45-676: Karkala ( Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə] ) ( Tulu: [kɑːɾlə] ) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India . It lies near the foothills of the Western Ghats , Karkala has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri , Sringeri , Kalasa , Horanadu , Udupi , Kollur , Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala . Black granite
90-422: A literacy rate of 86.29%. 28.37% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.41% and 4.49% of the population respectively. Languages of Udupi district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 42.70% of the population spoke Kannada , 31.44% Tulu , 12.16% Konkani , 4.61% Urdu , 2.83% Marathi , 2.13% Malayalam and 2.01% Beary as their first language. Udupi has
135-780: A Jain temple in Gujarat and southern Rajasthan. Basadi is a Jain shrine or temple in Karnataka . The word is generally used in South India . Its historical use in North India is preserved in the names of the Vimala Vasahi and Luna Vasahi temples of Mount Abu . The Sanskrit word for vasahi is vasati , which implies an institution for residences of scholars attached to the shrine. Temples may be divided into Shikhar -baddha Jain temples, temple buildings dedicated to
180-476: A large gopuram tower, similar to those of local Hindu temples. Characteristics of the original Māru-Gurjara style are "the external walls of the temples have been structured by increasing numbers of projections and recesses, accommodating sharply carved statues in niches. These are normally positioned in superimposed registers, above the lower bands of mouldings. The latter display continuous lines of horse riders, elephants, and kīrttimukhas . Hardly any segment of
225-459: A ranking of 403rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 304 inhabitants per square kilometre (790/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 5.9%. Udupi district has 253,078 households, population of 1,177,361 of which 562,131 are males and 615,230 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 103,160 which is 8.76% of
270-508: A ruler, this was infrequently the case with Jain temples. Instead they were typically funded by wealthy Jain individuals or families. For this reason, and often the smaller numbers of Jains in the population, Jain temples tend to be at the small or middle end of the range of sizes, but at pilgrimage sites they may cluster in large groups - there are altogether several hundred at Palitana , tightly packed within several high-walled compounds called "tuks" or "tonks". Temple charitable trusts, such as
315-549: A tropical climate. Udupi had record rainfall during September 2020, with mass floods following soon after. The district received 315.3 mm rainfall which is a record in Udupi taluk during the last 40 years. A thermal power plant has been set up at Nandikoor in Udupi district, with installed capacity of 1200 MW and a further 1600 MW proposed. Suzlon has a manufacturing facility at Padubidre for making blades for wind mills. The project has been mired in controversies, with
360-575: A wider area comprising Sringeri , Koppa , Balehonnur and Mudigere in Chikamagalur and most of the Karkala taluk . King Veera Bhairava,constructed the basadis at Karkala and endowed land and money to numerous temples and basadis . Ramanatha and Veerapandya were his two sons and Ramanatha died early during his father's time. So In his memory, a scenic lake called Ramasamudra was created, which still survives to this day. King Veera Pandya, at
405-616: Is Kannada . Konkani and Urdu are also widely spoken in the town. Being a part of Udupi district, Karkala is in the Udupi-Chikkamagalur Lok Sabha Constituency.The Karkala Town Municipal Council (ಕಾರ್ಕಳ ಪುರಸಭೆ) is the municipal corporation of the town, responsible for all public works and development. Roadways are the main mode of transportation in Karkala. The town is well connected to Udupi, Moodabidri and Padubidri, and to Sringeri and Kalasa on
450-596: Is 79%. In Karkala, 9% of the population is under six years of age. According to recent statistics by town municipality, 25,635 people currently reside in this town, while as per the recent statistics Karkala taluk has a population of 2.10 Lacs (previous 2001 census is 2,04,571). Hinduism is the largest religion in Karkala, with Sthanika Brahmins , Rama kshathriya , Bunts , Sapaliga /Sapalya, Billavas , Ganigas , Rajapura Saraswat Brahmins (RSB), Goud Saraswat Brahmins (GSBs), Chitpavan Brahmins,Shivalli Brahmins, Vishwakarma Brahmins , Devadiga and Mogaveera forming
495-525: Is a unique form of folk dance in Tulu Nadu. The tiger is considered as the mount of Goddess Durga , and the dance is performed during the Dasara and Krishna Janmashthami festivals. Bhuta Kola or spirit worship is practised across the region, usually at night, invoking the spirits via an oracle, accompanied by traditional music and practices. The most popular local sport is Kambula , or buffalo racing, which
SECTION 10
#1732776717955540-451: Is abundant in the area, and used widely in the local architecture. Hence, the name of the town is derived from kari-kal , meaning black stone. There is still a place called as Kariya Kall in the city which means 'Black Rock' in Tulu and Kannada languages. The name 'Kariya Kall/ ಕರಿಯಕಲ್ಲ್ changed to 'Karikal/ಕರಿಕಲ್' and eventually to 'Karkal/ಕರ್ಕಲ್/ಕಾರ್ಕಳ್'. However, some studies assert that
585-560: Is an administrative subdivision in the Karnataka state of India , with the district headquarters in the city of Udupi . It is situated in the Canara old north Malabar coastal region. There are seven taluks, 233 villages and 21 towns in Udupi district. The three northern tehsils of Udupi , Kundapur and Karkala , were partitioned from Dakshina Kannada district ( South Canara ) to form Udupi district on 25 August 1997. Moodabidri
630-471: Is conducted in paddy fields. Koridakatta ( Cockfighting ) is another sport for village people. The Tuluva people have a high regard for nature and snakes in particular, so Nagaradhane, or snake worship, is also practised with the belief that the Naga Devatha (Snake God) will protect their communities. Karkala is a multilingual town. Tulu is the native language of the people, while the official language
675-421: Is essentially restricted to temples and monasteries , and Jain buildings generally reflect the prevailing style of the place and time they were built. Jain temple architecture is generally close to Hindu temple architecture , and in ancient times Buddhist architecture . Normally the same builders and carvers worked for all religions, and regional and periodic styles are generally similar. For over 1,000 years,
720-521: Is located at 13°12′N 74°59′E / 13.2°N 74.98°E / 13.2; 74.98 . It has an average elevation of 81 metres (265 feet). It has large number of picturesque lakes. such as Ramasamudra Lake, Kamala Kere, NagarBavi, Anekere, Sigadi Kere, Matadha Kere, Shivathi Kere and Jogina Kere. Situated at the foothills of the Western Ghats, Karkala has an undulating landscape, dotted with black granite outcrops, while
765-588: Is popularly known as Chaturmukha or Four-Faced. It is also referred to as Tribhuvana Tilaka Jina Chaityalaya and Ratnaraya Dhama in some inscriptions. The Chaturmukha Basadi is built in the form of a square hall with a lofty doorway and pillared porticos on each of its four sides along with a pillared verandah. The roof is flat and is made of massive granite slabs. It has life size statues of three Jain Theerthankaras on each side and small images of 24 Tirthankara . In all, there are 108 pillars inside and outside
810-705: Is the main highway road of Udupi district. National highway 169A connects this district with Thirthahalli in Shivamogga district but it is very narrow at many places and only mini buses and mini lorries are allowed on Agumbe ghat through which this national highway 169A passes. The national highway 169 (previously NH 13) from Mangaluru to Shivamogga passes through Sanoor, Karkala, Bajagoli, Mudar of this district. There are few state highways(SH) built and maintained by Karnataka public works department (P.W.D.). Main District Roads (M.D.R) connect villages and towns of
855-649: The Basadis . Abhinava Pandya's successor was Pandya VI, who is attributed to the construction of the Kere Basadis in the middle of a lake called Anekere in 1545 AD. Immadi Bhairava (Bhairava II), who ruled after him, constructed the Chaturmukha Basadi on top of a small rocky hill in 1586 AD. This Basadis has four identical entrances from the four directions leading to the Garbagriha and hence
900-546: The 12th-century Gommateshwara statue , the modern Statue of Vasupujya , and the Statue of Ahimsa , standing the tallest at 108 feet (33 meters) in height, all exemplify this similarity. In recent times, the use of murti images has become controversial within Jainism, and some smaller sects reject them entirely, while others are selective in terms of which figures they allow images of. In sects which largely disapprove of images,
945-592: The Udupi Zilla Panchayat, respectively, after the election held at the Zilla Panchayat on 27 April 2016. Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada district in southern direction. Shimoga district borders on north east side and Chikmagalur district on east. The Arabian Sea is west of Udupi district. Udupi district is connected by road and railway line. The National highway 66 (previously NH-17)
SECTION 20
#1732776717955990-522: The Western Ghats. The main roadways serving Karkala are: The nearest railhead is at Udupi while the airport closest to Karkala is at Bajpe in Mangalore . There is an extensive public transport system connecting Karkala to Udupi and Mangalore. Udupi district Udupi district (also Udipi ( IPA: [uɖupi] ) in Kannada or Odipu ( IPA: [oɖipu] ) in Tulu language )
1035-424: The basic layout of a Hindu or most Jain temples has consisted of a small garbhagriha or sanctuary for the main murti or idol, over which the high superstructure rises, then one or more larger mandapa halls. Māru-Gurjara architecture or the "Solanki style", is a particular temple style from Gujarat and Rajasthan (both regions with a strong Jain presence) that originated in both Hindu and Jain temples around
1080-549: The ceilings of mandapas, and a characteristic form of "flying arch" between columns, which has no structural role, and is purely decorative. Most early temples in the style are in various local shades of pink, buff or brown sandstone, but the Dilwara temples are in a very pure white marble which lightens the style and has become considered very desirable. While, before British India , large Buddhist or Hindu temples (and indeed Muslim mosques) have very often been built with funds from
1125-430: The classical period, Hinduism. Jain temples and monasteries designed and constructed using rock-cut methods often share a site with those of the other religions, such as those at Udayagiri , Bava Pyara , Ellora, Aihole , Badami , Kalugumalai and Pataini temple . The Ellora Caves are a late site, which contains temples of all three religions, as the earlier Buddhist ones give way to later Hindu excavations. Despite
1170-882: The company announcing a lock-out in November 2017 that lasted for more than a month. Activities were again suspended in July 2018. A strategic petroleum reserve is set up at an underground location in the village of Padur ( Padoor ) in the Udupi district. At Shivalli Industrial Estate in Manipal a few small scale industries have set up factories. There are few clay roof tiles (Mangalore tiles) industry, Cashew nut processing industry, Coconut oil mills and fish meal industry in Udupi district. There are many small entrepreneurs who make Pickles, Happala (Pappad), Spices powder and other food products in this district. Prior to nationalisation of commercial banks and insurance companies in early 1960s
1215-406: The district had many private banks and insurance companies. Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank and Canara Bank had genesis in this district (then South Kanara district) before independence of India from British in 1947 A.D. Jain temples A Jain temple , Derasar (Gujarati: દેરાસર) or Basadi (Kannada: ಬಸದಿ) is the place of worship for Jains, the followers of Jainism . Jain architecture
1260-420: The district. Konkan Railway connects Udupi with Goa, Maharshtra and Kerala states. Udupi , Byndoor , Kundapura , Barkur , Innanje , and Padubidre are few railway stations on Konkan railway line. There are trains from Udupi to state capital Bangalore , Mangalore , Kasaragod , Margao , Thane and Mumbai . According to the 2011 census Udupi district has a population of 1,177,361. This gives it
1305-729: The first to rule the region, and their rule was followed by the Santaras , who were the feudatories of Alupas for many years. The town attained political and cultural importance from the time of the Kalasa-Karkala kingdom that was established by King Bhairava between 13th and 16th centuries. The royal family of Karkala rose to prominence from the time of the rule of the Hoysalas . During the Vijayanagara period this family reached new heights of glory as their kingdom extended over
1350-677: The insistence of his Guru Lalitakeerti, the pontiff of Karkala Jaina Math, installed a large statue of Bahubali on the rocky hill of Karkala. The date of the installation has been ascertained as 13 February 1432. He also installed the Brahmadeva Pillar in front of the statue in 1436. His successor, Abinava Pandya installed a carving of manastambha in front of the Neminatha Basadis in Hiriyangadi in 1457 AD. An intricately carved 54-foot-high (16 m) pillar stands in front of
1395-451: The main god of that temple. One facing each direction: North, East, South and West. Jain temples are built with various architectural designs. Some of the earliest examples of Jain architecture are of the Indian rock-cut architecture tradition, whereby structures are produced by carving material out of solid rock. These traditions were initially shared with Buddhism, and by the end of
Karkala - Misplaced Pages Continue
1440-482: The major communities. There is also a significant Roman Catholic and Protestant Christian presence, and sunni Hanafi Muslim communities settled in the town, Muslims Of Karkala Speak Urdu as their mother tongue. The people of Karkala follow the Tuluva culture. Distinctive features of this culture include rituals of Bhuta Kola , Nagaradhane and Yakshagana . Tuluva New Year is called Bisu. Pilinalike or Tiger Dance
1485-479: The original name was 'Kari Kola' meaning 'elephant lake' in Tulu and Kannada languages, which today is known as 'Anekere'. The current official name "Karkala" is in use since the times of the British, while it is still referred to as "Karla" by the local Tulu population. Karkala dates back to the beginning of the 10th century. The town was called Pandya Nagari during the period of Jain rule. The Alupas were
1530-532: The outer walls, and often raised on a very high platform, so that the outside of larger temples can resemble a fortress with high walls. However the entrance(s), often up high, wide steps, are not designed for actual defence, even though medieval Muslim armies and others destroyed many Jain temples in the past, often permanently. Inside the temple, the Māru-Gurjara style features extremely lavish carving, especially on columns, large and intricately carved rosettes on
1575-538: The public, normally with a high superstructure, (typically a north Indian shikhara tower above the shrine) and the Griha Chaityalaya (Ghar derasar) , a private Jain house shrine. A Jain temple which is known as a pilgrimage centre is often termed as Tirtha . The main idol of a Jain temple is known as the mula nayak . A Manastambha (column of honor) is a pillar that is often constructed in front of Jain temples. It has four 'Moortis' i.e. stone figures of
1620-710: The religious buildings are used instead. Following the regional styles in Hindu temples, Jain temples in North India generally use the north Indian nagara style, while those in South India use the dravida style, although the north Indian Māru-Gurjara style or Solanki style has made some inroads in the south over the 20th century or so. For example, the Mel Sithamur Jain Math in Tamil Nadu has
1665-804: The rule of the Pandyas, the region was annexed by Tippu Sultan , and thereafter passed on to British rule. The St Lawrence Church was built in 1845 in a village called Nitte (Attur hamlet) where people of all religions congregate every year in January for the feast of St Lawrence. Karkala is an important pilgrimage location for Jains. There are several Hindu temples, Jain Basadis , mosques, churches, and lakes in Karkala. Karla has famous educational institutions like NITTE College, Shri Bhuvenendra College, Christ king Educational institutions, and Jnanasuda Educational College. ASI protected sites in Karkala are Karla
1710-524: The similarity between different religions, Jainism is often known for placing large figures of one or more of the 24 tirthankaras in the open air rather than inside a shrine. These statues later began to increase in size, often in the form of standing nude figures in the kayotsarga meditation position (which is similar to standing at attention ). The Gopachal rock cut Jain monuments , the Siddhachal Caves , and various single figures including
1755-503: The surface is left unadorned." The main shikhara tower usually has many urushringa (subsidiary spirelets) on it, and two smaller side-entrances with porches are common in larger temples. Later, with Dilwara in the lead, surrounding the main temple with a curtain of devakulikā shrines, each with a small spire, became a distinctive feature of the Jain temples of West India, still employed in some modern temples. These are fairly plain on
1800-449: The temple. There are 18 Basadis of antiquity, including Mahaveera Basadi , Chandranathaswamy Basadi , Adinathaswamy Basadi , Ananthanatha Basadi , Guru Basadi Basadi , and Padmavati Basadi . However, the rulers of Karkala were tolerant towards other religions, with temples of other religions being constructed, including the temples of Anantashayana and Venkataramana, Mahamaya Mukhyaprana, and Sri Aadi-Shakthi Veerabhadra Swamy. After
1845-440: The total population. The sex-ratio of Udupi district is around 1094 compared to 973 which is average of Karnataka state. The literacy rate of Udupi district is 78.69% out of which 82.85% males are literate and 74.89% females are literate. The total area of Udupi is 3,582 km (1,383 sq mi) with a population density of 329 km (127 sq mi). Udupi has a sex ratio of 1093 females for every 1000 males, and
Karkala - Misplaced Pages Continue
1890-401: The very large Anandji Kalyanji Trust , founded in the 17th century and now maintaining 1,200 temples, play a very important role in funding temple building and maintenance. There are some guidelines to follow when one is visiting a Jain temple: Prevailing traditional customs should be followed regarding worshipping at the temple and touching an idol. They can vary depending on the region and
1935-527: The western part of the town is predominantly coastal plains that stretch about 25 km west towards the Arabian Sea. Religion in Moodabidri (2011) As of 2001 India census , Karkala town had a population of 25,118. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Karkala has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy
1980-402: The year 1000, but became enduringly popular with Jain patrons. It has remained in use, in somewhat modified form, to the present day, indeed also becoming popular again for some Hindu temples in the 20th century. The style is seen in the groups of pilgrimage temples at Dilwara on Mount Abu , Taranga , Girnar , Kundalpur , Sonagiri , Muktagiri and Palitana . Derasar is a word used for
2025-515: Was officially declared as new tehsil (taluk) in 2018. In February 2018, the district was split to into 3 more taluks, with Byndoor being carved out of Kundapur taluk and the Udupi taluk being split into three parts. Along with the initial Udupi taluk, Kapu , Brahmavar and Hebri were created. Dinakar Babu and Sheela K Shetty of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are the current president ( Sarpanch ) and vice-president of
#954045