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34-511: The Quintipartite Deed was a legal document that split the Province of New Jersey , dividing it into the Province of West Jersey and the Province of East Jersey from 1674 until 1702. On July 1, 1676, William Penn , Gawen Lawrie (who served from 1683 to 1686 as Deputy to Governor Robert Barclay ), Nicholas Lucas, and Edward Byllynge executed a deed with Sir George Carteret known as

68-756: A century later, in 1855, the New Jersey Supreme Court adopted the Lawrence Line as the final arbiter in all property settlements in Cornelius and Empson v. Giberson , 25 N.J.L 1 (Sup. Ct. 1855). Today, the legacy of the Lawrence line is extant in the boundaries of several New Jersey municipalities, including Walpack Township , Sandyston Township , Stillwater Township , Hampton Township , and Green Township in Sussex County in

102-698: A compromise boundary following the South and North Branches of the Raritan River, the Lamington (or Black) River , a straight line to the head of the Passaic River , along the Pompton and Pequannock Rivers , and then a straight line northeast to New Jersey–New York border. The East Jersey proprietors disowned this line in 1695 and it was formally rescinded by the colonial legislature in 1718. Today,

136-662: A gap north of Green Pond Mountain and other ridges, past Butler and Bloomingdale . It joins the Ramapo River at Pompton Plains in Pequannock Township to form the Pompton. In its upper course, it forms part of the county line between Passaic and Morris counties. It is impounded near its source to form the Oak Ridge Reservoir. The river is relatively unspoiled compared to other rivers in

170-537: A result, Carteret and Berkeley became the two English lords proprietors of New Jersey. The two proprietors of New Jersey attempted to attract more settlers to move to the province by granting sections of lands to settlers and by passing the Concession and Agreement , a 1665 document that granted religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; under the British government, there was no such religious freedom as

204-659: The Church of England was the state church . In return for the land, the settlers were supposed to pay annual fees known as quit-rents . In 1665, Philip Carteret became the first governor of New Jersey , appointed by the two proprietors. He selected Elizabeth as the capital of New Jersey. Immediately, Carteret issued several additional grants of land to landowners. Towns were started and charters granted to Newark (1666), Piscataway (1666), Bergen (1668), Middletown (1693), Woodbridge (1669), and Shrewsbury . The idea of quit-rents became increasingly difficult because many of

238-483: The right to vote . The Supreme Court was established in 1704, to sit alternately at Perth Amboy and Burlington, consisting of a chief justice, a second judge and several associate judges. 40°48′32″N 74°31′12″W  /  40.809°N 74.520°W  / 40.809; -74.520 Pequannock River It rises in eastern Sussex County , near Highland Lakes on the north side of Hamburg Mountain. It flows southeast to Stockholm , then east-southeast, in

272-529: The 1676 Quintipartite Deed helped to lessen the disputes. More accurate surveys and maps were made to resolve property disputes. This resulted in the Thornton Line , drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence Line , drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. The Dominion of New England was a short-lived administrative union. On May 7, 1688, the Province of New York ,

306-631: The Coxe–Barclay line survives in the eastern boundaries of present-day Morris County and Sussex County and the northern boundary of Somerset County . The Thornton Line was surveyed in 1696 in an attempt to replace the errors of the Keith line (1686) and its amendment the Coxe–Barclay Line (1688) which was disowned by the East Jersey proprietors in 1695. While it appears on Worlidge's map of

340-744: The Deed was signed, disputes arose over the exact dividing point of the two provinces. The first attempt at resolving the issue, the Keith line, was created by Surveyor-General George Keith in 1686, and runs North-Northwest from the southern part of Little Egg Harbor , passing just north of Tuckerton , and reaching upward to a point on the Delaware River which is just north of the Delaware Water Gap . More accurate surveys and maps were made to further resolve property disputes. This resulted in

374-477: The Dominion was dissolved in 1689. On April 17, 1702, under the rule of Queen Anne , the two sections of the proprietary colony were united, and New Jersey became a royal colony . Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury , became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. However, he was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land. In 1708, Lord Cornbury was recalled to England. New Jersey

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408-683: The Keith Line has been cited as marking the approximate boundary between spheres of influence for New York City sports teams and Philadelphia sports teams; especially in the rivalry between the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles . Coxe stopped Keith, claiming that his line veered too far to the west. To finish the border, Governor Coxe, and his East Jersey counterpart, Governor Robert Barclay met in London to set

442-540: The Keith Line is still visible and can be seen via a map of New Jersey's municipalities . Remnants of the most operative line Keith Line can still be seen in the county boundaries between Burlington and Ocean and between Hunterdon and Somerset , as well as in a number of municipal boundaries within Mercer and Ocean counties, and the alignment of Province Line Road in Mercer County . In contemporary culture,

476-526: The Province of East Jersey, and the Province of West Jersey were added to the Dominion. The capital was located in Boston , but because of its size, New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey were run by the lieutenant governor from New York City . After news of the overthrow of James II by William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 reached Boston, the colonists rose up in rebellion, and

510-625: The Province of New Jersey was divided into East Jersey and West Jersey , each with its own governor . Each had its own constitution: the West Jersey Constitution (1681) and the East Jersey Constitution (1683). The exact border between West and East Jersey was often disputed. The border between the two sides reached the Atlantic Ocean to the north of present-day Atlantic City . The border line

544-622: The Quintipartite Deed, in which the territory was divided into two parts, East Jersey being taken by Carteret and West Jersey by Byllynge and his trustees. The Deed divided New Jersey by a straight line from "the Northernmost Branch of said Bay or River of De la Ware which is in forty-one Degrees and forty minutes of latitude…unto the most southwardly poynt of the East syde of Little Egge Harbour ." Almost as soon as

578-488: The Thornton line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. The Keith line was created by Surveyor General George Keith in 1686, when he ran the first survey to mark out the border between West Jersey and East Jersey. The Keith line was intended to clarify disputes resulting from the 1676 Quintipartite Deed. The Keith Line runs north-northwest from

612-422: The charter was equivalent to a conveyance of land conferring on him the right of possession, control, and government, subject only to the limitation that the government must be consistent with the laws of England. The Duke of York never visited his colony and exercised little direct control of it. He elected to administer his government through governors, councils, and other officers appointed by himself. No provision

646-476: The death of Sir George Carteret in 1680. However, he was unable to remove the position of governorship from Governor Phillip Carteret and subsequently moved to attack him and brought him to trial in New York. Carteret was later acquitted. In addition, quarrels occurred between Eastern and Western New Jerseyans, between Native Americans and New Jerseyans, and between different religious groups. From 1674 to 1702,

680-517: The disputed border between the two American colonies the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey. Border wars were not unusual in the early days of settlements of the colonies and originated in conflicting land claims. Because of ignorance, willful disregard, and legal ambiguities, such conflicts arose involving local settlers until a final settlement was reached. In the largest of these squabbles some 210,000 acres (850 km ) of land were at stake between New York and New Jersey. The conflict

714-486: The northwestern region of the state. In 1995, a group of surveyors attempted to plot the true coordinates of the line using GPS . Province of New Jersey The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland but came under English rule after

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748-627: The province were slightly larger than the current state, extending into a part of the present state of New York , until the border was finalized in 1773. The Province of New Jersey was originally settled in the 1610s as part of the colony of New Netherland. The surrender of Fort Amsterdam in September 1664 gave control over the entire Mid-Atlantic region to the English as part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War . The English justified

782-636: The region. It is a popular spot for recreation trout fishing in its upper reaches. Fishing, hunting, and other recreational uses of the river and watershed are controlled by the City of Newark 's Division of Watershed Development , which requires permits for all such uses. The Pequannock watershed is the source of most of Newark's water supply. The lands and water were purchased under the mayoralty of Joseph E. Haynes . 41°04′40″N 74°29′25″W  /  41.077749°N 74.490266°W  / 41.077749; -74.490266 This article related to

816-570: The seizure by claiming that John Cabot , an Italian under the sponsorship of the English King Henry VII , had been the first to discover the place, but it was probably to assert control over the profitable North Atlantic trade. Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant , unable to rouse a military defense, relinquished control of the colony and was able in the articles of transfer to secure guarantees for property rights, laws of inheritance, and freedom of religion . After

850-592: The settlers refused to pay them. Most of them claimed that they owed nothing to the proprietors because they received land from Richard Nicolls , governor of New York . This forced Berkeley to sell West Jersey to John Fenwick and Edward Byllynge , two English Quakers . Many more Quakers made their homes in New Jersey, seeking religious freedom from English (Church of England) rule. Meanwhile, conflicts began rising in New Jersey. Edmund Andros , governor of New York, attempted to gain authority over East Jersey after

884-603: The southern part of Little Egg Harbor Township , passing just north of Tuckerton . The line was to continue upward to a point on the Delaware River which is just north of the Delaware Water Gap , but Keith was stopped in his survey by Governor of West Jersey Daniel Coxe , when Keith had reached the South Branch of the Raritan River in what is now Three Bridges in Readington Township . Today

918-464: The surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony . The English renamed the province after the island of Jersey in the English Channel . The Dutch Republic reasserted control for a brief period in 1673–1674. After that it consisted of two political divisions, East Jersey and West Jersey , until they were united as a royal colony in 1702. The original boundaries of

952-779: The surrender, Richard Nicolls took the position as deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, including those settlements on the west side of the North River (Hudson River) known as Bergen and those along the Delaware River that had been New Sweden . In March 1664, King Charles II granted his brother, James , the Duke of York , a Royal colony that covered New Netherlands and present-day Maine . This charter also included parts of present-day Massachusetts , which conflicted with that colony's charter. The charter allowed James traditional propriety rights and imposed few restrictions upon his powers. In general terms,

986-420: The two Jersey colonies, it was never formally adopted. The Lawrence Line was created by surveyor John Lawrence in 1743 and sought to offer final resolution to the division between the two proprietary colonies. Although West Jersey was merged back with East Jersey in 1702, the previous surveys were still disputed as drawn too far west. Lawrence was commissioned in 1743 to resolve the long-standing disputes. Over

1020-470: Was created by George Keith and can still be seen in the county boundaries between Burlington and Ocean counties, and between Hunterdon and Somerset counties. The Keith line runs north-northwest from the southern part of Little Egg Harbor Township , passing just north of Tuckerton , and reaching upward to a point on the Delaware River which is just north of the Delaware Water Gap . Later,

1054-495: Was eventually settled by royal commission in 1769. The Provincial Congress of New Jersey was a transitional governing body of the Province of New Jersey in the early part of the American Revolution . It first met in 1775 with representatives from all New Jersey's thirteen counties, to supersede the royal governor. New Jersey's first state constitution was adopted on July 2, 1776. The American Revolutionary War

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1088-520: Was made for an elected assembly. Later in 1664, the Duke of York gave the part of his new possessions between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to Sir George Carteret in exchange for settlement of a debt. The territory was named after the island of Jersey, Carteret's ancestral home. The other section of New Jersey was sold to Lord Berkeley of Stratton , who was a close friend of the Duke. As

1122-406: Was then again ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, accusing those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. The New York – New Jersey Line War was a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at

1156-524: Was underway, and General George Washington recently had been defeated in New York, putting the state in danger of invasion. The 1776, the New Jersey State Constitution was drafted in five days and ratified within the next two days to establish a temporary government, thereby preventing New Jersey from collapsing and descending into anarchy. Among other provisions, it granted unmarried women and blacks who met property requirements

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