81-772: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is a national memorial located in West Potomac Park next to the National Mall in Washington, D.C. , United States. It covers four acres (1.6 ha) and includes the Stone of Hope , a granite statue of civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. carved by sculptor Lei Yixin . The inspiration for the memorial design is a line from King's " I Have
162-529: A sic' , emerged in 1889, E. Belfort Bax 's work in The Ethics of Socialism being an early example. On occasion, sic has been misidentified as an acronym (and therefore sometimes misspelled with periods): s.i.c. is said to stand for "spelled/said in copy/context", "spelling is correct", "spelled incorrectly", and other such folk etymology phrases. These are all incorrect and are simply backronyms from sic . Use of sic greatly increased in
243-659: A Dream " speech: "Out of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope." The memorial opened to the public on August 22, 2011, after more than two decades of planning, fundraising, and construction. This national memorial is the 395th unit in the United States National Park Service . The monumental memorial is located at the northwest corner of the Tidal Basin near the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial , on
324-473: A United States national park on that day. The National Park Service has administered the memorial since it opened, and assumes responsibility for the memorial's operation and maintenance. On August 28, Bob Vogel, superintendent of the National Mall and Memorial Parks unit of the National Park Service proclaimed: From World War II to Vietnam Veterans, from Lincoln to Jefferson and now to King,
405-665: A compromise was reached, which involved the use of landscaping to make the security barriers appear less intrusive upon the area. The compromise plan was approved in October 2009, clearing the way for construction of the memorial to begin. It was announced in January 2007 that Lei Yixin , an artist from the People's Republic of China, would sculpt the centerpiece of the memorial including the Stone of Hope , his statue of King. The commission
486-672: A day-long youth event and gala/pre-dedication dinner at the Washington D.C. Convention Center , also on the 27th. However, the prayer service was moved to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in northeast Washington after the 2011 Virginia earthquake damaged the Cathedral on August 23. Although the dedication ceremony did not take place on August 28, the memorial officially became
567-451: A failure; he didn't say this is too hard; he didn't say, let's settle for what we got and go home. Instead he said, let's take those victories and broaden our mission to achieve not just civil and political equality but also economic justice; let's fight for a living wage and better schools and jobs for all who are willing to work. In other words, when met with hardship, when confronting disappointment, Dr. King refused to accept what he called
648-426: A man and a movement that did so much for this country, let us draw strength from those earlier struggles. First and foremost, let us remember that change has never been quick. Change has never been simple, or without controversy. Change depends on persistence. Change requires determination. It took a full decade before the moral guidance of Brown v. Board of Education was translated into the enforcement measures of
729-587: A memorial in honor of Martin Luther King Jr. is one that captures the essence of his message, a message in which he so eloquently affirms the commanding tenants [ sic ] of the American Dream – Freedom, Democracy and Opportunity for All; a noble quest that gained him the Nobel Peace Prize and one that continues to influence people and societies throughout the world. Upon reflection, we are reminded that Dr. King's lifelong dedication to
810-441: A parenthetical sentence only when used after a complete sentence, like so: ( Sic. ) Some guides, including The Chicago Manual of Style , recommend "quiet copy-editing " (unless where inappropriate or uncertain) instead of inserting a bracketed sic , such as by substituting in brackets the correct word in place of the incorrect word or by simply replacing an incorrect spelling with the correct one. Alternatively, to show both
891-519: A penny." He added that King would have been "absolutely scandalized by the profiteering behavior of his children." The family pledged that any money derived would go back to the King Center's charitable efforts. The foundation has paid various fees to the King family's Intellectual Properties Management Inc., including a management fee of $ 71,700 in 2003 (equivalent to $ 118,800 in 2023). In 2009,
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#1732798443143972-717: A permanent memorial to King in Washington, D.C. in his honour. The fraternity's efforts gained momentum in 1986, the first year King's birthday was celebrated as the federal holiday of Martin Luther King Jr. Day . In 1996, the United States Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior to permit Alpha Phi Alpha to establish a memorial on Department of Interior lands in the District of Columbia, giving
1053-607: A set path to follow the quotations, instead being able to start reading at any point. Because the main theme of the Memorial is linked to King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech, none of the quotations on the Inscription Wall come from that speech. The selection of quotes was announced at a special event at the National Building Museum on February 9, 2007 (at the same time the identity of the sculptor
1134-602: A sightline linking the Lincoln Memorial to the northwest and the Jefferson Memorial to the southeast. The official address of the monument, 1964 Independence Avenue , S.W., commemorates the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . A ceremony dedicating the memorial was scheduled for Sunday, August 28, 2011, the 48th anniversary of the " I Have a Dream " speech that Martin Luther King Jr. delivered from
1215-533: A speech like "I Have a Dream" or the Nobel Peace Prize: We don't even see his feet. He is embedded in the rock like something not yet fully born, suited and stern, rising from its roughly chiseled surface. His face is uncompromising, determined, his eyes fixed in the distance, not far from where Jefferson stands across the water. But kitsch here strains at the limits of resemblance: Is this the Dr. King of
1296-649: A way. The King Memorial is administered by the National Park Service (NPS). Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968), an American clergyman , activist, and prominent leader in the Civil Rights Movement , was an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, and advocated for using nonviolent resistance, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi . Although during his life he
1377-481: Is a paraphrased version of a longer quote by King: "If you want to say that I was a drum major, say that I was a drum major for justice. Say that I was a drum major for peace. I was a drum major for righteousness. And all of the other shallow things will not matter." The memorial's use of the paraphrased version of the quote was criticized, and was removed in August 2013. Artists involved in the design and construction of
1458-524: Is a result of an early effort of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity to erect a monument to King. King was a member of the fraternity, initiated into the organization via Sigma Chapter on June 22, 1952, while he was attending Boston University completing his doctoral studies. King remained involved with the fraternity after the completion of his studies, including delivering the keynote speech at the fraternity's 50th anniversary banquet in 1956. Following King's assassination in 1968, Alpha Phi Alpha proposed erecting
1539-763: Is envisioned as a quiet and peaceful space. Yet drawing from Dr. King's speeches and using his own rich language, the King Memorial will almost certainly change the heart of every person who visits. Against the backdrop of the Lincoln Memorial, with stunning views of the Tidal Basin and the Jefferson Memorial, the Memorial will be a public sanctuary where future generations of Americans, regardless of race, religion, gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation, can come to honor Dr. King. The memorial
1620-688: Is governed by the Commemorative Works Act , while outside the District there are no systematic regulations. Among the NPS national memorials and affiliated areas, ten celebrate US presidents , eleven recognize other historic figures, six commemorate wars, five memorialize disasters, and five represent early exploration. Eleven of the twenty-two non-NPS memorials commemorate wars or veterans, another ten represent groups of people who died for related reasons, and one relates to Native American history. Several major war memorials are located on or near
1701-403: Is most often inserted into quoted or reprinted material to indicate meticulous accuracy in reproducing the preceding text, despite appearances to the reader of an incorrect or unusual orthography ( spelling , punctuation , grammar, syntax, fact, logic, etc.). Several usage guides recommend that a bracketed sic be used primarily as an aid to the reader, not as an indicator of disagreement with
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#17327984431431782-475: Is one in which everybody gets a fair shake and everybody does their fair share, let us not be trapped by what is. We can't be discouraged by what is. We've got to keep pushing for what ought to be, the America we ought to leave to our children, mindful that the hardships we face are nothing compared to those Dr. King and his fellow marchers faced 50 years ago, and that if we maintain our faith, in ourselves and in
1863-695: Is the first memorial to an African American on or near the National Mall. The memorial is not the first to honor a non-United States president on or near the National Mall, as it was preceded by three other such memorials: the John Paul Jones Memorial , erected in 1912 near the Tidal Basin in memory of John Paul Jones , the Scottish-born American naval hero who served during the American Revolution ;
1944-696: Is the uniquely designated Washington Monument , which was completed in 1884 and transferred to the NPS in 1933. The most recently established is the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial , dedicated in 2020. The Pearl Harbor National Memorial was created out of the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument in 2019 and was previously just the USS Arizona Memorial . The NPS national memorials are in 15 states and
2025-426: Is to inform the reader that any errors in a quotation did not arise from editorial errors in the transcription, but are intentionally reproduced as they appear in the source text being quoted; thus, sic is placed inside brackets to indicate it is not part of the quotation. Sic can also be used derisively to direct the reader's attention to the writer's spelling mistakes and erroneous logic, or to show disapproval of
2106-799: Is to pay an onerous fee to the King family." Joseph Lowery , past president of the King-founded Southern Christian Leadership Conference stated in The Washington Post , "If nobody's going to make money off of it, why should anyone get a fee?" Cambridge University historian David Garrow , who won a Pulitzer Prize for Bearing the Cross , his biography of King, said of King's family's behavior, "One would think any family would be so thrilled to have their forefather celebrated and memorialized in D.C. that it would never dawn on them to ask for
2187-584: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , The Walt Disney Company Foundation, the NBA , NFL Players Association , National Association of Realtors , and filmmakers George Lucas and Steven Spielberg . The figure also includes $ 10 million in matching funds provided by the United States Congress. In October 2009, the memorial's final project was approved by federal agencies and a building permit
2268-535: The District of Columbia . Washington, D.C., has the most, twelve, followed by Pennsylvania and New York , each with three. The affiliated areas are in four states (two additional beyond those with NPS memorials) and the Northern Mariana Islands , while the other sites are in nine states (five additional), the District of Columbia, and Midway Atoll . Creation of new memorials in Washington, D.C.
2349-939: The John Ericsson Memorial , authorized in 1916 to honor John Ericsson , the Swedish-born engineer and inventor who designed the USS ; Monitor during the Civil War; and the George Mason Memorial , authorized in 1990 to honor George Mason , author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights (the basis for the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights ), near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Fourteen quotes from King's speeches, sermons, and writings are inscribed on
2430-453: The Lincoln Memorial , on whose steps King gave his " I Have a Dream " speech at the March on Washington, to the Jefferson Memorial . The centerpiece for the memorial is based on a line from King's "I Have A Dream" speech: "Out of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope." A 30-foot (9.1 m)-high relief of King named the Stone of Hope stands past two other pieces of granite that symbolize
2511-519: The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) approved the site location for the memorial. The memorial's design, by ROMA Design Group , a San Francisco -based architecture firm, was selected out of 900 candidates from 52 countries. On December 4, 2000, a marble and bronze plaque was laid by Alpha Phi Alpha to dedicate the site where the memorial was to be built. Soon thereafter, a full-time fundraising team began
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-557: The National Mall , contributing to the national identity . The historic areas within the National Park System are automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places . "National Memorial" is omitted below in the names of sites that include it; others may separate the two words or just use "Memorial", and there is also one international memorial included. Private and other organizations may use
2673-639: The Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. At the time of his death, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War . King was backing the Memphis sanitation strike and organizing a mass occupation of Washington, D.C. – the Poor People's Campaign – when he
2754-531: The late-2000s recession . Jesse Jackson , Andrew Young , Al Sharpton and Martin Luther King III also spoke during the ceremony. Aretha Franklin , Stevie Wonder , Sheryl Crow , James Taylor , Jennifer Holliday and Sweet Honey in the Rock performed. At the ceremony, President Obama's keynote address included the following remarks: Our work is not done. And so on this day, in which we celebrate
2835-458: The other national memorials . A few additional units, including Fort McHenry National Monument , include "national memorial" in their enabling legislation, but are not otherwise called that and are thus not listed here. The National Park Service provides technical or financial assistance to affiliated areas but does not own or administer them. Congress has designated a number of sites as national memorials but not as units or affiliated areas of
2916-520: The "I Have a Dream" speech? Or the writer of the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech? National memorial (United States) Download coordinates as: National memorial is a designation in the United States for an officially recognized area that memorializes a historic person or event. As of September 2020 the National Park Service (NPS), an agency of the Department of
2997-412: The "isness" of today. He kept pushing towards the "oughtness" of tomorrow. And so, as we think about all the work that we must do – rebuilding an economy that can compete on a global stage, and fixing our schools so that every child – not just some, but every child – gets a world-class education, and making sure that our health care system is affordable and accessible to all, and that our economic system
3078-731: The "mountain of despair." Pale pink granite was used to create the Stone of Hope to ensure that the carving's details would be visible at night, and to contrast with the Mountain of Despair. Visitors figuratively "pass through" the Mountain of Despair on the way to the Stone of Hope , symbolically "moving through the struggle as Dr. King did during his life." Stone of Hope is carved out of granite from China's Fujian Province . A 450 feet (140 m)-long inscription wall includes excerpts from many of King's sermons and speeches. On this crescent-shaped granite wall, fourteen of King's quotes are inscribed,
3159-470: The Associated Press revealed that the King family had negotiated an $ 800,000 licensing deal (equivalent to $ 1,136,000 in 2023) with the foundation for the use of King's words and image in fundraising materials for the memorial. Further delay was encountered in 2008, due to a disagreement between the three federal agencies that must approve the memorial. The memorial design that was approved by
3240-548: The CFA and the NCPC was not approved by the NPS, due to security concerns. The NPS insisted upon the inclusion of a barrier that would prevent a vehicle from crashing into the memorial area. However, when the original design was submitted to the other two agencies, including such a barrier, the CFA and the NCPC rejected the barrier as being restrictive in nature, which would run counter to King's philosophy of freedom and openness. Eventually,
3321-539: The Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, but those 10 long years did not lead Dr. King to give up. He kept on pushing, he kept on speaking, he kept on marching until change finally came. And then when, even after the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act passed, African Americans still found themselves trapped in pockets of poverty across the country, Dr. King didn't say those laws were
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-399: The Inscription Wall, each side of the Stone of Hope includes an additional statement attributed to King. The first, from the "I Have a Dream" speech, is "Out of the Mountain of Despair, a Stone of Hope" – the quotation that serves as the basis for the monument's design. The words on the other side of the stone used to read, "I Was a Drum Major for Justice, Peace, and Righteousness", which
3483-411: The Inscription Wall. The "Council of Historians" created to choose the quotations included Maya Angelou , Lerone Bennett , Clayborne Carson , Henry Louis Gates , Marianne Williamson and others, though the memorial's executive architect stated that Maya Angelou did not attend the meetings at which the quotations were selected. According to the official National Park Service brochure for the Memorial,
3564-423: The Interior , owns and administers thirty-one memorials as official units and provides assistance for five more, known as affiliated areas, that are operated by other organizations. Congress has also designated twenty-two additional independently operated sites as national memorials. Another five memorials have been authorized and are in the planning stage. Memorials need not be located on a site directly related to
3645-507: The National Park Service. While some are maintained by other federal agencies, most of these were created by local governments or private organizations which sought federal designation for wider and official recognition; the naming typically does not come with federal funding, but Congress has provided funds or allowed private fundraising for certain memorial sites. The Department of the Interior has noted that Congressional designation of private or local government sites as "National" may mislead
3726-561: The anniversary of King's death. This memorial is not the first in Washington, D.C., to honor an African American, as it was preceded by a memorial to Mary McLeod Bethune , founder of the National Council of Negro Women , who also served as an unofficial advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A 17 feet (5.2 m)-tall bronze statue of her is located in Lincoln Park , East Capitol St. and 12th St., NE. The King Memorial
3807-680: The content or form of the material. In the English language, the Latin adverb sic is used as an adverb, and derivatively as a noun and as a verb. The adverb sic , meaning 'intentionally so written', first appeared in English c. 1856 . It is derived from the Latin adverb sīc , which means 'so', 'thus', 'in this manner'. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the verbal form of sic , meaning 'to mark with
3888-618: The credibly [ sic ] and veracity of any such source. Irin Carmon quoting a law firm The Latin adverb sic ( / s ɪ k / ; thus , so , and in this manner ) inserted after a quotation indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated as found in the source text, including erroneous, archaic, or unusual spelling, punctuation , and grammar . Sic also applies to any surprising assertion, faulty reasoning, or other matter that might be interpreted as an error of transcription . The typical editorial usage of Sic
3969-465: The earliest from the time of the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama , and the latest from his final sermon, delivered in 1968 at Washington, D.C.'s National Cathedral, just four days before his assassination . The relief of King is intended to give the impression that he is looking over the Tidal Basin toward the horizon, and that the cherry trees that adorn the site will bloom every year during
4050-495: The event, including members of the King family; civil rights leaders John Lewis , Jesse Jackson , and Andrew Young ; actor Jamie Foxx ; and filmmaker George Lucas . As many as 250,000 people were predicted to attend the dedication. In addition to the August 28 ceremony and concerts, an interfaith prayer service was scheduled to take place at the Washington National Cathedral on August 27, as well as
4131-507: The final selection was done by a mostly African American design team and was based solely on artistic ability. Gilbert Young , an artist known for a work of art entitled He Ain't Heavy , led a protest against the decision to hire Lei by launching the website "King Is Ours", which demanded that an African American artist be used for the monument. Human-rights activist and arts advocate Ann Lau and American stone-carver Clint Button joined Young and national talk-show host Joe Madison in advancing
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#17327984431434212-499: The following example from Fred Rodell 's 1955 book Nine Men : [I]n 1951, it was the blessing bestowed on Judge Harold Medina 's prosecution [ sic ] of the eleven so-called 'top native Communists,' which blessing meant giving the Smith Act the judicial nod of constitutionality. Where sic follows the quotation, it takes brackets : [ sic ]. The word sic is often treated as a loanword that does not require italics, and
4293-545: The foundation gave written promises that it would use local stonemasons to assemble the memorial. However, when construction began in October, it appeared that only Chinese laborers would be used. An investigator working for the Washington area local of the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers was reportedly told that the Chinese workers did not know what they would be paid for their work on
4374-449: The fraternity until 2003 to raise $ 100 million and break ground. In 1998, Congress authorized the fraternity to establish a nonprofit foundation – the Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc. – to manage the memorial's fundraising and design, and approved the building of the memorial on the National Mall. In 1999, the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) and
4455-500: The fundraising and promotional campaign for the memorial. A ceremonial groundbreaking for the memorial was held on November 13, 2006, in West Potomac Park . In August 2008, the foundation's leaders estimated the memorial would take 20 months to complete with a total cost of US$ 120 million. As of December 2008, the foundation had raised approximately $ 108 million, including substantial contributions from such donors as General Motors , Tommy Hilfiger , Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity,
4536-424: The idea of achieving human dignity through global relationships of well being has served to instill a broader and deeper sense of duty within each of us – a duty to be both responsible citizens and conscientious stewards of freedom and democracy. Harry E. Johnson , the President and Chief Executive Officer of the memorial foundation, added these words in a letter posted on the memorial's website: The King Memorial
4617-421: The inscriptions that were chosen "stress four primary messages of Dr. King: justice, democracy, hope, and love." The earliest quote is from 1956, spoken during the time of the Montgomery bus boycott , and the latest is from a sermon King delivered at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., four days before he was assassinated. The quotes are not arranged in chronological order, so that no visitor must follow
4698-468: The memorial and that they expected to be paid when they returned home. The memorial's design team visited China in October 2006 to inspect potential granite to be used. The project's foundation has argued that only China could provide granite of that hue in sufficient quantity. Some questioned why such white granite would be used to portray a black man. Young's "King Is Ours" petition demanded that an African American artist and American granite be used for
4779-509: The memorial include: The memorial opened to visitors before its planned dedication, with visiting hours on August 22–25, 2011. The official dedication was initially scheduled to have taken place at 11 am Sunday August 28. The dedication was to follow a pre-dedication concert at 10 am. A post-dedication concert was scheduled for 2 pm. However, on August 25, the event's organizers postponed most Saturday and Sunday activities because of safety concerns related to Hurricane Irene , which
4860-414: The memorials and monuments along the National Mall are where millions of visitors every year learn about our history. The National Park Service is honored to serve as the keeper of America's story, and with this new memorial, to have this incredible venue from which to share the courage of one man and the struggle for civil rights that he led. The rescheduled dedication on October 16 was a smaller affair than
4941-523: The mid-20th century. For example, in United States state-court opinions before 1944, sic appeared 1,239 times in the Westlaw database; in those from 1945 to 1990, it appeared 69,168 times, over 55 times as many. Its use as a form of ridicule has been cited as a major factor in this increase. The immoderate use of sic has created some controversy, leading some editors, including bibliographical scholar Simon Nowell-Smith and literary critic Leon Edel , to speak out against it. The bracketed form [ sic ]
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#17327984431435022-441: The name "national memorial" (such as George Washington Masonic National Memorial and National Memorial for Peace and Justice ) but they are not officially designated by the federal government, and are not listed here, as they are not created pursuant to the statutory scheme. The National Park Service manages 31 national memorials as official units . It also oversees two more national memorials as part of other units, listed with
5103-407: The national monument, arguing the importance of such selections as a part of the memorial's legacy. The petition received support from American granite workers and from the California State Conference of the NAACP . In May 2008, the Commission of Fine Arts , one of the agencies which had to approve all elements of the memorial, raised concerns about "the colossal scale and Social Realist style of
5184-462: The one that organizers had planned for August 28. President Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama , Vice President Joe Biden , Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi , Congressman John Lewis , Congressman Elijah Cummings and former Congressman Walter E. Fauntroy were among the more than 10,000 people who attended the event, which occurred on a temperate day. Obama gave a keynote address that linked the Civil Rights Movement to his own political struggles during
5265-498: The original and the suggested correction (as they often are in palaeography ), one may give the actual form, followed by recte , then the correct form, in brackets. The Latin adverb recte means rightly . An Iraqi battalion has consumed [ recte assumed] control of the former American military base, and our forces are now about 40 minutes outside the city. According to the Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music Style Sheet , there should be no punctuation, for example no colon, before
5346-449: The possibilities of this nation, there is no challenge we cannot surmount. In 2001, the foundation's efforts to build the memorial were stalled because Intellectual Properties Management Inc., an organization operated by King's family, wanted the foundation to pay licensing fees to use his name and likeness in marketing campaigns. The memorial's foundation, beset by delays and a languid pace of donations, stated that "the last thing it needs
5427-404: The proposed sculpture", noting that it "recalls a genre of political sculpture that has recently been pulled down in other countries." The Commission did, however, approve the final design in September 2008. New York Times art critic Edward Rothstein was among those who criticized the Stone of Hope ' s depiction of King as overly "stern" and not the proper depiction of a man famous for
5508-474: The protest when the use of Chinese granite was discovered. Lau decried the human rights record of the Chinese government and asserted that the granite would be mined by workers forced to toil in unsafe and unfair conditions, unlike that used in the National World War II Memorial , for example. Button argued that the $ 10 million in federal money that has been authorized for the King project required it to be subject to an open bidding process. In September 2010,
5589-3693: The public into believing they are affiliated with the federal government. Congress has also authorized the construction of many memorials or commemorative works on federal land under the Commemorative Works Act , usually in Washington, D.C., or nearby; these are not listed unless specifically called a national memorial. 37°46′N 122°28′W / 37.77°N 122.46°W / 37.77; -122.46 ( AIDS Memorial Grove ) 28°31′30″N 80°40′55″W / 28.525°N 80.682°W / 28.525; -80.682 ( Astronauts Memorial ) 28°12′N 177°21′W / 28.20°N 177.35°W / 28.20; -177.35 ( Battle of Midway ) 41°28′26″N 81°29′31″W / 41.474°N 81.492°W / 41.474; -81.492 ( David Berger Memorial ) 31°45′25″N 106°24′04″W / 31.757°N 106.401°W / 31.757; -106.401 ( El Paso Community Healing Garden ) 37°20′N 79°32′W / 37.33°N 79.53°W / 37.33; -79.53 ( D-Day ) 36°26′28″N 105°17′42″W / 36.441°N 105.295°W / 36.441; -105.295 ( Disabled American Veterans Vietnam Veterans ) 33°52′59″N 117°16′01″W / 33.883°N 117.267°W / 33.883; -117.267 ( Distinguished Flying Cross ) 38°25′12″N 96°10′52″W / 38.420°N 96.181°W / 38.420; -96.181 ( National Memorial to Fallen Educators ) 39°23′42″N 77°19′34″W / 39.395°N 77.326°W / 39.395; -77.326 ( National Fallen Firefighters Memorial ) 38°53′42″N 77°00′36″W / 38.895°N 77.010°W / 38.895; -77.010 ( Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II ) 41°24′40″N 81°31′34″W / 41.411°N 81.526°W / 41.411; -81.526 ( Kol Israel Foundation Holocaust Memorial ) 38°54′N 77°01′W / 38.90°N 77.02°W / 38.90; -77.02 ( National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial ) 47°04′N 122°43′W / 47.07°N 122.71°W / 47.07; -122.71 ( Medicine Creek Treaty ) 32°50′24″N 117°14′42″W / 32.840°N 117.245°W / 32.840; -117.245 ( Mt. Soledad National Veterans Memorial ) 39°58′N 83°01′W / 39.96°N 83.01°W / 39.96; -83.01 ( National Veterans Memorial and Museum ) 33°53′13″N 117°16′41″W / 33.887°N 117.278°W / 33.887; -117.278 ( Prisoner of War/Missing in Action ) 38°53′N 77°04′W / 38.89°N 77.07°W / 38.89; -77.07 ( United States Marine Corps War Memorial ) 39°46′37″N 86°09′54″W / 39.777°N 86.165°W / 39.777; -86.165 ( USS Indianapolis Memorial ) 35°18′54″N 115°33′00″W / 35.315°N 115.550°W / 35.315; -115.550 ( White Cross World War I Memorial ) These memorials have been authorized by Congress but have not yet been constructed and established. Three would become NPS units if completed. Sic We are prepared, under appropriate circumstances, to provide information bearing on
5670-420: The source. Sic may show that an uncommon or archaic expression is reported faithfully, such as when quoting the U.S. Constitution : "The House of Representatives shall chuse [ sic ] their Speaker ..." However, several writing guidebooks discourage its use with regard to dialect, such as in cases of American and British English spelling differences . The appearance of a bracketed sic after
5751-415: The steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963 but was postponed until October 16 (the 16th anniversary of the 1995 Million Man March on the National Mall) due to Hurricane Irene . Although this is not the first memorial to an African American in Washington, D.C., King is the first African American honored with a memorial on or near the National Mall and only the fourth non-President to be memorialized in such
5832-487: The style manuals of New Zealand, Australian and British media outlets generally do not require italicisation. However, italicization is common in the United States, where authorities including APA Style insist upon it. Because sic is not an abbreviation, placing a full stop /period inside the brackets after the word sic is erroneous, although the California Style Manual suggests styling it as
5913-412: The subject, and many, such as the Lincoln Memorial , do not have the word "national" in their titles. There is a degree of overlap in development of some areas designated as memorials, monuments , and historic sites , and their characterization is not always consistent with their names, such as whether the site is closely associated with whom it memorializes. The earliest and perhaps most recognizable
5994-440: The word analyse in a book review led Bryan A. Garner to comment, "all the quoter (or overzealous editor) [sic] demonstrated was ignorance of British usage". Occasionally a writer places [ sic ] after their own words, to indicate that the language has been chosen deliberately for special effect, especially where the writer's ironic meaning may otherwise be unclear. Bryan A. Garner dubbed this use of sic "ironic", providing
6075-520: Was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee , on April 4, 1968. The official vision statement for the King Memorial notes: Dr. King championed a movement that draws fully from the deep well of America's potential for freedom, opportunity, and justice. His vision of America is captured in his message of hope and possibility for a future anchored in dignity, sensitivity, and mutual respect; a message that challenges each of us to recognize that America's true strength lies in its diversity of talents. The vision of
6156-472: Was monitored by the FBI for presumed communist sympathies, King is now presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism . At the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom , King imagined an end to racial inequality in his " I Have a Dream " speech. This speech has been canonized as one of the greatest pieces of American oratory . In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive
6237-478: Was chosen as a direct reference to the 1964 Civil Rights Act , a milestone in the Civil Rights Movement in which King played an important role. The memorial is located on a 4-acre (1.6 ha) site in West Potomac Park that borders the Tidal Basin , southwest of the National Mall. The memorial is near the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial and is intended to create a visual "line of leadership" from
6318-512: Was criticized by human rights activist Harry Wu on the grounds that Lei had previously sculpted Mao Zedong . It also stirred accusations that it was based on financial considerations, because the Chinese government would make a $ 25 million donation to help meet the projected shortfall in donations. The president of the memorial's foundation, Harry E. Johnson , who first met Lei in a sculpting workshop in Saint Paul, Minnesota , stated that
6399-456: Was expected to impact the Washington area during the weekend. The organizers subsequently rescheduled the dedication to October 16, 2011, the 16th anniversary of the 1995 Million Man March on the National Mall. Before the event's postponement, President Barack Obama was expected to deliver remarks at the dedication ceremony. Aretha Franklin and Stevie Wonder were scheduled to perform. Many other individuals were also expected to participate in
6480-458: Was issued. Construction began in December 2009 and was expected to take 20 months to complete. The foundation conducted a press tour on December 1, 2010, as the "Stone of Hope" was nearing completion. At that time only $ 108 million of the $ 120 million project cost had been raised. The street address for the memorial is 1964 Independence Avenue SW in Washington, D.C. The address "1964"
6561-528: Was revealed). The fourteen quotes on the Inscription Wall are: Some of King's words reflected in these quotations are based on other sources, including the Bible, and in one case – "the arc of the moral universe" quote – paraphrases the words of Theodore Parker , an abolitionist and Unitarian minister, who died shortly before the beginning of the Civil War . In addition to the fourteen quotations on
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