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42-547: The terrain of the state is mountainous; with the Dawna Range running along the state in a NNW–SSE direction, and the southern end of the Karen Hills in the northwest. It is bordered by Mae Hong Son , Tak , and Kanchanaburi provinces of Thailand to the east; Mon State and Bago Region to the west and south; Mandalay Region , Shan State and Kayah State to the north. The region that forms today's Karen State

84-623: A ceasefire deal with the KNU in Hpa-an, the capital of eastern Kayin State. Aung Min, the Railway Minister, and General Saw Chee Tik of the KNU led the peace talks. Located between latitudes 15° 45' north and 19° 25' north and longitudes 96° 10' east and 98° 28' east. It has a hot and humid climate because of the mountain ranges that lie in its backdrop and its location, which is near the sea, in

126-593: A nationwide population density of 76 per square kilometre (200/sq mi). Yangon Region was the most densely populated Region, (723 per square kilometre (1,870/sq mi)), followed by Mandalay (206 per square kilometre (530/sq mi)). The least densely populated States were Kachin State (19 per square kilometre (49/sq mi)) and Chin State (13 per square kilometre (34/sq mi)). The provisional census results indicated that there were 10,889,348 households in Myanmar. On average, 4.4 people lived in each household in

168-653: Is a mountain range in eastern Burma and northwestern Thailand . Its northern end is located in Kayah State where it meets the Daen Lao Range , a subrange of the Shan Hills . The range runs southwards along Kayin State as a natural border with Mon State in the west forming parallel ranges to the northern end of the Tenasserim Hills further south and southeast. The Dawna Range extends east of

210-473: Is geologically and ecologically homogeneous with the neighboring head of the Tenasserim Hills and the Karen Hills further north, so that frequently it is considered as a whole under the name "Dawna Tenasserim" or as "Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim". The Dawna Range is covered with tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . The Kayah-Karen montane rain forests that cover the mountains are part of

252-535: Is one of the main economy of Kayin State. After the signing of the preliminary ceasefire between the KNU and the Myanmar government in 2012, the number of visitors to Kayin State increased largely. Kayin State received over 40,000 tourists in 2013, while in 2016, the number of tourists reached a record 150,000. Myawaddy border trading post of Karen State is the second biggest among Myanmar's 15 border trading posts. It

294-696: Is the main border crossing trade route between Thailand and Myanmar. According to Thailand's Chamber of Commerce, the monthly trade between the two countries in 2015 through the Mae Sot to Myawaddy crossing was worth over 3 billion baht (about 90 million US dollars). Kayin State is a farming state. As of 2017, there are over 460,000 acres of paddy fields and 260,000 acres of rubber tree plantations in Kayin State. There are over 9000 acres of coffee planted in Thandaung area. The Kayin State government

336-540: Is to ensure that everyone, regardless of citizenship, is counted. These include the Rohingya in northern Rakhine State , who are officially classified as stateless, as well as hundreds of thousands of immigrants from China , who have illegally entered the country since the last census. Other challenges include a systemic lack of expertise—most of the civil servants who worked on the 1973 and 1983 censuses are now retired or deceased/unfindable, low levels of awareness among

378-516: Is trying to implement new farming technology to improve its agriculture sector. In 2016, the government announced a strategy to attract domestic and foreign investors to the Hpa-An industrial zone. However, shortage of electricity supply hinders the development of Hpa-An industrial zone. The Kayin State government in conjunction with a Japanese company has been trying to carry out a feasibility survey for an 1800-megawatt coal-fired power plant to fulfil

420-425: The 2014 Myanmar Census , Buddhists , who make up 84.5% of Kayin State's population, form the largest religious community there. Minority religious communities include Christians (9.5%), Muslims (4.6%), Hindus (0.6%), and animists (0.1%) who collectively comprise the remainder of Kayin State's population. 0.7% of the population listed no religion, other religions, or were otherwise not enumerated. According to

462-934: The Karen troops led by Bo Mya fought against the Japanese Imperial Army on the side of the British . Owing to the unrest in Burma and the human rights abuses by the Tatmadaw , some refugee camps have been established for the cross-border refugees in the Thai side of the range. The largest is the Mae La refugee camp , established in 1984 in Tha Song Yang District , Tak Province and currently houses over 40,000 refugees Landmines have been laid in

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504-793: The Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests ecoregion which is included in the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. Protected areas of the Dawna range are part of the Western Forest Complex . In 1944 and 1945, at the time of the Japanese conquest of Burma during World War II , the eastern Dawna mountains provided a base from which

546-674: The Panglong Agreement of February 1947, which was the basis for the 1947 Constitution of Burma , and boycotted the pre-independence elections of April 1947. Nonetheless, the constitution granted the Karen a state, though with an area less than what the Karen leadership had asked for from the British. The constitution also guaranteed states with the right to secede from the Union after a period of 10 years. (The Panglong Agreement gave only

588-817: The Salween southwards from the Shan Hills for about 350 km, at the western limit of the Thai highlands . Its southern end reaches the Thai -Myanmar border in the Umphang area, entering Thailand west of Kamphaeng Phet . The Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Thai side of the range. Some geographers include the Dawna Range as the western and the southern part of the Thanon Thong Chai Range (เทือกเขาถนนธงชัย). The highest point of

630-732: The State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee 's 2016 statistics, 14,080 Buddhist monks were registered in Kayin State, comprising 2.6% of Myanmar's total Sangha membership, which includes both novice samanera and fully-ordained bhikkhu. The majority of monks belong to the Thudhamma Nikaya (89%), followed by Shwegyin Nikaya (9.7%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small monastic orders . 1,000 thilashin were registered in Kayin State, comprising 1.7% of Myanmar's total thilashin community. Tourism

672-473: The 1983 and the 2014 census. The population of Karen State ranks eleventh in size when compared with other States and Regions in the country, only higher than Tanintharyi Region, Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory and Chin State. In terms of the proportion of the total population, the population of Karen State has marginally increased from 3.0 percent in 1983 to 3.1 percent in 2014. Religion in Kayin (2015) According to

714-586: The Rohingyas from being able to define their ethnicity. Furthermore, according to The Economist , "There are also fears of a backlash from Buddhist nationalists, should the census show, as many think it will, that the Muslim population is more than double the official estimate of 4 million." The United Nations has agreed to assist the Burmese government in conducting the census. In the two years leading up to

756-577: The Shan and the Kachin a state each; the Chin who actually signed the agreement did not receive a state.) The Karen National Union (KNU), which dominated the Karen leadership, was not satisfied, and wanted outright independence. In 1949, the KNU raised a rebellion that continues up to today. The KNU celebrates January 31 as 'revolution day', marking the day they went underground at the battle of Insein . Much of

798-507: The border area and this affects wildlife as well. 2014 Myanmar Census The Myanmar census 2014 ( Burmese : ၂၀၁၄ ခုနှစ် လူဦးရေနှင့် အိမ်အကြောင်းအရာ သန်းခေါင်စာရင်း ) was a nationwide census between 30 March and 10 April 2014 in Myanmar (Burma). 100,000 school teachers counted the population at midnight 29 March. The theme of the census campaign was A nationwide census – Let us all Participate . The government officially recognises 135 ethnic groups . Major groups include

840-512: The census, UNFPA assisted in surveyor training and drafting the census forms. The estimated total cost of the census is US$ 58.5 million, of which the Burmese government is paying US$ 15 million. The UNFPA is contributing US$ 5 million and Britain's Department for International Development (DFID) has donated over US$ 16 million. The United Nations and foreign governments including the United States , and Australia have pledged to help bridge

882-470: The census, along with ethnic Chinese and Pakistani residents. On 29 March 2014, the government banned the word Rohingya and asked Muslims to register themselves as Bengalis despite UN assurances. In protest, most Rohingyas boycotted the census. On 16 March 2014, Rakhine mobs protested across Rakhine State, egged on by monk Ashin Wirathu demanding that the census be stopped or changed to prevent

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924-564: The country at the time of the census are not included in these figures. The most populated areas were Yangon Region (14.3%), Ayeyawady Region (12.0%) and Mandalay Region (12.0%). The least populated areas were Naypyidaw Union Territory (2.3%), Chin State (0.9%) and Kayah State (0.6%). Overall, there were 93 males for every 100 females in the country. Only in Kachin State were there more males than females; in Kayah and Shan State

966-462: The country. It contains text, tables, graphs and maps on the size and geographical distribution of the population by sex and age, marital status, education, economic characteristics, fertility, mortality, migration and the characteristics of housing units and household amenities. The publication of main census results that require manual coding and further consultations is planned for early 2016. This publication will contain thematic analysis reports on

1008-531: The country. The average household size was highest in Kachin State and Chin State at 5.1. The lowest household sizes were observed in Ayeyawady Region, Bago Region , Magway Region and Naypyidaw Union Territory, each at 4.1. The main results, released in May 2015, comprise two series of publications containing detailed national and regional information, and a report for each of the 15 states and regions in

1050-674: The gap. Provisional results were released in August 2014. The data were from the Enumeration Area Summary sheets, completed by enumerators and verified by supervisors in the field. The provisional results provided the total population by sex and administrative unit, from national, state/region, district down to township level. It also showed the population sizes of Yangon , Mandalay , Naypyidaw and state/region capitals. Other information included were indicators such as sex ratio and population density. The results showed that

1092-673: The government and insurgents for over 60 years has produced thousands of refugees and internally displaced people. According to official statistics, less than 10% of primary school students in Karen State reach high school. All higher education institutions are located in Hpa-An City. The general state of health care in Myanmar is poor. Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack some basic facilities and equipment. In general,

1134-459: The health care infrastructure outside of Yangon and Mandalay is poor but is especially worse in conflict ridden areas like Karen State. The public health care system in the state is very poor. The following is a summary of the public health care system in the state. Dawna Range The Dawna Range ( Burmese : ဒေါနတောင်တန်း ; MLCTS : Dau:na. Taung:tan: ; Thai : ทิวเขาถนนธงชัยตะวันตก, ทิวเขาดอยมอนกุจู ), also known as Dawna Hills ,

1176-639: The location of the mountains . The main rivers in the state are Thanlwin ( Salween River ), Thaungyin ( Moei River ), Gyaing and Attaran. The government of Kayin State is split into three branches: an executive ( Kayin State Government ), a legislative ( Kayin State Hluttaw ), and a judicial ( Kayin State High Court ). Karen State consists of one city and nine towns. It has four districts, seven townships and 4092 villages. Due to

1218-489: The majority Bamar ethnic group, and the Chin , Karen , Kayah , Kachin , Mon , Rakhine and Shan , each of which gives its name to a state . The earliest recorded Burmese census was taken in 1359 in the Pinya Kingdom . The first nationwide census was taken in 1638, and it was followed by two other nationwide censuses in 1784 and 1803. The first modern census was taken in 1891 in the British colonial period. It

1260-452: The mountainous terrain in Karen State, most villages are small and contain less than 40 households so a large amount of Karen's population is dotted across the countryside over hundreds, if not thousands of villages. Since the 1973 Census, the population of Karen State has increased from 858,429 to 1,055,359 in the 1983 census and 1,574,079 in the census of 2014. This means the population of Karen State has increased by about 49 percent between

1302-486: The need of electricity supply. On the other hand, community members and local environmental groups have raised concerns about the potential impacts from coal plant emissions. Karen State is served by Hpapun Airport and Hpa-An Airport however they are closed to civilian aircraft. In 2015, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $ 100 million loan to improve a 66.4 km section of road connecting

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1344-479: The numbers of males and females were almost equal. The rest of the states and regions had more females than males. There were 14,864,119 persons living in Wards (urban areas) throughout the country. This represented 29.6% of the total population. Yangon Region was the most urbanised (70.1%), followed by Kachin State (36.0%). Magway Region (15.1%) and Ayeyawady Region (14.1%) were the least urbanised. The results showed

1386-483: The population about the census, and the difficulty of reaching areas with active fighting such as Kachin State , Shan State and Kayin State . The Burmese government plans in the 2014 census to count Burmese refugees living in Thailand , who are estimated to number 130,000 people and Burmese nationals living abroad. Rohingya, described as Bengalis in Myanmar, will be counted under the "Other" ethnicity category on

1428-426: The range is 2,080 m high Mela Taung ; 2,005 m high Mulayit Taung is located at the southern end of the range. The Dawna Range provides a habitat for the tiger , the wild Asian elephant and Fea's muntjak . Endangered species in the area are the plain-pouched hornbill and Gurney's pitta . There are other rare species some of which have only recently been discovered. This narrow steep-sided range

1470-687: The southern third of today's Karen State (below the Salween River ), after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826), and the rest after the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852. Towards the end of the British colonial era (1945-1948), the Karen leadership insisted on a separate state covering today's Karen State, much of Mon State and Taninthayi Region , within the British Empire. They refused to sign

1512-486: The state has been a battlefield since then. The civilians have taken the brunt of the war. The KNU today forms the world's longest-running resistance. The military government purportedly changed the English name of the state to Kayin State from Karen State in 1989. Since 1976 the KNU has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State. In January 2012, Myanmar's military-backed civilian government signed

1554-475: The total population is 51,419,420—a figure well below the last available official population estimate of 60.98 million in October 2012. This total population included 50,213,067 persons counted during the census and an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State , Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. More females (51.8%) were counted than males (48.2%). People who were out of

1596-513: The towns of Eindu and Kawkareik in Kayin state, the missing link of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) East-West Corridor. Major universities in Kayin state include Hpa-An University , Computer University, Hpa-An and Technological University, Hpa-An . Educational opportunities in Myanmar are limited outside the main cities of Yangon and Mandalay . It is especially a problem in Karen State where constant fighting between

1638-469: The tropics. The temperature of the hottest month in eastern mountain regions never falls below 22.2 °C (71.9 °F). Lowlands in the west and south of the state are located in the tropical monsoon climate. The lowest annual rainfall in the region is 3,000 millimetres (120 in) and the highest is 4,800 millimetres (190 in). The regions get most of the rain in summer. Some of the rivers and creeks in Karen State are flowing from south to north due to

1680-537: Was carried out in 10-year intervals until 1941. After independence, the government conducted a census in 1953/54. Two more censuses were taken in 1973 and 1983 by Gen. Ne Win 's military government . According to the 1983 census, the population of the country was 35,442,972, and the Bamar accounted for 69 per cent of the population. The Burmese government estimated the population to be 60.98 million in October 2012, based on approximate reproduction rates. The census

1722-539: Was part of successive Burmese kingdoms, since the formation of the Bagan Empire in mid-11th century. During the 13th to 16th centuries, much of the region belonged to the Hanthawaddy Kingdom , while the northern part of the region belonged to Taungoo (a vassal state of Ava Kingdom ). The region became part of Taungoo Dynasty and Konbaung Dynasty , from 16th to 19th centuries. The British seized

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1764-428: Was taken in 80,985 areas across the nation. Officials prepared 41 questions for households and 11 questions for organizations. The census faces several challenges. In the past censuses of 1973 and 1983, the country's ongoing armed conflicts put many parts of the country out of reach. As a result, several thousands of people (many of whom were hill-tribe peoples) in border regions were never counted. Another challenge

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