Kharkiv Oblast ( Ukrainian : Харківська область , romanized : Kharkivska oblast ), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna ( Ukrainian : Харківщина ), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine .
88-474: Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia 's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine. The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in
176-556: A war in eastern Ukraine . In 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion. However, due to fierce Ukrainian resistance and logistical challenges ( e.g. the stalled Russian Kyiv convoy ), the Russian Armed Forces retreated from northern Ukraine in early April. In September 2022, Ukrainian forces launched the Kharkiv counteroffensive and liberated most of that province . Another southern counteroffensive resulted in
264-696: A "List of Landmarks Bordering the Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone". As of 16 September 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has made four updates to order no. 1085-р and law no. 254-VIII: Some settlements' names are the result of 2016 Decommunization in Ukraine . The list below is based on the extension as of 7 February 2018. The borders of some raions have changed since 2015. After Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022,
352-666: A Russian passport can be imprisoned as a "foreign citizen". Ukrainian men who take a Russian passport are then drafted to fight against the Ukrainian army. The UN reports that Ukrainian children are the worst affected. Schools are forced to teach the Russian curriculum, with textbooks that seek to justify the invasion. Children are also enlisted into youth groups that indoctrinate them with Russian nationalism. There are reports of parents who refuse Russian passports having their children taken away from them. The Parliamentary Assembly of
440-498: A failed attempt to create a separatist 'Kharkov's People's Republic'. The region also became a very popular destination for refugees from the Russian-occupied Donetsk and Luhansk Oblast regions. As part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the Russian military launched a major military offensive in the region, which resulted in the occupation of parts of the oblast . By late August, about one third of
528-553: A feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Kharkiv Oblast, Kharkivshchyna . The oblast borders Russia ( Belgorod Oblast ) to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the northwest. The northern and central parts are part of historic Sloboda Ukraine , and
616-528: A further 119,000 km (46,000 sq mi) after its full-scale invasion by March 2022, a total of 161,000 km (62,000 sq mi) or almost 27% of Ukraine. By 11 November 2022, the Institute for the Study of War calculated that Ukrainian forces had liberated an area of 74,443 km (28,743 sq mi) from Russian occupation, leaving Russia with control of about 18% of Ukraine. During
704-497: A landslide victory in the election to succeed interim president Turchynov, three months after the ousting of Yanukovych. The following chart summarizes some estimates of the total area of Ukrainian territory under Russian control, presented by various publishers at different instances during the conflict. Note that some of the estimates from the end of 2022 were conflicting. Since Russia annexed Crimea in March 2014 , it administers
792-495: A result of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the ongoing invasion . In Ukrainian law, they are defined as the " temporarily occupied territories ". As of 2024, Russia occupies almost 20% of Ukraine and about 3 to 3.5 million Ukrainians are estimated to be living under occupation; since the invasion, the occupied territories lost roughly half of their population. The United Nations Human Rights Office reports that Russia
880-461: Is committing severe human rights violations in occupied Ukraine, including arbitrary detentions , enforced disappearances , torture, crackdown on peaceful protest and freedom of speech , enforced Russification , passportization , indoctrination of children, and suppression of Ukrainian language and culture. The occupation began in 2014 with Russia's invasion and annexation of Crimea , and its de facto takeover of Ukraine's Donbas during
968-777: Is committing severe human rights violations in occupied Ukraine. These include arbitrary detentions , torture , looting , and enforced disappearances by Russian soldiers acting with "impunity". Peaceful protests and freedom of speech have been suppressed, while freedom of movement is severely restricted. Anyone suspected of opposing the occupation has been targeted, while people have been "encouraged to inform on one another, leaving them afraid even of their own friends and neighbours". Ukrainians have been coerced into taking Russian passports and becoming Russian citizens. Those who refuse are denied healthcare, freedom of movement, public sector employment and social security benefits. From July 2024, anyone in occupied Ukraine who does not have
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#17327910315881056-725: Is part of the Starobilsk Plain. To the north this transforms into the Central Russian Upland . The territory was formerly part of the Wild Fields , and former administrative units in the territory of the current oblast included Sloboda Ukraine , Slavo-Serbia , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , Donets Governorate and Donetsk Oblast . The oblast originated in 1938 as Voroshylovhrad (Russian: Voroshilovgrad) Oblast ( Ukrainian : Ворошиловградська область , romanized : Voroshylovhradska oblast ) after
1144-413: Is primarily divided into 18 raions (districts), and 37 cities, including 14 cities of regional significance . The administrative center is Luhansk . These raions are listed below with their areas and populations. The province's secondary division consists of various municipalities. Those municipalities may consist of one or more populated places. The municipalities are administratively subordinate to
1232-574: Is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine . Its administrative center is the city of Luhansk . The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name Voroshilovgrad Oblast until 1958 and again from 1970 to 1991. It has a population of 2,102,921 (2022 estimate). Important cities in Luhansk Oblast include Alchevsk , Antratsyt , Brianka , Kadiivka , Kirovsk , Krasnodon , Khrustalnyi , Luhansk, Lysychansk , Pervomaisk , Rovenky , Rubizhne , Sievierodonetsk and Sverdlovsk . All of
1320-531: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine ). In response to Russian military intervention , the Parliament of Ukraine adopted government laws (with further updates and extensions) to qualify the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions as temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories: Petro Poroshenko , one of the opposition leaders during Euromaidan , won
1408-658: The Battle of Velyka Novosilka . As the Russians advanced, there were reports of clashes near Ternove , Novomykolaivka , Kalynivske , Berezove , Stepove and Maliivka , all in Synelnykove Raion , bordering Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk Oblasts, partially occupied by Russian forces. Ukrainian forces reported small battles near the Ternove area on 1 March. Ukrainian forces claimed to have cleared out Russian troops from
1496-686: The Declaration of Independence of Ukraine . A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 4.2% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 71.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond. Following the Euromaidan , there was pro-Russian unrest in the region, and central government buildings were taken over by separatists in
1584-511: The European Council on Foreign Relations pointed out that allowing Russia to annex Crimea in 2014 did not stop further Russian aggression. Opinion polls show that the majority of Ukrainians oppose giving up any of their country for peace. The occupation began on February 24, 2022, immediately after Russian troops invaded Ukraine and began seizing parts of the Kharkiv Oblast. Since April, Russian forces tried to consolidate control in
1672-479: The Holodomor the population of the Kharkiv Oblast together with Kyiv Oblast suffered the most. During World War II , it was the site or large Soviet massacres of Poles ( Piatykhatky ) and German massacres of Jews ( Drobytsky Yar ). The region saw major fighting during World War II in several Battles of Kharkov between 1941 and 1943. During the 1991 referendum , 86.33% of votes in Kharkiv Oblast were in favor of
1760-642: The Minsk Protocol and the OSCE refer to them as "certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions" (CADLR) of Ukraine. The Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories is the Ukrainian government ministry that oversees government policy towards the regions. As of 2019 , the government considered 7% of Ukraine's territory to be under occupation. The United Nations General Assembly resolution 73/194 , adopted on 17 December 2018, designated Crimea as under "temporary occupation". The Ukrainian army
1848-649: The Seven Wonders of Ukraine . It has a regional federation within the Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation . In 2020, 104,900 people aged 15-70 worked in the education sector of the Kharkiv region, or 8.7% of the total number of people employed in the region's economy. At the end of 2020, there were 753 preschool education institutions in the region (11 more institutions compared to 2019), designed for 79.7 thousand places. The number of their pupils
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#17327910315881936-466: The annexation of the entire oblast, along with three others , though the annexation remains internationally unrecognized. As of September 2024, Ukraine is in control of 1.5% of the region, including a few settlements, such as Hrekivka and Nadiia . These areas continue to see active conflict. Luhansk Oblast is in far eastern Ukraine . Its north–south length is 250 km, and east–west width 190 km. It covers an area of 26,700 km , 4.42% of
2024-422: The liberation of Kherson that November. On 30 September 2022, Russia announced the annexation of Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson provinces , despite only occupying part of the claimed territory. The UN General Assembly passed a resolution rejecting this annexation as illegal and upholding Ukraine's right to territorial integrity. As of 2024, Ukraine's peace terms call for Russian forces to leave
2112-573: The ousting of Yanukovych, Russia allegedly supported Russian and pro-Russian militant separatists in the Donbas region in taking control of major government buildings. These separatists eventually created the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, and have since been at conflict with the now-pro-European Ukrainian government, known as the war in Donbas (Russia announced their "annexation" after
2200-572: The Council of Europe recognized Russia's abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children as genocidal. Ukrainian language and media has been replaced by Russian language and media. Russia has been accused of neo-colonialism and colonization in Crimea by enforced Russification , passportization , and by settling Russian citizens on the peninsula and forcing out Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars . United Nations special rapporteurs have condemned
2288-682: The Czech Republic pledged to support the postwar rebuilding of the Luhansk region. On 11 September 2022, there were unconfirmed reports that Bilohorivka near Lysychansk, was recaptured. On 19 September 2022, Ukrainian forces confirmed this. In late September 2022, an annexation referendum was held in Luhansk on joining the Russian Federation, although Ukraine along with the United Nations and most observers declared
2376-572: The Donetsk Oblast was split between Voroshylovhrad and Stalino (today Donetsk Oblast ) oblasts. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland , Starobilsk was the location of a prisoner of war camp for Poles, who were then massacred in the Katyn massacre in 1940. After the invasion by Nazi Germany in 1941, the region came under a German military administration, due to its proximity to frontlines. It
2464-509: The Government of Ukraine recaptured in July 2014. Many universities located in the occupied areas have moved to government-controlled cities such as Sievierodonetsk, Starobilsk or Rubizhne . A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that 5.7% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 84.1% did not support the idea, and
2552-417: The Kharkiv Oblast, in 2019, 31.4878 million passengers traveled through travel transport services, or 96.5% of the total in 2018. The most important highways that pass through the region: Kharkiv - Moscow , Kharkiv- Simferopol , Kharkiv- Rostov-on-Don , Kharkiv- Poltava . The total length of highways in the past is more than 9.7 thousand km, of which 97.5% are on hard surfaces. The length of the autoshlyakh of
2640-587: The Nazi Germany Armed Forces. During the Soviet era, the Oblast bore its current name between 1958 and 1970. In the December 1991 referendum , 83.86% of votes in the oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine . On 8 April 2014, following the annexation of Crimea by Russia , pro-Russian separatists occupying the Luhansk Oblast administrative building planned to declare
2728-725: The Russian Federation. In 2015, the Ukrainian parliament officially set 20 February 2014 as the date of "the beginning of the temporary occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia". The uncontrolled portions of the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts are commonly abbreviated as " ORDLO " from Ukrainian , especially among Ukrainian news media. ("certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts", Ukrainian : Окремі райони Донецької та Луганської областей , romanized : Okremi raiony Donetskoi ta Luhanskoi oblastei ) The term first appeared in Law of Ukraine No.1680-VII (October 2014). Documents of
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2816-582: The Russian military and Russian proxy forces further occupied additional Ukrainian territory. By early April, Russian forces withdrew from Northern Ukraine , including the capital Kyiv , after stagnating progress amid fierce Ukrainian resistance in order to focus on consolidating control over Eastern and Southern Ukraine. On June 2, 2022, Zelenskyy announced that Russia occupied approximately 20% of Ukrainian territory. Before 2022, Russia occupied 42,000 km (16,000 sq mi) of Ukrainian territory (Crimea, and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk), and occupied
2904-505: The Russian occupation authorities for attempting "to erase local [Ukrainian] culture, history, and language" and to forcibly replace it with Russian language and culture. Monuments and places of worship have been razed, while Ukrainian history books and literature deemed to be "extremist" have been seized from public libraries and destroyed. Civil servants and teachers have been detained for their refusal to implement Russian policy. The International Court of Justice ruled that Russia had broken
2992-506: The Sea of Azov, have allegedly been used to disguise the provenance of anthracite coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the temporarily occupied territories. Since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, the Government of Ukraine is issuing (as extension to government order no. 1085-р and law no. 254-VIII) up-to-date "List of Temporarily Occupied Regions and Settlements" and
3080-609: The Svatove–Kreminna line . By May 2024, Ukraine had again lost control of Bilohorivka. The occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast began on February 26, 2022, with Russian troops crossing into the oblast through the Kherson Oblast from Crimea . In March, Russia attempted to advance towards Voznesensk , Mykolaiv and Nova Odesa , but were met with stiff resistance and failed. By May, Russia occupied Snihurivka , Tsentralne , Novopetrivka and numerous other small villages within
3168-492: The Ukrainian forces. During the battles of Lebedyn and Okhtyrka , Sumy Oblast, Russian forces spilled over and attacked Hadiach on 4 March 2022, and captured small areas around it, and advanced near Zinkiv and occupied Pirky on 3 March, but were repelled. They were soon afterwards repelled which was known as the "Hadiach Safari", since people used shotguns and rifles to hunt for Russian soldiers. Some notable areas captured were Pirky and Bobryk . Russia started
3256-551: The Ukrainian military in their bases across the peninsula . Soon after, Russian-installed officials announced and carried out a referendum for the region to join Russia , which western and independent organizations labeled as illegitimate. The Kremlin rejected these claims and soon officially annexed Crimea into Russia , with western nations issuing sanctions against Russia in response . In addition, with pro-Russian counter-protests across Eastern and Southern Ukraine in response to
3344-426: The area on 14 March. These areas alongside Nikopol and Apostolove are still regularly shelled. On 16 March, Russian forces spilled over from Kherson Oblast into Hannivka , reportedly occupying it. It was later liberated on 11 May. Russia started the occupation as part of the northern offensive in the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Russian troops occupied a large part of the oblast, even approaching
3432-466: The borders of Kyiv city proper. However, the invaders' stagnant progress led to their failure to capture the Ukrainian capital , and eventually led to a complete withdrawal from the oblast by early April, ending the occupation. From 24 February to 30 June 2022, Russian forces occupied Snake Island in Odesa Oblast , but later withdrew after suffering heavy missile, artillery and drone strikes from
3520-639: The cities and towns in the oblast, blocking the entrances to them with roadblocks, but not entering the cities themselves. Significant battles were fought for the Antonivskyi Bridge , which crosses the Dnipro River between Russian positions on the South bank and the Ukrainian city of Kherson on the North bank. The Russian military's overwhelming firepower forced the Ukrainian forces to retreat, and
3608-546: The city fell to Russian control on March 2. On June 29, the Russian occupation authorities in Kherson Oblast announced preparations for holding a referendum of annexation . On July 9, the Ukrainian government announced preparations for an imminent counteroffensive in the South , and urged the residents of occupied parts of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts to shelter or evacuate to minimize civilian casualties in
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3696-547: The city of Berdiansk came under Russian control, followed by Melitopol on March 1 after fierce fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces. Russian troops also besieged and captured the city of Enerhodar , where the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant is located, which came under Russian control on March 4. Since July, there have been increased tensions around the power plant as both Russia and Ukraine accuse each other of missile strikes around
3784-528: The city of Kharkiv , the oblast's administrative center . Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially called "oblast centers" ( Ukrainian : обласний центр , translit. oblasnyi tsentr ). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective , formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Kharkiv is the center of the Kharkivs’ka oblast’ (Kharkiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in
3872-554: The dismissal of pro-Russian Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament), as he fled to Russia. The growing pro-European sentiment at the center of this period of upheaval caused unease in the Kremlin , and Russian president Vladimir Putin immediately mobilized Russian army and airborne forces to invade Crimea , and they swiftly took control of major government buildings and blockaded
3960-534: The entire oblast and marked a major milestone for their goal of capturing the Donbas in Eastern Ukraine. However, by September 19, Ukraine recaptured Bilohorivka . By early October, Ukrainian forces liberated several more settlements as their counteroffensive operations shifted focus into the main territory of the oblast, specifically the half north of the Siverskyi Donets in the Battle of
4048-578: The entire territory of the oblast had been "liberated", but three weeks later the governor of the oblast reported heavy fighting was still ongoing. On 4 September, Ukrainian forces launched a counteroffensive in eastern Ukraine and recaptured small parts of Donetsk Oblast and, on 1 October, Lyman . Ukrainian forces also pushed through the stalemate at the Luhansk Oblast border and, most notably, recaptured Bilohirivka while engaging LPR forces in Lysychansk. Since then, there has been continued fighting in
4136-436: The ethnic groups within the Kharkiv Oblast were: Groups by native language: In 2007, there were 700 religious associations in the Kharkiv Oblast, including: Ranked by population, the oblast's 12 largest municipalities are: Kharkiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into seven raions . Prior to the 2020 administrative reform, there were 25 raions, and also seven cities ( municipalities ) that were directly subordinate to
4224-602: The first level of subdivision of Ukraine until 1932. The modern Kharkiv Oblast was established on 27 February 1932. In the summer of 1932, some parts of the oblast were included in the newly created Donetsk Oblast originally centered in Artemivsk (later in Stalino ). Then in the fall, some territories of the Kharkiv Oblast were used in the creation of Chernihiv Oblast . More territories became part of Poltava Oblast in fall of 1937 and Sumy Oblast in winter of 1939. During
4312-459: The following raions of Donetsk Oblast were occupied: After February 24, 2022, the following raions of Donetsk Oblast were captured: By February 24, 2022, the following raions of Luhansk Oblast were occupied: After February 24, 2022, the following raions of Luhansk Oblast were captured: On July 3, 2022, the Russian military claimed that the entire Luhansk Oblast has been "liberated", suggesting that Russian forces has succeeded in occupying
4400-556: The independence of the region as the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic, after other pro-Russian separatists declared Donetsk People's Republic in the Donetsk Oblast (7 April 2014). When the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic ceased to exist, the separatists declared the Luhansk People's Republic on 27 April 2014. They held a disputed referendum on separating from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. The legitimacy of
4488-427: The invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The Russians occupied a small portion of the oblast, and never attempted to capture the oblast capital . Eventually, the culmination of the drive on Kyiv led to their complete withdrawal from the oblast by early April, ending the occupation. ( incorporating a part from [REDACTED] Mykolaiv Oblast ) The United Nations Human Rights Office reports that Russia
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#17327910315884576-439: The land it seized would "reward the aggressor while punishing the victim" and set a dangerous precedent. They predict that this would encourage Russia "to continue its imperialist campaign of expansionism " against Ukraine and its other neighbors, and embolden other expansionist regimes. Zelenskyy commented: "It's the same thing Hitler did, when he said ' give me a part of Czechoslovakia and it'll end here'." Leo Litra of
4664-470: The majority in all raions except for Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion and Krasnodon Raion , both of which are east of Luhansk. Ethnic Russians also constitute the majority in regionally significant cities, such as Krasnodon , Sverdlovsk , Khrustalnyi and Kadiivka . In the 2001 Ukrainian Census, more than 68.8% of the population considered themselves Russian speakers, while 30.0% considered themselves Ukrainian speakers. The Russophone population predominates in
4752-406: The oblast capital , but failed to capture the city . Eventually, their stagnant progress led to their complete withdrawal from the oblast by early April, ending the occupation. By April 2022, Russian troops began to secure towns north of Mariupol , most notably the Battle of Volnovakha , and completed the encirclement of Mariupol . They then began to attack towns to the north, including starting
4840-421: The oblast government ( Chuhuiv , Izium , Kupiansk , Liubotyn , Lozova , Pervomaiskyi , and the administrative center of the oblast, Kharkiv ). The Kharkiv oblast has a primarily industrial economy, including engineering , metallurgy , manufacturing , production of chemicals and food processing . It also has an important agricultural sector with 19,000 square kilometres of arable land (comprising 5.9% of
4928-485: The oblast is in the Donbas region. In 2014, large parts of the oblast, including the capital Luhansk, came under the control of Russian-backed separatists who declared the Luhansk People's Republic , leading to a war against Ukrainian government forces . Since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the oblast has come almost entirely under Russian occupation and has been the scene of heavy fighting , which continues in some places. In late September 2022, Russia declared
5016-612: The oblast is occupied by Russia, which claims the oblast as the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), a self-declared state turned Russian federal subject. The war in Donbas and the subsequent 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine saw heavy fighting in the oblast, with Sievierodonetsk captured in June by Russian and LPR forces after an assault lasting several weeks, and the oblast's last major settlement under Ukrainian control, Lysychansk, captured by Russian and Russia-backed forces on 2 July. The next day, Russia's Minister of Defence announced that
5104-486: The oblast. All these were retaken on 10–11 November 2022 during the Ukrainian counteroffensive, which followed the withdrawal of Russian troops from the right bank of the Dnieper. Raions of Mykolaiv Oblast that are occupied: Russia started the occupation as part of the northern campaign in the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The occupying forces occupied a large part of the oblast, and eventually laid siege to
5192-544: The occupation as part of the northern offensive in the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The Russian military occupied a large part of the oblast, but failed to take the oblast capital . Eventually, the stagnant progress of the Russian Ground Forces led to their complete withdrawal from the oblast by early April, ending the occupation. Russia started the occupation as part of the Northern offensive in
5280-465: The occupied territories. Russia's terms call for it to keep all the land it occupies, and be given all of the provinces that it claims but does not fully control. Several Western-based analysts say that allowing Russia to keep the land it seized would "reward the aggressor while punishing the victim" and encourage further Russian expansionism . With the Euromaidan and Revolution of Dignity since November 2013, popular protests across Ukraine led to
5368-570: The operation. Following the destruction of the Antonivskyi Bridge and the advance of Ukrainian troops from the west, the lack of sustainable supply lines amid heavy Ukrainian shelling compelled the Russian forces to retreat. They eventually retreated from all areas on the North bank of the Dnipro River , including the city of Kherson, which the Ukrainian forces recaptured soon after, known as the liberation of Kherson . Raions of Kherson Oblast that are occupied: On February 26, 2022,
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#17327910315885456-610: The peninsula under two federal subjects : the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol . Ukraine continues to claim the peninsula as an integral part of its territory, which is supported by most foreign governments through the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 , even though Russia and some other UN member states have expressed support for the 2014 Crimean referendum, implying recognition of Crimea as part of
5544-581: The plant, causing fears of a potential repeat of the Chernobyl Disaster . Raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast that are occupied: Since the invasion, the Russian military, along with the Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic , built on territorial gains they have made during the war in Donbas and captured additional territory, most significantly the port of Mariupol after a prolonged siege . By February 24, 2022,
5632-473: The raion in which they are located, with the exception of 14 cities subordinated directly to the oblast. The city of Luhansk is subdivided into its own four city-districts (boroughs). All subdivisions are governed by their respective councils ( radas ). The population is largely Russian-speaking, although ethnic Ukrainians constitute a majority (58.0%). Among the minorities are native Russians (39.1%), Belarusians (0.8%), and others (1.4%). Ukrainians constitute
5720-476: The referendum to be illegitimate and fraudulent. Following the staged victory in the voting, the region and the so-called Luhansk People's Republic were absorbed into Russia. The United Nations General Assembly subsequently passed a resolution calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw". As of 5 October 2022 , nearly all of
5808-544: The referendums was not recognized by any government. Ukraine does not recognize the referendum, while the EU and US said the polls were illegal and fraudulent. Subsequently, the war in Donbas began. As a result of the war in Donbas, Luhansk insurgents control the southern third of the oblast, which includes the city of Luhansk , the region's most populous city and the capital of the oblast. Due to this, most oblast government functions have moved to Sievierodonetsk , which forces of
5896-435: The region and capture the major city of Kharkiv after their withdrawal from Northern Ukraine . However, by mid-May, the Ukrainian forces pushed the Russians back towards the periphery of the Russian border, indicating that Ukrainians continue to garner stiff resistance against Russian advances. In early September 2022, Ukrainian forces began a major counteroffensive and by 11 September 2022, Russia had retreated from most of
5984-660: The region pass two major European routes [REDACTED] E50 and [REDACTED] E40 . There are 24 Russo-Ukrainian international border checkpoints of various entry. Rail transportation is administered by the Donetsk Railway. There is also its regional airport Luhansk International Airport with its own carrier. Specialized The following sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine . Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine The Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are areas of southern and eastern Ukraine that are controlled by Russia as
6072-979: The region, in which 13,700 people studied. At the beginning of the 2020/21 academic year, there were 55 institutions of higher education in the region, and 124,200 people studied in them. In 2020, higher education institutions of the region accepted 29,800 people to study, and graduated 44,000 specialists. Postgraduate students were trained by 55 institutions of higher education and scientific institutions, in which 3,400 postgraduate students received their education. 5.6 thousand people obtained professional preliminary education in 8 educational institutions. More than 19,000 scientific, scientific-pedagogical and pedagogical workers worked in institutions of higher and professional pre-higher education. Luhansk Oblast Luhansk Oblast ( Ukrainian : Луганська область , romanized : Luhanska oblast ; Russian : Луганская область , romanized : Luganskaya oblast ), also referred to as Luhanshchyna ( Луганщина ),
6160-583: The region. During the mid-2022 battle of Donbas , Russian troops attacked and eventually captured the cities of Sieverodonetsk and Lysychansk during May and June 2022 in two of the most significant and most intense battles of the Eastern Ukraine offensive . By 3 July 2022, Russian and allied troops controlled all cities in the oblast. On 4–5 July 2022, during the international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) in Lugano , Finland, Sweden , and
6248-410: The region. By 3 October 2022, Russian forces had almost completely withdrawn from Kharkiv Oblast. As of 2023, fighting continues in the easternmost parts of the oblast in the Battle of the Svatove–Kreminna line . In May 2024, Russia launched a renewed offensive in Kharkiv Oblast. Its population in 2001 was 2,895,800 million (1,328,900 males (45.9%) and 1,566,900 females (54.1%)). At the 2001 census,
6336-541: The remaining 13% reside in agricultural areas. Age structure Median age Economically the region is connected with the Donets Basin . Extractive industry Machine building Metallurgy Chemicals and oil refining Agriculture The oblast has post industrial sites which run off building material into surrounding land. Yakymchuk 2018 finds feral stands of Triticum aestivum have colonised several of these sites. Power generation Through
6424-421: The rest were undecided or did not respond. Insurgent-controlled areas were not polled. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Russian ground forces entered the occupied territory of Luhansk Oblast by crossing the Russian border on 22 February 2022. They invaded government-controlled territory across the line of contact and the Russian border on 24 February. As of 26 May 2022 they had occupied all but 5% of
6512-494: The settlements it previously occupied in the oblast and the Russian Ministry of Defense announced a formal withdrawal of Russian forces from most of Kharkiv Oblast stating that an "operation to curtail and transfer troops" was underway." By 12 September 2022, as the Russian front lines in Kharkiv Oblast continued to collapse, Ukrainian forces had managed to push back to the northeastern border with Russia in some areas of
6600-414: The settlements it previously occupied in the oblast, and the Russian Ministry of Defense announced a formal withdrawal of Russian forces from nearly all of Kharkiv Oblast stating that an "operation to curtail and transfer troops" was underway." On February 24, 2022, Russian troops from Crimea invaded Henichesk and Skadovsk Raions. During the first days of the offensive, the Russians surrounded most of
6688-603: The south. The region is located in the valley of the Siversky Donets river, which flows west to east through the oblast and splits it approximately in half. The southern portion of the region is elevated by the Donetsk Ridge, which is close to the southern border. The highest point is Mohyla Mechetna (367 m (1,204 ft)), the highest point of Donetsk Ridge. The left bank of the Siversky Donets
6776-547: The southern part is part of historic Zaporizhzhia . During the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929 , the Kharkov Governorate was abolished in 1925 leaving its five okruhas : Okhtyrka (originally Bohodukhiv), Izium, Kupiansk, Sumy, and Kharkiv. Introduced in the Soviet Union in 1923, a similar subdivisions existed in Ukraine back in 1918. In 1930 all okruhas were also abolished with raions becoming
6864-430: The southern portion of the region and around the city of Luhansk, while the northern region is less populated, mostly agricultural and Ukrainophone. Its population (as of 2004) of 2,461,506 constitutes 5.13% of the overall Ukrainian population. The Luhansk Oblast rates fifth in Ukraine by the number of its inhabitants, having an average population density of 90.28/km . About 87% of the population lives in urban areas, while
6952-490: The sovereign venue in the Kharkiv Oblast is 2343.9 km, including 617.4 km - the MITERNINI, 108.2 km - National Monalni, 639.1 km - regions, 979.2 km - Teritorialne. On highways of national importance in the region there are 242 bridges with a total length of 1316.3 linear meters. m. Kharkiv airport serves domestic and international airlines, mainly engaged in passenger transportation. The following sites were nominated for
7040-531: The territory of Kharkiv Oblast was occupied including Izium and Kupiansk . In July 2022, the Donetsk People's Republic signed a memorandum to "liberate Kharkiv from Ukraine". In early September 2022, the Ukrainian military commenced a counteroffensive in the region. Several settlements in the region were recaptured from Russian control. By 10 September 2022, Ukraine had recaptured Kupiansk and Izium . On 11 September, Russia had retreated from many of
7128-416: The total arable lands of Ukraine). Agricultural production grew substantially in 2015. Also in Kharkiv is the airplane plant for space controlling systems. It is a major center for all branches of engineering, from large-scale manufacture to microelectronics. Also situated in Kharkiv Oblast is a gas field, which is one of the biggest in Ukraine. The Kharkiv Oblast has an undeveloped transport network, 60% of
7216-420: The total area of Ukraine. The oblast has the longest segment of Ukraine's international border with Russia among other regions ( see State Border of Ukraine ), consisting of 746 km (464 mi). The abutting Russian oblasts are Belgorod Oblast to the north, Voronezh Oblast to the northeast, Rostov Oblast to the east. Abutting Ukrainian oblasts are Kharkiv Oblast to the west, and Donetsk Oblast to
7304-408: The total transportation falls on the part of the rail transport . At the end of 2020, the operational life of the salivary lines of the gas station on the territory of the Kharkiv region was 1520 km. Kharkiv Salvage University serves 10 million passengers on the river, road transport , sedation, buses - about 12 million. The largest salvage stations are Izium , Kupiansk , Liubotyn , Lozova . In
7392-615: The western parts of the region in a renewed Luhansk Oblast campaign . Like the other provinces of Ukraine, Luhansk Oblast has a double jurisdiction. The oblast is predominantly administrated by the Luhansk Oblast State Administration, headed by the governor of the oblast , who is appointed by the President of Ukraine . The province has a representative body, the provincial council, which is headed by its chairman and elected by popular vote. The province
7480-465: The whole of 2023, Russian forces only captured 518 km (200 sq mi) of Ukrainian territory, despite huge losses on the battlefield. As of 2024, Ukraine's peace terms include Russia withdrawing its troops from the occupied territories. Russia's terms include Russia keeping all the land it occupies, and being given all of the provinces that it claims but does not fully control. Several Western-based analysts say that allowing Russia to keep
7568-468: Was 74,100 children (3,400 less than in 2019). At the beginning of the 2020/21 academic year, there were 734 institutions of general secondary education in Kharkiv region, 258,800 students studied in them and 22,700 teachers (including part-time teachers) worked in them. In 2020, 14,300 graduates received a certificate of complete general secondary education. At the end of 2020, there were 39 institutions of professional (vocational and technical) education in
7656-510: Was concerned in 2019 about the deployment of 3M-54 Kalibr cruise missiles on Russian naval and coast guard vessels operating in the Sea of Azov , which is adjacent to the temporarily occupied territories. As a result, Mariupol and Berdiansk , two main Pryazovian seaports, suffer from an increase in insecurity (both cities were captured in 2022). Temryuk and Taganrog , two other ports on
7744-410: Was occupied at the end of 1942 as part of Case Blue German offensive directed towards Stalingrad . Soon after the battle of Stalingrad , the Luhansk (at that time Voroshilovgrad in honor of Kliment Voroshilov ) region again became the center of military operations during the Soviet counter-offensive operation Little Saturn in the spring of 1943. In the summer of 1943, the region was liberated from
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