51-616: The Kane Gang are an English pop trio formed in Seaham in 1982. The group comprised Martin Brammer , Paul Woods and Dave Brewis. They scored several UK and US hits in the 1980s. Named alluding to the movie Citizen Kane , the trio recorded for the record label Kitchenware , which was also home to Prefab Sprout . The group announced a comeback on 14 August 2024. Vocalists Martin Brammer (born 13 May 1957, Seaham , County Durham) and Paul Woods, with multi-instrumentalist Dave Brewis, formed
102-477: A financial economist might study the structural reasons why a company may have a certain share price , a financial mathematician may take the share price as a given, and attempt to use stochastic calculus to obtain the corresponding value of derivatives of the stock ( see: Valuation of options ; Financial modeling ). According to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles occupations in mathematics include
153-400: A manner which will help ensure that the plans are maintained on a sound financial basis. As another example, mathematical finance will derive and extend the mathematical or numerical models without necessarily establishing a link to financial theory, taking observed market prices as input. Mathematical consistency is required, not compatibility with economic theory. Thus, for example, while
204-788: A political dispute, the Christian community in Alexandria punished her, presuming she was involved, by stripping her naked and scraping off her skin with clamshells (some say roofing tiles). Science and mathematics in the Islamic world during the Middle Ages followed various models and modes of funding varied based primarily on scholars. It was extensive patronage and strong intellectual policies implemented by specific rulers that allowed scientific knowledge to develop in many areas. Funding for translation of scientific texts in other languages
255-430: A revolving red light (an unusual configuration, provided so as to distinguish it from the north pier light at Sunderland); both lights were displayed from the same tower, the upper being 100 feet (30 m) and the lower 54 feet (16 m) above mean sea level. The lighthouse was gas-lit, with an arrangement of third-order catadioptric lenses provided by Chance Brothers & Co. It was decommissioned in 1905, when
306-597: A sixth-form, called Seaham High School , before 2016 known as Seaham School of Technology. Seaham's main football team is Seaham Red Star F.C. , formerly Seaham Colliery Welfare Red Star, located near Seaham's Red Star park. The club plays in Northern League Division One . Seaham has two cricket clubs, Seaham Harbour Cricket club, and Seaham Park Cricket Club. Both senior teams play in the North East Premier League In
357-553: A whole came to be known as Seaham. In 1853 John Candlish built the Londonderry Bottleworks in the town. It was the largest glass bottle works in Britain and survived until 1921. Candlish went on to become mayor and, in 1868, Liberal MP for Sunderland . Waste glass from the bottleworks was dumped at sea and is now washed up as glass pebbles, known as sea glass , on local beaches. In 1928, production started at
408-420: Is mathematics that studies entirely abstract concepts . From the eighteenth century onwards, this was a recognized category of mathematical activity, sometimes characterized as speculative mathematics , and at variance with the trend towards meeting the needs of navigation , astronomy , physics , economics , engineering , and other applications. Another insightful view put forth is that pure mathematics
459-451: Is a mathematical science with specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on problems, often concrete but sometimes abstract. As professionals focused on problem solving, applied mathematicians look into the formulation, study, and use of mathematical models in science , engineering , business , and other areas of mathematical practice. Pure mathematics
510-650: Is a seaside town in County Durham , England . Located on the Durham Coast , Seaham is situated 6 miles (10 kilometres) south of Sunderland and 13 miles (21 km) east of Durham . The town grew from the late 19th century onwards as a result of investments in its harbour and coal mines. The town is twinned with the German town of Gerlingen . The original village of Seaham has all but vanished; it lay between St Mary's Church and Seaham Hall (i.e. somewhat to
561-681: Is currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by Labour Member of Parliament , Grahame Morris , who has served since the 2010 general election . Seaham has fine beaches and transport links to the eastern coast. From 2001 most of the Durham coastline was designated as a "heritage coast" and Seaham beach was entirely restored. In 2002 the Turning
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#1732802607441612-400: Is not necessarily applied mathematics : it is possible to study abstract entities with respect to their intrinsic nature, and not be concerned with how they manifest in the real world. Even though the pure and applied viewpoints are distinct philosophical positions, in practice there is much overlap in the activity of pure and applied mathematicians. To develop accurate models for describing
663-591: The BBC Three sitcom Live!Girls! present Dogtown which premiered on the channel in autumn 2006. According to the Sunderland Echo (11 February 1999), scenes from Saving Private Ryan (1998) were also going to be filmed in Seaham, but government intervention moved production elsewhere. According to Tom McNee's 1992 portrait of the town The Changing Face of Seaham: 1928–1992 , St. John 's parish church
714-517: The Durham Coast Line , running from Middlesbrough to Newcastle , via Hartlepool , Stockton and Sunderland . Local bus services operated by Arriva North East and Go North East also provide access to the nearby towns of Murton , Peterlee and Houghton-le-Spring , as well as further afield to Sunderland , Newcastle upon Tyne , Durham , Darlington , Stockton-on-Tees and Middlesbrough . Seaham has one secondary school, without
765-522: The Freedom of the Town of Seaham. Anticlockwise Ryhope , Tyne and Wear Seaham Clockwise Dawdon , County Durham Mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems . Mathematicians are concerned with numbers , data , quantity , structure , space , models , and change . One of
816-653: The Pythagorean school , whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypatia of Alexandria ( c. AD 350 – 415). She succeeded her father as librarian at the Great Library and wrote many works on applied mathematics. Because of
867-676: The Schock Prize , and the Nevanlinna Prize . The American Mathematical Society , Association for Women in Mathematics , and other mathematical societies offer several prizes aimed at increasing the representation of women and minorities in the future of mathematics. Several well known mathematicians have written autobiographies in part to explain to a general audience what it is about mathematics that has made them want to devote their lives to its study. These provide some of
918-574: The US Dance Charts . Woods left the band in 1991 to attempt a solo career. Woods and Brewis also worked on an album which was never released. It was announced that the Kane Gang would reunite for a gig at Sunderland's The Fire Station music venue on 2 November 2024. The Kane Gang performed the music for the "Ooh Gary Davies ... On Your Radio" jingle for BBC Radio 1 . As was the fashion around that time, bands would adapt songs to provide
969-478: The graduate level . In some universities, a qualifying exam serves to test both the breadth and depth of a student's understanding of mathematics; the students who pass are permitted to work on a doctoral dissertation . Mathematicians involved with solving problems with applications in real life are called applied mathematicians . Applied mathematicians are mathematical scientists who, with their specialized knowledge and professional methodology, approach many of
1020-586: The 2019-20 rugby season, Seaham RUFC were promoted from Durham/Northumberland 3 into Durham/Northumberland 2 . The final scene of the 1971 film, Get Carter , was shot at Blackhall Rocks beach, which is down the coast from Seaham. The rich mining history of the town was highlighted in the 2000 film Billy Elliot , which was set during the 1984–85 UK miners' strike in the fictional County Durham town of Everington but which displayed characteristics particular to East Durham pit communities such as Seaham and Easington Colliery . Both towns feature as locations in
1071-403: The 3rd Marquess had approached the architect John Dobson with a view to his drawing up plans for a town to be built around the harbour. Dobson did so, but the planned approach foundered for lack of funds, and the town instead grew in a more piecemeal fashion. To begin with, the town was itself called Seaham Harbour (to differentiate it from the ancient village); in time, though, the settlement as
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#17328026074411122-586: The Italian and German universities, but as they already enjoyed substantial freedoms and autonomy the changes there had begun with the Age of Enlightenment , the same influences that inspired Humboldt. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge emphasized the importance of research , arguably more authentically implementing Humboldt's idea of a university than even German universities, which were subject to state authority. Overall, science (including mathematics) became
1173-696: The Londonderry Institute in Tempest Road (1853-5 by Thomas Oliver ) with its monumental Greek-style portico provides something of a glimpse of the Marquess's original vision for the town. Of a slightly later date, the former Londonderry Offices on the sea front once served as headquarters for the mining and other businesses of the Londonderry family. A statue of the 6th Marquess stands in the forecourt. Also dating from an early stage in
1224-607: The Tide project won, jointly with the Eden Project , the prize for Outstanding Achievement in Regeneration in the annual Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors awards. Seaham Hall is now a luxury hotel and spa . The "Byron Place" shopping centre (named from Seaham's association with Lord Byron ) opened in 2007 and includes Asda and Wilko stores. In 2006, a survey conducted by Halifax revealed that Seaham was, at
1275-616: The crews of several colliers lost in the late gales. But I saw the sea once more in all the glories of surf and foam. The marriage was short-lived, producing as its only child the mathematician Ada Lovelace , but it was long enough to have been a drain on the Milbanke estate. The area's fortunes changed when the Milbankes sold out in 1821 to the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry , who built a harbour, in 1828, to facilitate transport of goods from locally encouraged industries (the first coal mine
1326-500: The earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus ( c. 624 – c. 546 BC ); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry , by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem . The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos ( c. 582 – c. 507 BC ) established
1377-633: The film, notably Dawdon Miners' Club, into which Elliot's dad runs when he learns his son has won an audition at dance school. Elliot's "angry dance" scene takes place in Dawdon between Embleton Street and Stavordale Street West. The opening scene in Alien 3 (1992) was filmed on Blast Beach, at Dawdon . The town has also served as a location for the BAFTA nominated film Life For Ruth (1962) starring Janet Munro and Patrick McGoohan . The town appeared in
1428-500: The focus of universities in the 19th and 20th centuries. Students could conduct research in seminars or laboratories and began to produce doctoral theses with more scientific content. According to Humboldt, the mission of the University of Berlin was to pursue scientific knowledge. The German university system fostered professional, bureaucratically regulated scientific research performed in well-equipped laboratories, instead of
1479-1060: The following. There is no Nobel Prize in mathematics, though sometimes mathematicians have won the Nobel Prize in a different field, such as economics or physics. Prominent prizes in mathematics include the Abel Prize , the Chern Medal , the Fields Medal , the Gauss Prize , the Nemmers Prize , the Balzan Prize , the Crafoord Prize , the Shaw Prize , the Steele Prize , the Wolf Prize ,
1530-453: The harbour was expanded and the current black-and-white striped pier-head light was constructed. Red Acre lighthouse was left standing, however, to serve as a daymark , until 1940 when the whole structure was swiftly demolished in case it should serve to assist enemy navigators. A steel statue, 1101 (locally also known as Tommy ) by local artist Ray Lonsdale , commemorating World War One and initially erected temporarily for three months,
1581-633: The imposing problems presented in related scientific fields. With professional focus on a wide variety of problems, theoretical systems, and localized constructs, applied mathematicians work regularly in the study and formulation of mathematical models . Mathematicians and applied mathematicians are considered to be two of the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. The discipline of applied mathematics concerns itself with mathematical methods that are typically used in science, engineering, business, and industry; thus, "applied mathematics"
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1632-527: The kind of research done by private and individual scholars in Great Britain and France. In fact, Rüegg asserts that the German system is responsible for the development of the modern research university because it focused on the idea of "freedom of scientific research, teaching and study." Mathematicians usually cover a breadth of topics within mathematics in their undergraduate education , and then proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at
1683-474: The king of Prussia , Fredrick William III , to build a university in Berlin based on Friedrich Schleiermacher 's liberal ideas; the goal was to demonstrate the process of the discovery of knowledge and to teach students to "take account of fundamental laws of science in all their thinking." Thus, seminars and laboratories started to evolve. British universities of this period adopted some approaches familiar to
1734-598: The last town colliery to be opened, Vane Tempest. By 1992, however, all three pits ( Dawdon Colliery , Vane Tempest Colliery and Seaham Colliery – known locally as "the Knack") had closed, a process accelerated by the British miners' strike . The pit closures hit the local economy extremely hard. Seaham Colliery suffered an underground explosion in 1880 which resulted in the loss of over 160 lives, including surface workers and rescuers. Many local families were affected by
1785-528: The north of the current town centre). The parish church, St Mary the Virgin, has a late 7th century. The Anglian nave resembling the church at Escomb in many respects, and is one of the 20 oldest surviving churches in the UK. Until the early years of the 19th century, Seaham was a small rural agricultural farming community whose only claim to fame was that the local landowner's daughter, Anne Isabella Milbanke ,
1836-531: The probability and likely cost of the occurrence of an event such as death, sickness, injury, disability, or loss of property. Actuaries also address financial questions, including those involving the level of pension contributions required to produce a certain retirement income and the way in which a company should invest resources to maximize its return on investments in light of potential risk. Using their broad knowledge, actuaries help design and price insurance policies, pension plans, and other financial strategies in
1887-565: The radio station with a jingle, and embed the hook of the track in the public's consciousness. The Gary Davies jingle was based on their track "Smalltown Creed" (from the LP The Bad and Lowdown World of the Kane Gang ). The same track was used as the basis for the theme tune of long-running Children's BBC television programme Byker Grove , which launched the careers of Ant & Dec (as PJ & Duncan ) and Donna Air . Seaham Seaham ( / ˈ s iː ə m / SEE -əm )
1938-484: The real world, many applied mathematicians draw on tools and techniques that are often considered to be "pure" mathematics. On the other hand, many pure mathematicians draw on natural and social phenomena as inspiration for their abstract research. Many professional mathematicians also engage in the teaching of mathematics. Duties may include: Many careers in mathematics outside of universities involve consulting. For instance, actuaries assemble and analyze data to estimate
1989-403: The seventeenth century at Oxford with the scientists Robert Hooke and Robert Boyle , and at Cambridge where Isaac Newton was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics & Physics . Moving into the 19th century, the objective of universities all across Europe evolved from teaching the "regurgitation of knowledge" to "encourag[ing] productive thinking." In 1810, Alexander von Humboldt convinced
2040-496: The time, the top property price increase hotspot in England and Wales as average prices had risen by 172% since 2003 although the average price remained well below the national average. It is believed this surge had been greatly helped by regeneration work in the area, and in particular the new housing estate East Shore Village. Today, the town has a population of around 22,000, and is served by Seaham railway station , which lies on
2091-403: The town's development is the town-centre church of St John, Seaham Harbour (1835–40). For the very much older St Mary's, Seaham, and its neighbour Seaham Hall, see above. For just over a hundred years the harbour was towered over by a 58 ft (18 m) lighthouse on Red Acre Point, immediately to the north, designed by William Chapman . Erected in 1835, it displayed a fixed white light above
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2142-577: The tragic loss of eight men and one boy in the 'Seaham Lifeboat Disaster', when the RNLI lifeboat , the George Elmy , foundered on 17 November 1962. To commemorate the event, the new coast road was named George Elmy Lifeboat Way. An electoral ward with the same name exists. The population of this ward taken at the 2011 census was 8419. Seaham is part of the Easington parliament constituency and
2193-544: The trio in 1982, after meeting while in small local bands, and signed to a small record label, which led to a deal with London Records in 1984. Their debut album, The Bad and Lowdown World of the Kane Gang (released in the US as Lowdown ), was released the following year. It spawned two UK hit singles : " Closest Thing to Heaven " (No. 12) and a cover of the Staples Singers ' " Respect Yourself " (No. 21). The latter
2244-888: Was Al-Khawarizmi . A notable feature of many scholars working under Muslim rule in medieval times is that they were often polymaths. Examples include the work on optics , maths and astronomy of Ibn al-Haytham . The Renaissance brought an increased emphasis on mathematics and science to Europe. During this period of transition from a mainly feudal and ecclesiastical culture to a predominantly secular one, many notable mathematicians had other occupations: Luca Pacioli (founder of accounting ); Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (notable engineer and bookkeeper); Gerolamo Cardano (earliest founder of probability and binomial expansion); Robert Recorde (physician) and François Viète (lawyer). As time passed, many mathematicians gravitated towards universities. An emphasis on free thinking and experimentation had begun in Britain's oldest universities beginning in
2295-464: Was also a hit in Australia, reaching No. 19. The album was produced by Pete Wingfield , and featured P. P. Arnold and Sam Brown as backing vocalists. The band's next album, Miracle , was released in 1987 and spawned two US hit singles: "Motortown" (No. 36 US / No. 45 UK) and another cover – this time of Dennis Edwards ' " Don't Look Any Further " (No. 64 US / No. 52 UK). The latter hit No. 1 on
2346-439: Was begun in 1845). However, this harbour later proved inadequate to deal with the millions of tonnes of coal and the 6th Marquess commissioned engineers Patrick Meik and Charles Meik to reclaim land and extend and deepen the dock. It was officially opened in 1905. The harbour is of particular interest because it consists of a series of interconnecting locks, rather than the more typical two wall construction. As early as 1823,
2397-536: Was elected with a majority of 14,982 votes. Seaham has also produced several able footballers, some of whom have gone on to play for the local team, Sunderland , such as Richie Pitt and Gary Rowell . Terry Fenwick and Brian Marwood played for England, with the latter, on retirement from football, working as a commentator for Sky Sports . Paul Gascoigne also lived in Seaham in the late 1990s, while playing for Middlesbrough . Other notable residents include: The following people and military units have received
2448-467: Was married at Seaham Hall to Lord Byron , on 2 January 1815. Byron began writing his Hebrew Melodies at Seaham and they were published in April 1815. It would seem that Byron was bored in wintry Seaham, though the sea enthralled him. As he wrote in a letter to a friend: Upon this dreary coast we have nothing but county meetings and shipwrecks; and I have this day dined upon fish, which probably dined upon
2499-431: Was ongoing throughout the reign of certain caliphs, and it turned out that certain scholars became experts in the works they translated, and in turn received further support for continuing to develop certain sciences. As these sciences received wider attention from the elite, more scholars were invited and funded to study particular sciences. An example of a translator and mathematician who benefited from this type of support
2550-481: Was the subject of a local fund-raising drive in 2014 to retain it on the town's seafront. Between 1929 and 1935, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Seaham (the defunct constituency which covered the area now renamed Easington) was Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald . Easington constituency has only ever returned Labour candidates to Parliament, and at the 2010 General Election , Labour candidate Grahame Morris
2601-401: Was used as the setting of a 1985 service recorded for BBC Radio 3 . Also, a two-part Channel 4 documentary profiled the town in 1991. To the south, beside the road to Dalton-le-Dale, are the remains of Dalden Tower, comprising the ruins of a 16th-century tower and fragments of later buildings. The harbour itself may be said to be the principal landmark of the nineteenth-century town; though
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