Karl Knutsson Bonde ( c. 1408–1470), also known as Charles VIII and called Charles I in Norwegian contexts, was King of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465 and 1467–1470) and King of Norway (1449–1450).
29-579: (Redirected from King Charles VIII ) Charles VIII may refer to: Charles VIII of Sweden (1409–1470), Charles II of Sweden, Charles I of Norway Charles VIII of France (1470–1498), "the Affable" Carlos VIII (disambiguation) , regnal name of two claimants to the Spanish throne See also [ edit ] King Charles (disambiguation) Charles , given name [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
58-676: A brief poem: When I was Lord of Fågelvik, (pronounced: foegle-veek ) Then I had wealth and might unique. But once I was King of the Swedish land, I was a poor and unhappy man. Karl's great-granddaughter Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna was married to Sten Sture the Younger whose regentship represented similar values: nationalism and Swedish independence. Though the Bonde family, not descendants of Karl Knutsson himself but just his collateral relatives, remained prominent among
87-435: A fictitious history of Sweden. Six others before Charles VII are unknown to any sources before Johannes Magnus 's 16th century book Historia de omnibus gothorum sueonumque regibus , and are considered his invention. Karl Knutsson was the first Swedish monarch of the name to actually use a regnal number as Karl II (later retrospectively renumbered VIII), on his wife's tombstone (1451) at Vadstena . Karl represented
116-528: A growing nationalist tendency among the Swedish aristocracy which tried first to subjugate the other Scandinavian countries under Sweden but soon focused on dissolving the Kalmar Union . In the next century, when the union was finally dissolved, he received some respect as an early champion of Swedish independence. Karl's fight for power and kingship was more successful than his experience thereof. He allegedly recognized this himself and described his life in
145-504: A growing opposition against Karl emerged among the nobility in Sweden. The strongest opponent was the Swedish church which opposed his efforts to concentrate royal and secular power. Other opponents were the family group of Oxenstierna and the House of Vasa , which had been on the opposing side in the election of king and lost. During the next 20 years, Karl was deposed twice, only to regain
174-600: A national hero, depicted as a public protector and an opponent of the Kalmar Union. His rebellion came to be seen as the start of the Swedish national awakening , which would triumph in the following century with the victory of King Gustav Vasa (reigned 1523–1560). Engelbrekt himself had no such ideas, which must have been anachronistic at the time; however his rebellion gave peasants a voice in Swedish politics which they never lost afterwards. The Engelbrekt rebellion caused
203-414: A ship. The killing is considered by some historians to have been an assassination . Engelbrekt was buried in Örebro at Saint Nicholas Church . Måns Bengtsson was a Swedish knight and chief judge in the traditional Swedish province of Närke . He was a member of the family Natt och Dag , a family from Östergötland which belongs to the Swedish noble class. Over the next few decades Engelbrekt became
232-573: A triangle. Engelbrekt was dissatisfied by the numerous offences of the Danish local bailiffs and heavy taxation. In 1434 he started a rebellion with the support of mine workers and peasants from his home area. The background was the widespread discontent against the king's bailiff in Västerås , Jösse Eriksson [ sv ] , who was blamed for the distress that mining men suffered under his rule. Following formal complaints made by Engelbrekt on
261-479: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Charles VIII of Sweden Karl Knutsson Bonde was born in October 1408 or 1409, at Ekholmen Castle , the son of Knut Tordsson ( Bonde ), knight and member of the privy council ( riksråd ), and Margareta Karlsdotter (Sparre av Tofta), the only daughter and heiress of Karl Ulfsson, Lord of Tofta . His father Knut
290-466: The Archbishop because of his taxation policies. The Archbishop was imprisoned, which resulted in a rebellion by his relatives, and led to Christian being driven out of Sweden. Karl was recalled by the rebels and returned at the head of a force of German and Polish mercenaries. Upon arrival in Sweden, he found himself at war with the Archbishop, and after two bloody battles in the winter of 1464–1465, he
319-433: The Swedish nobility and in politics into the 20th Century, Karl's own descendants did not ascend nor inherit any thrones until Prince Christian zu Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg became Christian IX of Denmark in 1863. Karl's descendants have since ascended the thrones of Norway, Greece and Great Britain, Brunswick, Luxembourg, Belgium, Spain, Romania and Russia Empire together with Grand Duchy of Finland. Nicholas II
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#1732772938734348-561: The background of the Kalmar Union. In 1435 Engelbrekt was appointed Rikshövitsman [ sv ] , Commander in chief, at a Riksdag in Arboga that is often considered the first Riksdag in Sweden. However, he was not able to withstand the Swedish nobility, who wanted to exploit the rebellion. He was somewhat forced into the background. The nobility and clergy decided to support Karl Knutsson Bonde , who in 1436 supplanted Engelbrekt as Rikshövitsman. Jösse Eriksson returned to Sweden
377-418: The bailiff's castle. The Riksråd fired Jösse and replaced him with Hans von Eberstein. However, Engelbrekt was not satisfied since Jösse had not been prosecuted for his admitted crimes. A host of dalecarlians and västmanlanders destroyed the castles of Borganäs and Köpingshus. At this point, many nobles joined the rebels. The rebellion grew into a massive force sweeping the country. The uprising took place against
406-485: The behalf of the mining men an inquiry was made by Erik of Pomerania which eventually found that Jösse's actions were criminal. Despite this Jösse was not replaced which led to a large host of peasants going to Västerås to protest. While the Riksråd intervened to peacefully resolve the protests, no actions were taken against the bailiff. In the spring of 1433 the protests escalated into violence and Dalecarlians besieged
435-654: The region as the Hanseatic League , the Russian city of Novgorod and the Teutonic Knights in what are today Estonia and Latvia . At the death of Christopher in 1448, without a direct heir, Karl was elected king of Sweden on 20 June, and on 28 June, he was hailed as the new monarch at the Stones of Mora , not far from Uppsala , mostly due to his own military troops being present at the place, against
464-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_VIII&oldid=1213410506 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
493-517: The same year he assumed one of its most senior offices, Lord High Constable of Sweden , or Riksmarsk . Because of the growing dissatisfaction with King Eric of Pomerania among the Swedish nobility , Karl was in 1436 made Rikshövitsman , an office equating to Military Governor of the Realm , and finally replaced the king as an elected regent from 1438 to 1440, as the result of the rebellion by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson . During Karl's brief regentship,
522-572: The same year, but was lynched by peasants in Motala after presenting him to the local thing who condemned him to death. On 4 May 1436 Engelbrekt was murdered at Engelbrektsholmen [ sv ] , an islet in Lake Hjälmaren , by the aristocrat Måns Bengtsson (Natt och Dag) [ sv ] , who lived in the nearby Göksholm Castle. Måns's father had been involved in a legal dispute with Engelbrekt regarding an illegal burning of
551-586: The so-called Rebellion of David (a peasant rebellion) took place in Finland. Eric of Pomerania was forced to step down from the throne and in 1440 Christopher of Bavaria , was elected king of Sweden , Norway and Denmark . At the coronation of Christopher in September 1441, Karl was dubbed a knight and appointed Lord High Justiciar of Sweden , or Riksdrots . In October he resigned as Lord High Justiciar and resumed his office as Lord High Constable. From 1442, he
580-532: The throne and reign three times (1448–1457, 1464–65, 1467–1470). In 1457, a rebellion took place, led by Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) and a nobleman, Erik Axelsson Tott . Karl went into exile to Danzig (Gdańsk). The two leaders of the revolt took the regentship, and organized the election of Christian I of Denmark as king (firstly in Turku, then in Stockholm). In 1463, King Christian quarrelled with
609-551: The wishes of regents Bengt and Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna). The Danish had in September 1448 elected Christian I as their new monarch. A rivalry ensued between Karl and Christian for the throne of Norway, which had also been ruled by Christopher, with both kings gaining support from various factions in the Norwegian Council of the realm . In 1449, a portion of the Norwegian council elected Karl as king of Norway, and he
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#1732772938734638-663: Was again exiled. In 1467, the regent Erik Axelsson Tott, now having reverted to support Karl Knutsson, once more had him crowned. He then reigned for three years, sharing power with the Riksråd, until his death in Stockholm in May 1470. With his wife Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke), Karl had: With his wife Catherine , he had: With his mistress Christina Abrahamsdotter , he had: Karl was survived by only one son, born of Christina Abrahamsdotter, whom he married on his deathbed. Though she
667-596: Was crowned in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 20 November. However, Christian also continued pursuing his claim to Norway. The Swedish aristocracy was reluctant to back Karl in a war against Denmark over Norway, and already in June 1450, he was forced to relinquish the throne of Norway in favour of Christian. From 1451, Sweden and Denmark were in state of war against each other. Because of devastating warring,
696-427: Was first cousin of Erik Johansson Vasa 's father. His first marriage, in 1428, to Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke) (died 1436) gave him his daughter Christina. His second marriage, in 1438, to Catherine (Gumsehuvud, died in 1450) produced his second daughter Magdalena , who married Ivar Axelsson (Tott) . He also had two children by his third wife (and former mistress) Christina Abrahamsdotter , Anna and Karl. His father
725-484: Was recognized as queen, the Swedish government did not allow the suddenly legitimized boy to succeed him, but appointed one of their number, Sten Sture the Elder (who was Karl's nephew), as regent. Karl Knutsson was the second Swedish king by the name of Karl (sometimes anglicized as Charles ). Charles VIII is a posthumous invention, counting backwards from Charles IX (r. 1604–1611) who adopted his numeral according to
754-529: Was said by contemporary legends to descend from a younger brother of King Eric IX (Saint Eric). His mother, an important heiress, descended from Jarl Karl the Deaf and consequently from some ancient Folkunge earls of Sweden, as well as from Ingegerd Knutsdotter , a daughter of Canute IV of Denmark and Adela of Flanders . In 1434, Karl became a member of the Privy Council of Sweden and in October of
783-588: Was the first direct descendant on the Finnish throne. His distant direct descendant, Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , married the Hereditary Prince of Sweden in the 20th century, and with the accession of Sibylla's son, Carl XVI Gustav , Karl Knutsson's blood returned to the Swedish throne. Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390s – 4 May 1436) was a Swedish nobleman, rebel leader and military leader of German ancestry. He
812-556: Was the leader of the Engelbrekt rebellion in 1434 against Eric of Pomerania , king of the Kalmar Union . Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson was the owner of a mine and ironworks in the historic mining region of Bergslagen . He was from the parish of Norberg ( Norbergs socken ) in Västmanland . His family originally came from Germany, having migrated to Sweden in the 1360s. The family coat of arms shows three half-lilies formed into
841-627: Was the military governor, hövitsman , at Viborg in Finland ( Fief of Viborg ). Karl acquired extensive fiefs, for example in Western Finland. His first seat was in Turku. Soon, Christopher's government began to take back fiefs and positions and he was forced to give up the castle of Turku . Karl's next seat was the castle of Viborg , on Finland's eastern border, where he kept an independent court, taking no heed of Christopher and exercising his own foreign policy in relation to such powers in
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