is denied entry into the United States at a preclearance facility may not board the U.S.-bound flight, so CBP does not need to deal with making deportation arrangements. The passenger may exit the airport and return home (unless

1836-425: A later flight had to pass through CBP preclearance again. The precursor of U.S. preclearance operation began in 1894, when the U.S. government entered into agreements with Canadian steamship and railroad operators to place U.S. immigration inspectors at four largest Canadian seaports of Montreal , Quebec City , Halifax, Nova Scotia and Saint John, New Brunswick , to inspect prospective immigrants seeking to enter

1944-461: A letter to President Barack Obama urging him to fast track the approval of a preclearance facility at Montreal Central Station , which would allow U.S.-bound travelers on Amtrak's Adirondack to bypass an existing immigration stop at Rouses Point , New York for entering the United States. This has become possible after the signing of the LRMA in 2019. Nevertheless, there remains no timeline for

2052-428: A new Alien Species building, a new cargo building, construction of a new apron, construction of an additional 10 jetways to replace the current jetways, and a new six-lane airport access road that would run from the airport, intersecting Haleakala Highway and Hana Highway , and run parallel to Dairy Road where it would merge with Puunene Avenue (highway 350), Dairy Road, and Kuihelani Highway (highway 380). Construction on

2160-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

2268-839: A program is available. For example, major U.S. airlines and their subsidiaries routinely operate many daily flights from locations like Toronto or Nassau to New York City . The presence of preclearance facilities in Toronto and Nassau enables airlines to conveniently direct their flights from those airports to land at LaGuardia Airport (which has no border protection facilities) instead of John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) or Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), thereby allowing them to save valuable landing slots at JFK and EWR for other international arrivals from overseas airports which lack CBP preclearance facilities. Preclearance exists at most major Canadian airports, theoretically enabling more convenient travel from those cities to

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2376-683: Is categorized as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility. Construction started on Naval Air Station Kahului in 1942. After the war, extensive negotiations between the Territory of Hawaii and the Navy resulted in the airbase being turned over to the Hawaii Aeronautics Commission. The Kahului Airport began commercial airline operations in June 1952. Kahului Airport is part of a centralized state structure governing all of

2484-559: Is 6,998 ft × 150 ft (2,133 m × 46 m) and 5/23 is 4,980 ft × 150 ft (1,518 m × 46 m). It also has an asphalt helipad designated H1 measuring 125 ft × 125 ft (38 m × 38 m). Helicopters operate from the area directly east of the approach end of Runway 2. No fixed-wing aircraft are permitted in this area between sunrise and sunset, and fixed-wing operations in this area from sunset to sunrise require prior authorization. Most commercial flights use Runway 2, which

2592-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

2700-554: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

2808-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

2916-438: Is equipped with a Category I Instrument Landing System . Runway 5 is primarily used for lighter commuter aircraft and general aviation. For noise abatement, flights taking off from Runway 2 are directed to climb straight ahead after takeoff until clear of the shoreline by 1 mile (1.6 km) before making any turns. Flights taking off from Runway 5 for destinations east or west are directed to turn left as soon as possible to clear

3024-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

3132-610: Is limited; for example, in Ireland, a preclearance officer may detain a person whom they reasonably suspect to be carrying a weapon and search the person, or may detain someone whom they reasonably suspect to have committed an indictable offence under Irish law or have obstructed the preclearance officer in the performance of their duties. Anyone so detained must be delivered forthwith to the Garda Síochána to be dealt with in accordance with Irish law. Some countries have laws in place that specifically cover preclearance issues. If

3240-455: Is maintained by CBP and may be different from the IATA and ICAO airport codes of each airport, provided here from the respective Misplaced Pages article. These CBP codes can be commonly found on passport entry stamps or parole stamps . On March 16, 2015, the United States and Canada signed an agreement to construct a preclearance facility at Montreal Central Station . The facility would eliminate

3348-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

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3456-462: Is responsible for providing all of this, meaning that the airport must already have significant U.S. air traffic to justify the expense (or anticipates development of such traffic in the near future). The only cost that is typically shared between CBP and the host airport is the cost of CBP personnel who are deployed abroad to staff preclearance facilities. Preclearance is particularly beneficial to those passengers who have an onward connection (such as

3564-432: Is the United States Department of Homeland Security 's (DHS) practice of operating prescreening border control facilities at airports and other ports of departure located outside of the United States pursuant to agreements between the United States and host countries. Travelers are subject to immigration and customs inspections by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers before boarding their transportation onward to

3672-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

3780-607: The Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry to Seattle; and the same program operates at the terminal in Sidney, British Columbia for Washington State Ferries ' Anacortes–San Juan Islands ferry service to Anacortes, Washington . Another U.S. "pre-inspection" post is also located at the Port of Vancouver . This post is particularly valuable to travelers on cruise liners that visit Alaska or that depart from Vancouver and have

3888-623: The Amtrak Cascades trains to Seattle and Portland, Oregon since 1995. The "pre-inspection" procedures were enacted prior to the implementation of modern preclearance legislations, therefore only deal with immigration admissibility to the U.S., and the trains are still re-inspected by CBP for customs purposes at the border line in Blaine, Washington despite not making any further stops within Canada. In October 2019, Amtrak has requested

3996-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

4104-708: The government of Canada and are now available at eight major Canadian airports and one seaport, while several other seaports and one rail station in British Columbia have "pre-inspection" facilities for screening immigration admissibility only. Preclearance facilities also exist in airports in Aruba , the Bahamas , Bermuda , Ireland , and the United Arab Emirates . The preclearance program aims to streamline border procedures for flights entering

4212-419: The landside of the airport, recheck their baggage for connecting flights, pass through security screening to reenter the sterile area of the airport (because certain items allowed in checked baggage cannot be brought into the sterile area), and then proceed to their gates for their connecting flights. Another advantage is that CBP officers are able to exclude inadmissible passengers and prohibited goods before

4320-525: The Bahamian government. The preclearance facility was formally closed on October 11, 2022. Plans were underway for a preclearance facility to be opened at Punta Cana International Airport , located in the popular tourist destination of Punta Cana , Dominican Republic , to be operating by the end of summer 2009. Further plans were made in April 2016 to open a facility the next year; but as of March 2018,

4428-621: The December 2016 Kahului Airport Master Plan Update , two more aircraft parking positions would be added to the thirteen existing for the main passenger terminal. The current thirteen positions are sized for three inter-island and ten overseas aircraft. There is one lounge operated by Hawaiian Airlines, the Premier Club, located across from Gate 17. Kahului Airport covers 1,391 acres (563  ha ) at an elevation of 54 feet (16 m) above mean sea level . It has two asphalt runways: 2/20

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4536-503: The LRMA is not a treaty and was not presented to or ratified by the US Senate. The preclearance agreement is fully reciprocal, meaning Canada is allowed to operate preclearance facilities in the United States on the same basis as U.S. facilities in Canada, including CBSA agents’ expanded powers under the LRMA. On average, however, U.S. airports offer far fewer daily flights to Canada (as a proportion of their total air traffic) compared to

4644-565: The Preclearance Division are not armed on foreign soil. However, since the Parliament of Canada approved Bill C-23, CBP officers would be allowed to carry sidearms on duty in Canada if they are working in an environment in which Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officers are normally armed. As sociologist David Scott FitzGerald has pointed out, the sheer "absurdity of the legal fiction that passengers have entered

4752-484: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . United States border preclearance United States border preclearance

4860-637: The U.S. government opened its first preclearance location outside Canada at the Civil Air Terminal on the United States Air Force's Kindley Air Force Base in the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda (the terminal had been placed there in 1948 when the previous international airport on Darrell's Island , which had served flying boats, was closed and airlines were permitted to operate landplanes to what

4968-459: The U.S. via the northern land border . Prior to this arrangement, immigrants entering via the northern border were usually uninspected and their arrivals were not recorded, as the United States did not have immigration inspection stations on its northern border at the time. After the arrangement came into force, prospective immigrants would first pass Canadian quarantine and then be inspected by U.S. immigration inspectors as if they were entering via

5076-604: The US, ranking 13th in 2004 with 1,632,000 passengers. The FAA/IATA airport code OGG pays homage to aviation pioneer Bertram J. "Jimmy" Hogg, a Kauai native who worked for what is now Hawaiian Airlines , flying aircraft ranging from eight-passenger Sikorsky S-38 amphibians to Douglas DC-3s and DC-9s into the late 1960s. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it

5184-568: The United States" is most evident when a departing airplane full of already-precleared passengers cannot obtain takeoff clearance due to worsening weather conditions and is forced to return to the gate at the foreign airport. This actually happened in 2013 with a Toronto-to-New York flight, and after the Americans and Canadians argued over what to do, the final compromise was that anyone who wished to stay in Toronto had to pass through Canadian customs and anyone who wished to continue to New York on

5292-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

5400-513: The United States, reduce congestion at ports of entry, and to facilitate travel into U.S. airports that may not be equipped to otherwise handle international travelers. Although more U.S. airports have expanded or introduced customs facilities since the preclearance program began, LaGuardia Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport remain the two largest U.S. airports without customs facilities for processing commercial flights. Preclearance programs have been accused of being motivated by

5508-485: The United States, which required passengers to go through international arrival areas after landing. In August 2009, Shannon opened an addition to its "pre-inspection" facility to allow full preclearance inspections. In January 2011, a section of the then-recently opened Terminal 2 of Dublin Airport was opened with dedicated preclearance with full CBP facilities. Both airports now allow U.S.-bound commercial flights that use

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5616-912: The United States. Preclearance applies to all passengers regardless of their nationality or purpose of travel. Upon arrival, precleared passengers arrive in the United States as domestic travelers, but may still be subject to re-inspection at the discretion of CBP. This process is intended to streamline border procedures, reduce congestion at American ports of entry, and facilitate travel into airports that otherwise lack immigration and customs processing facilities for commercial flights . The history of inspecting U.S.-bound passengers in foreign countries began in 1894, when American immigration inspectors were deployed to sea ports in Canada . Modern preclearance facilities were first introduced in 1952 at Malton Airport (now Toronto Pearson International Airport ) and Calgary International Airport under an informal arrangement with

5724-477: The United States. However, the waits at some busy preclearance facilities, notably Toronto Pearson (the busiest U.S. preclearance facility) , can often exceed the waiting times for processing passengers from non-precleared flights at destination airports and cause significant delays to departure schedules. With the notable exceptions of LaGuardia Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport , many U.S. airports now have more customs facilities compared to when

5832-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

5940-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

6048-774: The airports and seaports of Hawaii. The official authority of Kahului Airport is the Governor of Hawaii . The governor appoints the Director of the Hawaii State Department of Transportation, who has jurisdiction over the Hawaii Airports Administrator. The Hawaii Airports Administrator oversees six governing bodies: Airports Operations Office, Airports Planning Office, Engineering Branch, Information Technology Office, Staff Services Office, and Visitor Information Program Office. Collectively,

6156-459: The bill wished to avoid giving Etihad an unfair competitive advantage created by the fact that travelers flying through Abu Dhabi (on Etihad) would be able to use preclearance, while passengers on other airlines would not. This bill did not become law. The preclearance facility at Abu Dhabi International Airport was officially opened on January 26, 2014. Each preclearance port has a distinct, three-letter port of entry code. The list of codes

6264-552: The bipartisan Promoting Travel, Commerce and National Security Act of 2016 (H.R. 6431) into law, completing the U.S. legislative prerequisites for the signing of executive agreements such as the LRMA. On December 12, 2017, Canadian Governor General Julie Payette gave royal assent to the Canadian Preclearance Act . The LRMA was signed by representatives of both countries on August 15, 2019 and replaced previous Canadian legislation. As an executive agreement,

6372-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

6480-724: The convenience of having their baggage checked through to their next destination. Like connecting domestic passengers, they disembark into the sterile area or airside of the airport and may walk directly to their next gate . Behind the scenes, the Transportation Security Administration rescreens precleared checked baggage at its first airport in the United States before allowing its transfer to connecting flights. Connecting international passengers who have not been precleared must first undergo immigration inspection, then collect their checked baggage, walk their baggage through customs inspection, exit to

6588-403: The elevation of Kahului Airport to a permanent international airport. Project opponents cite concerns about increased introduction of invasive species and other issues, as evidenced by the common Maui bumper sticker "Big city airport, big city problems." In early 2005, Governor Linda Lingle released $ 365 million for construction of an extended ticketing lobby, new baggage claim carousels,

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6696-886: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

6804-539: The establishment of such a facility, as train services only resumed in April 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In addition to passenger pre-inspection, the LRMA allows for U.S.-bound cargo to be precleared in Canada and vice versa. While there are no CBP cargo preclearance posts that operate in Canada as of 2020 , CBSA has been running a joint inspection project with CBP at Rouses Point, New York, for Canada-bound rail cargo since 2017. The project became permanent after

6912-628: The facility had not yet opened. In April 2011, a team from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security traveled to Jamaica for talks with Jamaican government and tourism officials on opening future preclearance facilities on the island. The United States and Ireland entered into a preinspection arrangement in 1986 and a new preclearance treaty in 2009. The "pre-inspection" facility became operational at Shannon Airport in 1988 and at Dublin Airport in 1994. Initially, both airports only offered "pre-inspection" immigration inspection, while customs and agriculture inspections were still done upon arrival in

7020-496: The first seaport preclearance location by the time of the route's resumption in mid-2022, which would alleviate the need for RCMP presence as CBP officers would be able to legally carry firearms. Aside from the sole preclearance operation, CBP also operates several "pre-inspection" posts at the port of Victoria, British Columbia for both the Black Ball Line 's MV Coho car ferry service to Port Angeles, Washington and

7128-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

7236-581: The first year, and another preclearance facility began operation at Dorval Airport (now Montreal-Trudeau International Airport ) in 1957. By 1970, the three ports of entry were processing over 3 million passengers annually. To meet growing demands, preclearance was extended to Vancouver and Winnipeg international airports in 1979, Edmonton International Airport in 1982, Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport in 1997, and Halifax Stanfield International Airport in 2006. In 1974, preclearance operations became formalized under domestic Canadian law with

7344-425: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

7452-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

7560-629: The gates were spaced to handle narrow-body aircraft like the DC-9 and Boeing 737 long used on inter-island flights. In 1982–83 Kahului started receiving nonstop flights from the United States mainland using much larger transoceanic aircraft. Today they include wide-body aircraft, like the Airbus A330 , Boeing 767 , and Boeing 777 , and narrow-body craft like the Boeing 737-800 . The smaller aircraft used on inter-island flights fit at all gates, while

7668-517: The hundreds all at once. Preclearance requires considerable resources and a great deal of redundancy from the foreign airports which choose to implement it. Once precleared by CBP officers, U.S.-bound passengers must undergo security screening in accordance with U.S. standards and are then kept in a separate sterile waiting area equipped with its own shops, restaurants, lounges, restrooms, and other passenger services, as well as its own gates exclusively devoted to U.S.-bound aircraft. The foreign airport

7776-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

7884-723: The larger overseas airliners cannot. Because of the size of the wide-body aircraft, Gates 3, 25, 31, and 37 are rarely used. The air traffic control tower stands 187 feet (57 m) above mean sea level and was completed in 1988. The airport is going through expansion authorized by the Hawaii State Legislature. A goal has been set to prepare Kahului Airport to eventually become a permanent international airport with service routes from Canada and Japan. Current flights from Canada use United States border preclearance facilities in Vancouver , Calgary or Edmonton . Under

7992-431: The mid-20th century, with the last passenger manifest concluded in 1954, while Victoria's "pre-inspection" location remains in operation. The modern form of air preclearance began as an informal agreement between the two countries at Malton Airport (now Toronto Pearson International Airport ) and Calgary International Airport in 1952, following a request from American Airlines . Over 250,000 passengers were processed in

8100-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

8208-514: The new Airport Access Road began in November 2013, and was completed in July 2016 at a cost of $ 56 million funded, from rental car facility charges. A new consolidated rental car facility was opened at Kahului Airport on May 15, 2019. The LEED-certified facility features customer service counters, approximately 3,700 parking spaces for rental cars, and an electric tram running between the terminal and

8316-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

8424-473: The operating hours of the airports, seaports, or railway stations they operate in. Transportation operators who would like to allow their passengers to be able to take advantage of such a facility must schedule their departure times to coincide with the preclearance facilities' operating hours. Carriers may launch flights from preclearance airports to the U.S. outside CBP preclearance operating hours, but passengers who choose to take such flights will be processed in

8532-524: The partial preclearance operation arrangement to be updated to full immigration and customs preclearance under the LRMA so the stop at the border can be eliminated. Amtrak estimated that the trip time will be shortened by at least 10 minutes. Amtrak suspended services on the route from March 2020 until September 2022, and no public timeline for implementation has been announced. In May 2012, U.S. Senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), Patrick Leahy (D-VT), and Bernie Sanders (I-VT) sent

8640-664: The passage of the Air Transport Preclearance Act. The arrangement was repeatedly modernized with the 1999 Preclearance Act, and with the 2001 Canada–U.S. Agreement on Air Transport Preclearance. In 2019, previous agreements and legislations were replaced by the Agreement on Land, Rail, Marine, and Air Transport Preclearance Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada (LRMA), which allows for significant expansion of

8748-550: The passenger arrived at the preclearance airport from an earlier flight). While serving as Secretary of Homeland Security , Jeh Johnson explained this in September 2014 to the Council on Foreign Relations : "To use a football metaphor, I'd much rather defend our end zone from the 50-yard-line than from our 1-yard-line". Preclearance also provides considerable flexibility to the airlines operating in those routes where such

8856-552: The preclearance area. Although CBP does not have arrest powers in Canada, the bill also includes increased cooperation with the CBSA to arrest travelers found to be breaking the law. On March 10, 2016, U.S. and Canadian officials announced that the three priority transportation hubs that would receive preclearance were Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport , and Montreal Central Station . On December 8, 2016, U.S. President Barack Obama signed

8964-488: The preclearance area. Security checks are conducted by Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) in the standards of both CATSA and U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. There are currently no full preclearance facilities for rail passengers in Canada. Nevertheless, special operations termed "pre-inspections" have been conducted by CBP and CBSA officers at Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia for passengers departing on

9072-531: The preclearance facilities to arrive at domestic terminals instead of international terminals, which in turn allows arriving passengers to leave U.S. airports upon landing without further inspection. Since March 2010, the Shannon preclearance facility is also available for use by private aircraft. However, the Dublin facility is only available for commercial flights. In 2017, U.S. Executive Order 13769 implemented

9180-485: The preclearance program first started in 1952. Airport authorities have blamed these delays on reduced staffing levels by CBP, but pleas for increased staffing have been answered with deferrals due to domestic priorities. NEXUS and similar programs are now being explored and expanded as a means to try to restore some of the original convenience to the preclearance process. CBP also sets the hours of operation of its preclearance facilities, which often tend to be shorter than

9288-404: The process. The foreign airport is responsible for providing CBP with a suitable inspection facility based upon the agency's detailed design guidelines. CBP preclearance facilities are smaller than their domestic counterparts on the basis that departing passengers typically enter airports at slower and more constant rates, in contrast to arriving passengers who emerge from newly-landed aircraft by

9396-478: The ramp below. The main passenger terminal is divided into two areas, north and south. The south area houses Gates 1–16 with seven aircraft parking positions (sized for four inter-island and three overseas aircraft). The north area houses Gates 17–39 with nine aircraft parking positions (sized for three inter-island and six overseas aircraft). Inter-island gates are Gates 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21. Overseas gates are Gates 1, 5, 7, 23, 27, 29, 33, 35, and 39. Most of

9504-473: The rental car facility, eliminating the need for shuttle buses. Maui Bus operates two routes that stop at Kahului Airport. Route 35 Haiku Islander and Route 40 Upcountry Islander stop at the airport, both starting in Kahului . Route 35 connects the airport with Paia and Haiku, while Route 40 connects Pukalani , Makawao , and Haliimaile to the airport. On April 28, 1988, Aloha Airlines Flight 243 ,

9612-729: The reverse, making this an expensive and inefficient proposition that, as of 2022 , has not been exercised by the Canadian government. In Canada, the preclearance measures interface with the Quarantine Act in the case of a public health emergency. The following Canadian airports operate U.S. preclearance facilities: At the request of Porter Airlines , a new terminal building at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (Toronto Island) officially opened in Fall 2010 and includes both CBSA inspection facilities and provisions for CBP's preclearance facilities. The request to include preclearance, however,

9720-408: The route's suspension on October 1, 2019, after the state announced that it could not unilaterally cover the cost of security service provided by Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to unarmed CBP officers which has become mandatory under the LRMA. However, both Canadian and Alaskan governments announced in September 2021 that they would work to upgrade Prince Rupert's facility for the port to become

9828-405: The rush of air rendered vocal communication impossible, and the pilots had to use hand signals during landing. Investigations of the disaster, headquartered at Honolulu International Airport, concluded that the accident was caused by metal fatigue . The disaster caused most major United States air carriers to evaluate their older aircraft models. On October 28, 1989, Aloha Island Air Flight 1712,

9936-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

10044-573: The same way as most other international passengers upon arrival on American soil. Preclearance facilities exist because of agreements made between the U.S. federal government and the governments of the host countries. Travelers who have passed through preclearance facilities, but whose flight or ship has not departed, remain in the legal jurisdiction of the host country. U.S. officials may question and search travelers with such passengers' permission. Their power to arrest or detain travelers (such as for customs or immigration violations or outstanding warrants)

10152-547: The same year and Grand Bahama International Airport in Freeport in 1978. In 1994, an agreement with the Aruban government was concluded, and preclearance began operation at Queen Beatrix International Airport . In early 2022, the U.S. government signaled that the preclearance facility at Grand Bahama International Airport of Freeport would be closed due to delays in the airport's reconstruction following its acquisition by

10260-498: The scope of preclearance facilities. On March 16, 2015, U.S. and Canadian officials signed the ministerial-level LRMA. The agreement paved paths for the expansion of CBP’s preclearance facilities as well as its detention powers on Canadian soil to the levels similar on U.S. soil. For instance, under the LRMA, CBP officers working at preclearance facilities in Canada will be able to carry firearms and detain travelers who try to voluntarily withdraw their outbound travel or willingly leave

10368-521: The service will start. On that same date, DHS also announced that eleven more airports in nine countries had been added to the list of possible preclearance airports: On 23 March 2018, the Taiwanese newspaper Liberty Times reported that the U.S. had conditionally agreed to the establishment of a border preclearance system in Taiwan . The Taiwanese government is assessing the possibility of establishing

10476-493: The shoreline by 1 mile (1.6 km); flights from Runway 5 for destinations south are directed to turn right as soon as possible. Flights landing on Runway 2 detour west of Kahului and Wailuku on a heading almost directly south before lining up for landing. Flights landing on Runway 5 follow the coastline and avoid overflying populated areas as much as possible. Under the OGG Master Plan, Runway 2 would be lengthened (to

10584-641: The signing of the LRMA in 2019. The Alaska Marine Highway terminal in Prince Rupert, British Columbia is the only marine preclearance location in the world. It became operational on June 20, 2022 and is used by the Alaska Marine Highway ferry service to Ketchikan . Prior to the opening of the preclearance facilitates, "pre-inspection" facilities were available for users of the Ketchikan-Prince Rupert service until

10692-675: The six bodies have authority over the four airport districts in Hawaii: Hawai'i District , Kaua'i District , Maui District and the principal O'ahu District . Kahului Airport is a subordinate of Maui District officials. The Kahului Airport terminal building has ticketing, USDA agricultural inspection, and baggage claim areas on the ground level. Sixteen jetways are available for enplaning or deplaning passengers (there are six gate hold areas designated A–F). Gates with odd numbers have jetway systems, while gates with even numbers are designated as emergency exits and have stairs that lead to

10800-409: The south) to 8,530 ft (2,600 m) by 2021, allowing operations with long-distance aircraft carrying a full load of fuel at maximum take-off weight. This would enable nonstop service from Kahului to Chicago, Dallas, and Denver with Boeing 777-200 aircraft. In addition, a parallel 7,000 ft × 150 ft (2,134 m × 46 m) runway to 2/20 would be constructed in the future, with

10908-437: The state tournament. The NTSB determined the cause of the accident was the airplane's controlled flight into terrain as a result of the decision of the captain to continue to operate the flight under visual flight rules at night into instrument meteorological conditions , which obscured rising mountainous terrain. On March 8, 2006, a Hawaii Air Ambulance Cessna 414 was making an approach to Runway 5 when it crashed into

11016-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

11124-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

11232-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

11340-641: Was formally denied by the Department of Homeland Security in August 2010 due to the lack of U.S.-bound passenger flow at the time. After the conclusion of legislative procedures by both countries in 2017, both Toronto Island Airport and Quebec City Jean Lesage International Airport were included in preclearance's expansion plans. The necessary upgrades in Quebec City were anticipated to take 18 months and C$ 35 million to complete, although as of 2021 there

11448-816: Was than the United States Army Air Forces ' Kindley Field ). In the same year, this base was transferred to the United States Navy as Naval Air Station Bermuda (replacing the former base of the same name, which became the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex ). In 1995, along with the Naval Facility Bermuda , they were closed as part of the post- Cold War Peace dividend (excepting the NASA tracking station on Cooper's Island , which closed

11556-605: Was unanimously adopted during floor consideration of the FY14 Homeland Security Appropriations bill. On November 14, 2013, Rep. Patrick Meehan (R, PA-7) introduced the Preclearance Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 3488; 113th Congress) . Meehan indicated that the goal of the bill would be to prevent CBP from opening a preclearance facility at Abu Dhabi International Airport in the United Arab Emirates . Supporters of

11664-488: Was yet a targeted completion date. In December 2021, it was announced that Toronto Island Airport's preclearance facility will become operational in 18-24 months, and the expansion will cost approximately C$ 20 million which had yet to be secured. The funding for Toronto Island Airport was secured in June 2023 and the preclearance facility is expected to open by 2025. In airports with preclearance, passengers must first pass airport security inspection before they can proceed to

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