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75-526: The Kennedy Farm is a National Historic Landmark property on Chestnut Grove Road in rural southern Washington County, Maryland . It is notable as the place where the radical abolitionist John Brown planned and began his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (today West Virginia), in 1859. Also known as the John Brown Raid Headquarters and Kennedy Farmhouse , the log, stone, and brick building has been restored to its appearance at

150-695: A 50-foot (15 m) by 124-foot (38 m) auditorium that was used as a meeting place for Elks gatherings of up to three thousand persons on Fourth of July and Labor Day weekends. The auditorium was rented on summer weekends by a local black entrepreneur, John Bishop, who booked into that venue dozens of the biggest stars of rhythm and blues on the Chitlin' Circuit , including Ray Charles , Aretha Franklin , James Brown , Marvin Gaye , Little Richard , Chuck Berry , B. B. King , Eartha Kitt , Otis Redding , Etta James , The Coasters , and The Drifters . When it

225-521: A Drifters group. Bobby Hendricks led a group, as did Billy Lewis. Don Thomas leads a group, Don Thomas and the Drifters Review. In addition, Ronn McPhatter, son of Clyde McPhatter, leads a group called Clyde McPhatter's Drifters. Aside from the official post-2008 lineup, Treadwell managed a second group, The Drifters Legends, composed of former members Rick Sheppard, Butch Leake, Joe Blunt, and Clyde Brown. Faye Treadwell died of breast cancer at

300-725: A group of his own. They became known as the Drifters. Wanting to blend gospel and secular sounds, McPhatter's first effort was to get members of his church group, the Mount Lebanon Singers: William "Chick" Anderson, Charlie White, and David "Little Dave" Baughan (tenors); David Baldwin (baritone, and author James Baldwin 's brother); and James "Wrinkle" Johnson (bass). After a recording session of four songs on June 29, 1953, Ertegun realized that this combination did not work, and had McPhatter recruit another lineup. The second group included first tenor Bill Pinkney (of

375-529: A raise and a share of royalties, a request that was not honored, he left and began a successful solo career. Williams left at the same time, and a new lead, Rudy Lewis, (of The Clara Ward Singers), was hired. Lewis led the Drifters on hits such as " Some Kind of Wonderful ", " Please Stay ", " Up on the Roof " (which reached number five on the U.S. pop singles chart and number four on the U.S. R&B singles chart in 1963), and " On Broadway " (which reached number 9 on

450-409: A result, the Drifters recycled many members, none of whom made much money and got paid a mere $ 100 a week (US$ 1,137 in 2023 dollars ). McPhatter later expressed regret at this action, recognizing that it doomed his fellow musicians to unprofitability. McPhatter was first replaced by original member David Baughan, who had been singing lead in concert while McPhatter was in the service. Baughan's voice

525-520: A stove in Harpers Ferry, as Anne failed at cooking potatoes in the fireplace. On the day of the raid , October 16, 1859, 19 of the 22 at the farm left to carry out the raid. Three remained at the farmhouse to guard and manage the weapons: Owen Brown , Barclay Coppock , and Francis Jackson Meriam , When it became clear the raid was failing, all three escaped to the north, Owen to his brother John Jr. 's house in northeastern Ohio. The farmhouse

600-459: A successful but relatively short-lived solo career with 16 R&B and 21 pop hits. McPhatter demanded a large share of the group's profits, which he had been denied in the Dominoes; on his departure, though, he did not ensure that this would continue for his successor. He sold his share of the group to George Treadwell , manager, former jazz trumpeter, and husband of singer Sarah Vaughan . As

675-589: A week's appearance at the Apollo Theater . During that week, one of the members got into a fight with the master of ceremonies for the Apollo Theatre's Amateur Night, Ralph Cooper . This was considered the last straw for Treadwell, who fired the entire group. After the argument with Cooper, Treadwell hired a group called the Five Crowns and renamed them "The Drifters". Although Treadwell owned

750-895: The Historic American Buildings Survey amassed information about culturally and architecturally significant properties in a program known as the Historic Sites Survey. Most of the designations made under this legislation became National Historic Sites , although the first designation, made December 20, 1935, was for a National Memorial , the Gateway Arch National Park (then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) in St. Louis , Missouri. The first National Historic Site designation

825-606: The National Register of Historic Places . The house underwent a number of ownership changes, and significant alterations, over the next 100+ years. In 1950, the IBPOEW (Black Elks) purchased the property as a memorial to John Brown and operated it as their National Shrine. During the years leading up to their selling of the property in 1966, the Elks built several buildings on the then-235-acre (95 ha) property, including

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900-752: The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. " Dance with Me " followed and then " This Magic Moment " (number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960). " Save the Last Dance for Me " reached number one on the U.S. pop charts and number two in the UK. It was followed by " I Count the Tears ". This version of the Drifters was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2000 as Ben E. King and

975-633: The United States Congress . In 1935, Congress passed the Historic Sites Act , which authorized the interior secretary authority to formally record and organize historic properties, and to designate properties as having "national historical significance", and gave the National Park Service authority to administer historically significant federally owned properties. Over the following decades, surveys such as

1050-528: The federal armory at Harpers Ferry in a bid to incite a slave rebellion. Conditions at the Kennedy farmhouse, described as "flea-infested", were spartan. The men slept upstairs on the floor. Brown's daughter Anne and Martha, Oliver's wife, who were there doing cooking and serving as look-outs, until Brown sent them home to New York on September 30, slept on crudely-stuffed mattresses. The wooden crates with weapons were covered and used for seats. Brown had to buy

1125-620: The 1960s. In 1968, the group consisted of Pinkney, Gerhart Thrasher, Hollis, and Hendricks. Pinkney hired the Tears to perform as part of his group on a short tour. The Tears were Benny Andersson, George Wallace, Albert Fortson, and Mark Williams. After the tour, the Tears—without Pinkney—continued to tour as the Original Drifters, but Pinkney successfully sued to stop them from using the name. Pinkney added Bruce Caesar, Clarence Tex Walker , and Duke Richardson, but

1200-842: The 50 states. New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states: Virginia , California , Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York, the latter of which has the most NHLs of all 50 states. There are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia . Some NHLs are in U.S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states . There are 15 in Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , and other U.S. commonwealths and territories ; five in U.S.-associated states such as Micronesia ; and one in Morocco . Over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. Approximately half of

1275-455: The B side " Steamboat " going to number five. These were followed by " Ruby Baby " in February 1956, and " I Gotta Get Myself a Woman ". Low salaries contributed to burnout among the members. Bill Pinkney was fired after asking Treadwell for more money. In protest, Andrew Thrasher left, as well. Pinkney formed The Flyers with lead singer Bobby Hendricks , who would leave to join the Drifters

1350-688: The Back Row of the Movies" (a #2 hit in 1974), "There Goes My First Love" (which hit #3), and "You're More Than a Number in My Little Red Book" (which peaked at #5). In America, only "Kissin' in the Back Row of the Movies" made any chart impression, reaching #83 on the R&;B charts. The Drifters had their last hit in 1976, "You're More Than a Number in My Little Red Book". While The Drifters kept recording, they never released another chart hit in

1425-533: The Boardwalk " on May 21, but Rudy Lewis died on the night before the session, and Johnny Moore took over as the sole lead (Lewis and he had been alternating). "Under The Boardwalk" was a top 10 hit in the US, but the pace of the Drifters' chart career slowed after this, with "Saturday Night At The Movies" being the group's last US top 40 hit in 1964. The Drifters released several minor hits between 1964 and 1967 that made

1500-540: The Drifters brand, original members felt they were the real Drifters and were determined to keep the group alive. Bill Pinkney left first. After receiving exclusive and irrevocable ownership of the name/mark "The Original Drifters" in a binding arbitration, he joined with the Thrashers and David Baughan to begin touring as "The Original Drifters". Several original Drifters came in and out of this group over time, as well as other new artists, but these Drifters never replicated

1575-653: The Drifters name. Ownership of the Drifters name continues with the Treadwell family in the form of George Treadwell's daughter, Tina, and the UK-based company Prism Music Group Ltd. The line-up features Michael Williams, Pierre Herelle, Ryan King, and Carlton Powell. The Drifters lineup performed at the London IndigoO2 Arena in 2009 with special guests the Drifter Legends, made up of some of

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1650-540: The Drifters recorded 13 Billboard Hot 100 top-30 chart hits. The 1950s and '60s incarnations of the group were also a force on the US R&;B charts, notching six number-one R&B hits: " Money Honey " (1953), " Honey Love " (1954), " Adorable " (1955), " There Goes My Baby " (1959), " Save the Last Dance for Me " (1960), and " Under The Boardwalk " (1964). A 1970s revival in Britain, with both old and new material,

1725-555: The Drifters were the early 1950s, the 1960s, and the early 1970s (post-Atlantic period). From these, the first Drifters, formed by Clyde McPhatter, were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as "The Drifters". The second Drifters, featuring Ben E. King , were separately inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as "Ben E. King and the Drifters". In their induction, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame selected four members from

1800-493: The Drifters were the least stable of the great vocal groups, as they were low-paid musicians hired by George Treadwell , who owned the Drifters' name from 1955, after McPhatter left. The Treadwell Drifters line has had 60 musicians, including several splinter groups by former Drifters members (not under Treadwell's management). These groups are usually identified with a possessive credit such as "Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters", "Charlie Thomas' Drifters". The three golden eras of

1875-525: The Drifters. In December 2006, writs were served in the London high court by Tina Treadwell, daughter of George and Faye, against Mark Lundquist and Philip Luderman's Drifters UK Ltd, alleging they are not the rightful controllers of the Drifters. In July 2008, The Treadwell family and Prism Music Group Ltd won their legal battle. The court order prohibited Phil Luderman, Mark Lundquist, Rohan Delano Turney, Peter Lamarr, Patrick Alan, or Victor Bynoe from using

1950-671: The Drifters. The write-up indicates an award primarily as a tribute to Ben E. King with a nod to his time in the Drifters, only one of five paragraphs being exclusively devoted to the Drifters, although Charlie Thomas was also cited by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame's induction of the original Drifters, which technically was only through 1958). With this brief golden age lasting two years, personnel changes followed. Lover Patterson (the Drifters' road manager) got into an argument with George Treadwell. Since Patterson had King under contract, he refused to let him tour with

2025-469: The Jerusalem Stars), second tenor Andrew Thrasher, and baritone Gerhart Thrasher (both of the gospel group "The Thrasher Wonders"), Willie Ferbee as bass vocal, and Walter Adams on guitar. This is the group on the second session that produced their first major hit, " Money Honey ", released September 1953, with the record label displaying the group name "Clyde McPhatter and the Drifters". McPhatter

2100-672: The National Historic Landmarks are privately owned . The National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks . A friends' group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks. If not already listed on

2175-808: The National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation; about three percent of Register listings are NHLs. Washington, D.C. is home to three specifically legislated exceptions to this rule: the White House , the United States Capitol , and the United States Supreme Court Building . All are designated as NHLs, but are not on the National Register. The Drifters According to Rolling Stone ,

2250-555: The National Register, or as an NHL) often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the listing procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9, 1960, 92 places, properties, or districts were announced as eligible to be designated NHLs by U.S. Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton . Agreements of owners or responsible parties were subsequently obtained, but all 92 have since been considered listed on that 1960 date. The origins of

2325-513: The Rhythm & Blues Foundation in 1999. The Songwriters Hall of Fame include The Drifters among their Songwriters Friends, the artists who popularized the songs written by inductees. Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame 2018. Even after their last golden age in the late 70s, The Drifters still make themselves known in 1990s cinema. US pop culture today still recognizes famous tracks like " There Goes My Baby " and " This Magic Moment " 34 years later in

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2400-530: The Treadwell Drifters franchise, although in January 2000, a US court had overturned a 1999 jury verdict declaring that it was abandoned. Two members of her company, Mark Lundquist and Phil Lunderman, started a new management company, Drifters UK Limited, to run the group. Their new duties included stopping a trademark by a UK group calling themselves American Drifters. Lamarr left again in 2003 and

2475-447: The U.S. pop singles chart and number seven on the U.S. R&B singles chart in 1963). Lewis was also named in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Drifters induction. Ben E. King died on April 30, 2015, at the age of 76. Hobbs was drafted for military service and replaced by the returning Tommy Evans (from the first group). Green left in 1962 and was replaced by Eugene Pearson (of The Rivileers and The Cleftones ). Evans left again in 1963 and

2550-475: The UK or the US. Personnel turnover remained frequent. Butch Leake and Grant Kitchings of The Ink Spots replaced Sheppard and Thomas in 1973. Fredericks was replaced by Clyde Brown during the next year, and Kitchings by Billy Lewis the year after. Leake was replaced by Joe Blunt in 1976, making the lineup Johnny Moore, Clyde Brown, Joe Blunt, and Billy Lewis. Faye Treadwell renamed the group's management company Treadwell Drifters Inc. Moore left in 1978 and

2625-457: The US top 100, but didn't break through beyond that. By mid-1968, their singles were not charting at all, anywhere -- and they would never have any kind of pop hit in the US again. Turnover remained frequent. Terry was replaced in 1966 by Dan Dandridge for a few months, then by William Brent, who had been with Johnny Moore in the Hornets in 1954. Gene Pearson was replaced by Rick Sheppard during

2700-548: The United States secretary of the interior because they are: More than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States. There are NHLs in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. Three states ( Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , and New York ) account for nearly 25 percent of the nation's NHLs. Three cities within these states, Philadelphia , Boston , and New York City , respectively, all separately have more NHLs than 40 of

2775-542: The age of 84 on May 22, 2011. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame has inducted both "The Original Drifters" (1998) and "Ben E. King and the Drifters" (2000). In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Drifters number 81 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 1988, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted the Drifters; naming members Clyde McPhatter, Bill Pinkney, Gerhart Thrasher, Johnny Moore, Ben E. King, Charlie Thomas, and Rudy Lewis. Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Johnny Moore (posthumously) received Pioneer Awards from

2850-561: The country's National Register of Historic Places are recognized as National Historic Landmarks. A National Historic Landmark District sometimes called a National Historical Park may include more than one National Historic Landmark and contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed or registered. Prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of

2925-438: The first Drifters, two from the second Drifters, and one from the post-Atlantic Drifters. There were other lead singers too, but the group was less successful during those times. According to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame: "Through turmoil and changes, the (original) Drifters managed to set musical trends and give the public 13 chart hits, most of which are legendary recordings today." Matching that feat, subsequent formations of

3000-593: The first National Historic Landmark was a simple cedar post, placed by the Lewis and Clark Expedition on their 1804 outbound trek to the Pacific in commemoration of the death from natural causes of Sergeant Charles Floyd . The cedar plank was later replaced by a 100 ft (30 m) marble obelisk. The Sergeant Floyd Monument in Sioux City, Iowa , was officially designated on June 30, 1960. NHLs are designated by

3075-444: The group split up, and a new lineup was constructed by Treadwell, consisting of new member Jonah Ellis and former members Ray Lewis, Billy Lewis, and Louis Price. During the next year, more former members came in as replacements, making the group Moore, Billy and Ray Lewis, and Gene Jenkins (replaced shortly after by George Chandler, then John Thurston). Ray Lewis was out in 1988 and was replaced by Joe Cofie. In 1989, Billy Lewis left and

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3150-443: The group's former labels, having recorded new material on Atlantic/Warner in 2009 and on Sony Music in 2011. Dock Green led his group, the Drifters featuring Dock Green, throughout the 1970s and 1980s. That group consisted of Green (lead/baritone), Derek Ventura (lead/tenor), Lloyd Butch Phillips (second tenor), and Bernard Jones (bass/baritone). Green died on March 10, 1989; Phillips died in 2002. Ray Lewis and Roy Hemmings have led

3225-671: The group. In 1972, the Drifters left the Atlantic roster. In 1972, as a by-product of the Northern Soul scene, the group had three big chart hits in the UK with reissued material from the mid-1960s: "Saturday Night At The Movies", "At The Club", and "Come On Over To My Place". None were previously hits in the UK (though they had all been hits in the US), and all went top 10. The Drifters, their career rejuvenated, moved to England and continued with several different vocalists. New material

3300-470: The group. King was only able to record with the group for about a year. Johnny Lee Williams, who sang lead on " (If You Cry) True Love, True Love ", the B-side of " Dance with Me ", handled the vocals on tour along with Charlie Thomas. When the group passed through Williams' hometown of Mobile, Alabama, Williams left the group. Williams died on December 19, 2004, at the age of 64. When King asked Treadwell for

3375-466: The lineup changed rapidly. In 1979, the group was Pinkney, Andrew Lawyer, Chuck Cockerham, Harriel Jackson, and Tony Cook. Their 1995 album Peace in the Valley on Blackberry Records credited vocals to Pinkney, Cockerham, Richard Knight Dunbar, (Vernon Young), and Greg Johnson. They appeared on the 2001 PBS special Doo Wop 51 with Pinkney, Dunbar, Johnson, and Bobby Hendricks. The lineup in the early 2000s

3450-642: The lineup was Bobby Hendricks (lead tenor), Gerhart Thrasher (first tenor), Jimmy Milner (baritone), Tommy Evans (bass), and Jimmy Oliver (guitar). This lineup had one moderate hit, " Drip Drop " (number 58 Pop), released in April 1958. With declining popularity, the last of the original Drifters were reduced to working the club scene and doing double duty with gigs under the Coasters and the Ravens names. By May 1958, both Hendricks and Oliver had quit, returning only for

3525-440: The most prestigious former members of the group. Lifetime achievement awards were presented at this concert to Joe Blunt and Butch Leake by Neil Martin from Sony Music and songwriter Roger Greenway. In 2012, gold discs (100,000 units sold of Up on the Roof, The Very Best Of ) were awarded by Sony Music to Butch Leake, Joe Blunt, and Clyde Brown. This is the only lineup, with the exception of Johnny Moore, to have recorded on both of

3600-411: The movie " The Sandlot " released in 1993. This familiar 90s classic invites the present and future generations to fully understand the appreciation for Ben E. King's timeless voice. To put the icing on the cake, " White Christmas ", has made itself a staple in " Home Alone ", " The Santa Clause ", and "I 'll Be Home for Christmas ." Recent research by Forbes magazine announced that in 2023, "Home Alone"

3675-573: The name, Marshak convinced Hobbs, Thomas, and Green to apply for a trademark on the Drifters name in 1976. The trademark was granted, but due to Treadwell's legal action, it was revoked in 2000 in U.S. federal court. The trio of original Drifters split afterward into separate groups. The Truth in Music Advertising laws were legislated in 35 of the 50 US states from 2005 to 2020 to stop promoters such as Marshak from assembling new groups of musicians and marketing them as well-known groups such as

3750-459: The next year. Pinkney was replaced by Tommy Evans (who had replaced Jimmy Ricks in The Ravens ). Charlie Hughes, a baritone, replaced Andrew Thrasher. Moore, Evans, Gerhart Thrasher, and Charlie Hughes got a top-10 hit in 1957 with " Fools Fall In Love " (number 69 Pop and number 10 R&B). Moore and Hughes were drafted in 1957 and replaced by Bobby Hendricks and Jimmy Milner. By early 1958,

3825-532: The porch's two levels. The house then underwent a major restoration effort, funded by public and private sources, to return it to its 1850s appearance. National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark ( NHL ) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500, or roughly three percent, of over 90,000 places listed on

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3900-417: The right to use the Drifters name. In 1969, magazine editor Larry Marshak planned a series of concerts by the Drifters and other classic vocal groups. He found Dock Green, Charlie Thomas, and Elsbeary Hobbs, and began to promote them as "the Drifters". This brought swift legal action from Faye Treadwell, wife of George Treadwell, who was managing the Drifters. In an attempt to grant his group the sole rights to

3975-587: The rights to the name "Drifters" and still had a year's worth of bookings for the Apollo when he fired the group. In summer 1958, he approached Lover Patterson, the manager of the Five Crowns featuring lead singer Benjamin Earl Nelson—better known by his stage name of Ben E. King —and arranged for them to become the Drifters. The new line-up consisted of King (lead tenor), Charlie Thomas (tenor), Dock Green (baritone), and Elsbeary Hobbs (bass). James "Poppa" Clark

4050-809: The same name. "Money Honey" was a huge success, and propelled the Drifters to immediate fame. More lineup changes followed after Ferbee was involved in an accident and left the group. After Adams died, he was replaced by Jimmy Oliver. Ferbee was not replaced; instead, the voice parts were shifted around. Gerhart Thrasher moved up to first tenor, Andrew Thrasher shifted down to baritone, and Bill Pinkney dropped to bass. This group released several more hits, including " Such A Night " in November 1953, "Honey Love" June 1954, "Bip Bam" October 1954, " White Christmas " November 1954, and " What'cha Gonna Do " in February 1955. McPhatter received his draft letter in March 1954, but as he

4125-523: The same year. By late 1966, baritone/bass Bill Fredericks had replaced William Brent. Charlie Thomas, the group's last member from the Five Crowns, left in mid-1967 and was replaced by Charles Baskerville, a former member of The Limelites. Baskerville stayed only a short time. In May, 1967, George Treadwell died unexpectedly at age 48. His widow, Faye Treadwell, bought out George Treadwell's partners' ownership stakes in The Drifters and took ownership of

4200-420: The sessions, so they hired Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller , who had been successful producing the Coasters . With Leiber and Stoller producing, this new lineup—widely considered the "true" golden age of the group—released several singles with King on lead that became chart hits. " There Goes My Baby ", the first commercial rock-and-roll recording to include a string orchestra , was a top-10 hit, and number 193 on

4275-495: The small log cabin on the property, and mounted it on a tall (one-story in height) stone foundation, added a frame addition to one side, and covered both with a gabled roof. Kennedy died in 1858. John Brown arrived in Maryland in 1859 and rented the house. For three months Brown and his co-conspirators lived here, pretending to be exploring mining opportunities. Supporters arrived, weapons arrived, and they planned an attack on

4350-412: The success of the earlier Drifters group. Baughan left after a short time. Bobby Lee Hollis joined in 1964 and took over the lead spot. Later that year, Andrew Thrasher left and Jimmy Lewis joined the group. Bobby Hendricks returned, making the group a quintet for a short time, before Lewis' departure. Andrew Thrasher returned, replacing Hollis. Hollis and Baughan were periodically with the group through

4425-403: The time of the raid. The farm is now owned by a preservation nonprofit. The Kennedy Farm is a parcel of under 2 acres (0.81 ha) of land on the west side of Chestnut Grove Road, a few miles north of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia , in a rural part of southern Washington County, Maryland . It is part of a much larger farm property that was purchased in 1852 by Dr. Robert Kennedy. Kennedy took

4500-399: Was Pinkney, Cockerham, Dunbar, Young, and Ronald Jackson, the son of singer Ruth Brown and Clyde McPhatter. Pinkney died on July 4, 2007, and his legacy continues via the successfully defended registered federal service mark "Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters". The present Original Drifters lineup is Russell Henry, Chuck Cockerham, Richard Knight Dunbar, and Roger Whitehead. Treadwell owned

4575-414: Was barely known during his time with the Dominoes, and he was sometimes passed off as "Clyde Ward, Billy's little brother". In other instances, people assumed Billy Ward was doing the singing. " Lucille ", written by McPhatter, from the first recording session, was put on the B-side of "Money Honey", making a recording industry rarity; a single released with two songs by two essentially different groups of

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4650-435: Was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974, it was described as a 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story house that used stone, brick and log construction with a stucco overlay. It had four bays, with a double-tiered porch running outside three rooms on the first and second floors. There were two rooms in the attic, and a small shed addition to the rear. An interior stair links the central rooms inside, and an exterior stair links

4725-515: Was initially stationed in Buffalo, New York, he was able to continue with the group for a time. " What'cha Gonna Do ", recorded a year before its release, was McPhatter's last official record as a member of the Drifters, although his first solo release ("Everyone's Laughing" b/w "Hot Ziggety") was from his final Drifters session in October 1954. After completing his military service, McPhatter pursued

4800-684: Was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17, 1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the survey data gathered under this legislation, and the National Historic Landmark program began to take more formal shape. When the National Register of Historic Places was established in 1966, the National Historic Landmark program was encompassed within it, and rules and procedures for inclusion and designation were formalized. Because listings (either on

4875-444: Was mostly responsible for the Dominoes' success. In 1953, Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records attended a Dominoes performance at Birdland , and noticed McPhatter was absent. Jerry Wexler recalled, Ahmet exited Birdland like a shot and headed directly uptown. He raced from bar to bar looking for Clyde and finally found him in a furnished room. That very night, Ahmet reached an agreement with McPhatter under which Clyde would assemble

4950-426: Was not matched in the United States, although they had their biggest successes on the UK singles chart, peaking with the number-two hit " Kissin' in the Back Row of the Movies ". To historians and many fans, "The Drifters" means Clyde McPhatter , although he was with the group for only one year. McPhatter was lead tenor for Billy Ward and His Dominoes for three years, starting in 1950. McPhatter's high-pitched tenor

5025-466: Was out and Jason Leigh was in. Leigh was replaced after two years by the returning Lamarr. Leigh returned on the next tour and Lamarr was replaced by the returning Patrick Alan. On December 30, 1998, the group's longest-serving member, Johnny Moore, died in London. Patrick Alan returned to the group, keeping it a quartet. In 2001, Faye Treadwell left the United Kingdom and apparently abandoned

5100-401: Was replaced by Johnny Terry, who had been an original member of James Brown 's singing group, The Famous Flames (and was co-writer of their first hit, " Please, Please, Please "). After his military service and a failed solo career, Johnny Moore returned in 1964, making the group a quintet of Moore, Thomas, Lewis, Pearson, and Terry. Later that year, the group was scheduled to record " Under

5175-421: Was replaced by Ray Lewis. Blunt and Billy Lewis left in 1979 and were replaced by the returning Johnny Moore and former Temptations lead Louis Price . Moore left again in late 1982, along with Clyde Brown. They were replaced by two returning members, Ben E. King and Bill Fredericks. Fredericks, Lewis, and Price all left in 1983 and were replaced by the returning Johnny Moore, Joe Blunt, and Clyde Brown. In 1986,

5250-446: Was replaced by Victor Bynoe. Hemmings left in 2004 and was replaced by Peter Lamarr. The group's lineup as of 2007 was Peter Lamarr, Rohan Delano Turney, Patrick Alan, and Victor Bynoe. On June 20, 2007, this lineup performed at Prime Minister Tony Blair's Farewell Party in London. In 2008, Faye Treadwell's daughter, Tina Treadwell, won a case in a UK court establishing her ownership of the Treadwell Drifters franchise, so this lineup lost

5325-533: Was replaced by the returning George Chandler, then Tony Jackson, Keith John, and Peter Lamarr in 1990. Thurston was out at the end of the year and was replaced by Roy Hemmings. Patrick Alan was in for Peter Lamarr briefly before Lamarr left in 1991 and was permanently replaced by Rohan Delano Turney. Johnny Stewart joined the group in 1963 and left in 1993 in Las Vegas. He joined The Platters and continued his singing career. This lineup lasted until 1996, when Cofie

5400-500: Was searched immediately, and a trove of John's correspondence and many copies of his provisional constitution were found. These were much reported on in the press and played an important role in trying to find who Brown's financial supporters were. Except for the engine house at the arsenal , which the raiders held for less than a day, the Kennedy Farm is the location most associated with John Brown's raid. It has been added to

5475-494: Was similar to McPhatter's, but his erratic behavior made him difficult to work with and unsuitable in the eyes of Atlantic Records executives. Baughan soon left the group to form the Harps (1955) (finding his way back into Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters in 1958), and was replaced by Johnny Moore (formerly of The Hornets). During September 1955, this lineup recorded an R&B hit with the A side " Adorable " reaching number one and

5550-412: Was the fifth "Crown"; he was not included due to an alcohol problem, which Treadwell had considered to be a problem with the first group. The group went out on the road to tour for almost a year. Since this new group had no connection to the previous Drifters, they often played to hostile audiences. When Atlantic decided to send the new Drifters into the studio, Ertegun and Wexler were too busy to produce

5625-451: Was written and overseen by songwriter/producer (and long-term Drifters fan) Roger Greenaway , usually working in conjunction with other partners. The group issued four albums between 1973 and 1976, and became a major UK chart act, scoring 9 top 40 hits in that same timespan. The hits started with 1973's "Like Sister & Brother" (lead vocal by Fredericks), and included a string of extremely popular numbers sung by Moore, including "Kissin' in

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