The Kerak Inscription , also known as the Kemoshyat inscription , was discovered in 1958 in Jordan , near Wadi el-Kerak . It is a basalt inscription fragment measuring 12.5 centimeters (4.9 in) high by 14 centimeters (5.5 in) wide. The inscription has been dated to the late ninth century BC . The inscription is known as KAI 306.
13-665: The fragment shows a belt, a pleated skirt, and a navel; along the mid-line of the fragment are three lines of Canaanite inscription . The artifact is also known as the El-Kerak / Al-Karak / Karak Inscription . The stone was acquired by the Jordan Archaeological Museum in 1958. It was reportedly found by Falah Qaddur (or Fallah el-Baddour), a bedouin from the Tafilah Governorate . According to Reed and Winnett, Qaddur stated that he had found
26-643: A Canaanite – Aramaic dialect continuum , exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla Inscription . The Northwest Semitic languages are a language group that contains the Aramaic language , as well as the Canaanite languages including Phoenician and Hebrew . The old Aramaic period (850 to 612 BC) saw
39-627: Is present in the inscription at least 3 times, and each time it appears with 4 horizontal strokes. Another difference between the Mesha Stele and the Kerak inscription, is the separation between the words. In the Mesha Stele there are dots, and in the Kerak inscription there are small lines. Provided below is a transcription of the inscription, its transliteration in Hebrew letters, as well as an English translation. Words in brackets are not preserved in
52-527: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Wolfgang Röllig " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
65-459: The " Moabite language " known from only one other artifact - the Mesha Stele . The text of the inscription looks like that of the Mesha Stele, but there is one special feature: the letter He has four horizontal strokes going to the left from the vertical stroke, while a typical He in tenth to fifth century BC northwest Semitic inscriptions contains only three strokes to the left. This letter
78-753: The Phoenician "homeland" was the Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II published in 1855. Fewer than 2,000 inscriptions in Ancient Hebrew , another Canaanite language, are known, of which the vast majority comprise just a single letter or word. The first detailed Ancient Hebrew inscription published was the Royal Steward inscription , found in 1870. The inscriptions written in ancient Northwest Semitic script ( Canaanite and Aramaic ) have been catalogued into multiple corpora (i.e., lists) over
91-641: The corpus of inscriptions only 668 words have been attested , including 321 hapax legomena (words only attested a single time), per Wolfgang Röllig 's analysis in 1983. This compares to the Bible 's 7,000–8,000 words and 1,500 hapax legomena, in Biblical Hebrew . The first published Phoenician-Punic inscription was from the Cippi of Melqart , found in 1694 in Malta ; the first published such inscription from
104-1019: The development of the study of ancient Semitic epigraphy . Wolfgang R%C3%B6llig Look for Wolfgang Röllig on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Wolfgang Röllig in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
117-502: The inscription, but reconstructed, partly by comparison with the Mesha Stele. Canaanite inscription The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions , also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions , are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the societies and histories of the ancient Phoenicians , Hebrews and Arameans . Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca , ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. The older inscriptions form
130-475: The last two centuries. The primary corpora to have been produced are as follows: The inscriptions listed below include those which are mentioned in multiple editions of the corpora above (the numbers in the concordance column cross-refer to the works above), as well as newer inscriptions which have been published since the corpora above were published (references provided individually). They are ordered chronologically by date of their modern discovery, illustrating
143-683: The production and dispersal of inscriptions due to the rise of the Arameans as a major force in Ancient Near East . Their language was adopted as an international language of diplomacy, particularly during the late stages of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as well as the spread of Aramaic speakers from Egypt to Mesopotamia. The first known Aramaic inscription was the Carpentras Stela , found in southern France in 1704; it
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#1732772688334156-667: The stone "in a foundation trench that had been cut for the construction of a new building in Al Karak ." A letter from Awni Dajani, then the head of antiquities at the Jordan Archaeological Museum, stated that the stone was found by Odeh Subh el-Khwalideh (a relative of Qaddur) in the house of Suleiman el-Mubayyedin, near the Roman Pool east of Kerak. The inscription contains 3 incomplete lines, comprising 8 complete words and fragments of 5 more, all written in
169-605: Was considered to be Phoenician text at the time. Only 10,000 inscriptions in Phoenician - Punic , a Canaanite language, are known, such that "Phoenician probably remains the worst transmitted and least known of all Semitic languages." The only other substantial source for Phoenician-Punic are the excerpts in Poenulus , a play written by the Roman writer Plautus (see Punic language § Example for an analysis). Within
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