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28-665: Kashmiris ( Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ] ) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley , which is today located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir . The earliest known Neolithic sites in the Kashmir valley are from around 3000 BCE. The most important sites are at Burzahom . During the later Vedic period ,
56-681: A literacy rate of 75.60% Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.12% and 8.08% of the population respectively. Languages of Kupwara district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 71.11% of the population spoke Kashmiri , 14.12% Pahari , 9.21% Gujari and 2.70% Hindi as their first language. Urdu is widely-spoken as a second language. The nearest airport is Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport in Srinagar located 87 kilometres from district headquarters Kupwara . There are plans to construct an airport in Panzgam. Kupwara district
84-761: A diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent . Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language . The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Indo-Iranian group that have resided north of the Indus River ; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of
112-560: A high density walnut nursery in Kupwara. According to the 2011 census Kupwara district has a population of 870,354. This gives it a ranking of 470th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 368 inhabitants per square kilometre (950/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 34.62%. Kupwara has a sex ratio of 843 females for every 1000 males (this varies with religion), and
140-530: A lesser extent, Central Asian steppe pastoralists. South Indian Tribal Dravidians descend majorly from South Asian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent Iranian hunter-gatherers. Additionally, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking people contributed to the genetic make-up of South Asia. Indigenous Aryanism propagates the idea that the Indo-Aryans were indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and that
168-445: A total area of 2,379 square kilometres (919 sq mi). The district is bordered by Bandipora district in the east, Baramulla district to the south and Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir to the north and west. The district is mostly rural/agricultural. Most of the people depend on agriculture and horticulture. There is a good production and business of walnuts in Kupwara. The Department of horticulture have developed
196-651: Is Urdu, rather than Kashmiri, that Kashmiri Muslims have seen as their identity symbol. Rahman notes that efforts to organise a Kashmiri language movement have been challenged by the scattered nature of the Kashmiri-speaking community in Azad Kashmir. The Kashmiri language is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . It was a part of the eighth Schedule in the former Constitution of the Jammu and Kashmir. Along with other regional languages mentioned in
224-923: Is a multi-course meal in Kashmir prepared by skilled chefs called Wazas . Kashmir is also known for its baking traditions. Sheermal , Bakarkhani (puff pastry), Lavas (unleavened bread), Tsochwor (hard, bagel-shaped bread) and Kulche are popular baked goods. [REDACTED] Media related to Kashmiri people at Wikimedia Commons Indo-Aryan peoples This is an accepted version of this page Pontic Steppe Caucasus East Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India Indo-Aryans Iranians East Asia Europe East Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Others European Indo-Aryan peoples are
252-623: Is closely related to Poguli and Kishtwari , which are spoken in the mountains to the south of the Kashmir Valley and have sometimes been counted as dialects of Kashmiri. Kashmiri Hindus are Saraswat Brahmins and are known by the exonym Pandit . The Muslims living in Kashmir are of the same stock as the Kashmiri Pandit community and are designated as Kashmiri Muslims . Kashmiri Muslims are descended from Kashmiri Hindus who converted to Islam , and Kashmiri Pandits are
280-463: Is the sole mother tongue. The Kashmiri dialect of Neelum is closer to the variety spoken in northern Kashmir Valley, particularly Kupwara . At the 2017 Census of Pakistan , as many as 350,000 people declared their first language to be Kashmiri. A process of language shift is observable among Kashmiri-speakers in Azad Kashmir according to linguist Tariq Rahman , as they gradually adopt local dialects such as Pahari-Pothwari , Hindko or move towards
308-797: The British under the Treaty of Amritsar , the Raja of Jammu , Gulab Singh , became ruler of Kashmir. The rule of the Dogra dynasty under the British Crown lasted until 1947, when the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir became part of India. It is now a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China. There are about 6.8 million speakers of Kashmiri and related dialects in Jammu and Kashmir and amongst
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#1732765505898336-594: The Kashmir Valley Division of Indian administered Kashmir . The Pohru River (originating in Lolab Valley and flowing from east to west) and Mawar river are two main rivers in the district. Both of them meet Jhelum river in Baramulla district . The district was carved out of the erstwhile Baramulla district in 1979 with Kupwara Town as the district headquarters. Kupwara district has
364-459: The Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India. Most Kashmiris are located in the Kashmir Valley and other areas of Jammu and Kashmir. In the Kashmir valley, they form a majority. Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five per cent of Azad Kashmir 's population. According to the 1998 Pakistan Census , there were 132,450 Kashmiri speakers in Azad Kashmir. Native speakers of the language were dispersed in "pockets" throughout Azad Kashmir, particularly in
392-583: The Sixth Schedule , as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language was to be developed in the state. Persian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th century, under the influence of Islam. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule . In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time. Kashmiri
420-653: The Uttara–Kurus settled in Kashmir. During the reign of Ashoka (304–232 BCE), Kashmir became part of the Maurya Empire and the city of Srinagari ( Srinagar ) was built. Kanishka (127–151 CE), an emperor of the Kushan dynasty , conquered Kashmir. In the eighth century, during the Karkota Empire , Kashmir grew as an imperial power. Lalitaditya Muktapida defeated Yashovarman of Kanyakubja and conquered
448-403: The lingua franca Urdu . This has resulted in these languages gaining ground at the expense of Kashmiri. There have been calls for the promotion of Kashmiri at an official level; in 1983, a Kashmiri Language Committee was set up by the government to patronise Kashmiri and impart it in school-level education. However, the limited attempts at introducing the language have not been successful, and it
476-794: The BMAC, and then migrated further south into the Levant and north-western India. The migration of the Indo-Aryans was part of the larger diffusion of Indo-European languages from the Proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic–Caspian steppe which started in the 4th millennium BCE. The GGC , Cemetery H , Copper Hoard , OCP , and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryans. The Indo-Aryans were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as aryā 'noble'. Over the last four millennia,
504-471: The Indo-Aryan culture has evolved particularly inside India itself, but its origins are in the conflation of values and heritage of the Indo-Aryan and indigenous people groups of India. Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains
532-831: The Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BCE), and the Andronovo culture , which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the Aral Sea , present-day Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Proto-Indo-Aryan split off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians, moved south through the Bactria-Margiana Culture , south of the Andronovo culture, borrowing some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from
560-467: The Indo-European languages spread from there to central Asia and Europe. Contemporary support for this idea is ideologically driven, and has no basis in objective data and mainstream scholarship. Kupwara district Kupwara district is an administrative district of Indian -administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 10 districts located in
588-570: The Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh , Nepal , eastern- Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Maldives and northern- India . The introduction of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent was the result of a migration of Indo-Aryan people from Central Asia into the northern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Nepal , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka ). These migrations started approximately 1,800 BCE, after
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#1732765505898616-613: The districts of Muzaffarabad (15%), Neelam (20%) and Hattian (15%), with very small minorities in Haveli (5%) and Bagh (2%). The Kashmiri spoken in Muzaffarabad is distinct from, although still intelligible with, the Kashmiri of the Neelam Valley to the north. In Neelam Valley, Kashmiri is the second most widely spoken language and the majority language in at least a dozen or so villages, where in about half of these, it
644-645: The eastern kingdoms of Magadha, Kamarupa , Gauda , and Kalinga . He defeated the Arabs at Sindh . The Utpala dynasty , founded by Avantivarman , followed the Karkotas. Queen Didda , who descended from the Hindu Shahis of Udabhandapura on her mother's side, took over as ruler in the second half of the 10th century. After her death in 1003 CE, the Lohara dynasty ruled the region. In 1339, Shah Mir became
672-636: The invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia . Another group of Indo-Aryans migrated further westward and founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern Syria (c. 1500–1300 BC); the other group was the Vedic people. Christopher I. Beckwith suggests that the Wusun , an Indo-European Caucasoid people of Inner Asia in antiquity , were also of Indo-Aryan origin. The Proto-Indo-Iranians , from which
700-412: The musical instruments used in Kashmir are Rubab , Tumbaknaer (which is of Iranian origin) and Santoor . A traditional dance form usually performed by women on occasions like marriages and similar social functions is Rouf . Meat and rice are popular food items among Kashmiris, rice being considered a staple food . Noon Chai or Sheer Chai and Kahweh are beverages of Kashmir. Wazwan
728-809: The predecessors of the Kashmiri Muslims, who now form the majority population in the Kashmir Valley Both the Kashmiri Hindus and Muslim society reckons descent patrilineally. Certain property and titles may be inherited through the male line, but certain inheritances may accrue through the female line. After Kashmiri Hindus converted to Islam they largely retained their family names ( kram ) which indicated their original profession, locality or community. These include: The traditional types of music of Kashmir are Sufi Kalam , Wanvun , Chakri , Henzae , and Ladishah . Some of
756-656: The ruler of Kashmir, establishing the Shah Mir dynasty . During the rule of the Shah Mir dynasty, Islam spread in Kashmir. From 1586 to 1751, the Mughal Empire ruled Kashmir. The Afghan Durrani Empire ruled from 1747 until 1819. The Sikhs , under Ranjit Singh , annexed Kashmir in 1819. In 1846, after the First Anglo-Sikh War , the Treaty of Lahore was signed and upon the purchase of the region from
784-422: The strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted. Genetically, most Indo-Aryan-speaking populations are descendants of a mix of Central Asian steppe pastoralists, Iranian hunter-gatherers, and, to a lesser extent, South Asian hunter-gatherers—commonly known as Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI). Dravidians are descendants of a mix of South Asian hunter-gatherers and Iranian hunter-gatherers, and to
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