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53-405: Johann Arnold Nering created the building in 1663–69 as the private residence of Cabinet Secretary Johann Martitz, converting an existing middle-class house. From 1706 to 1732, it was the official residence of the governor of Berlin. In 1732, Philipp Gerlach remodelled the building in baroque style with a protruding central bay and a carriage drive rising to the front entrance, to serve as

106-514: A 99-day reign, she was usually at her new residence, Schloß Friedrichshof , and the palace was rarely used. Beginning in 1905, it was used as a winter residence by Wilhelm II's heir, Crown Prince Wilhelm , and his wife Crown Princess Cecilie . During the November revolution in Berlin in 1918, revolutionary leaders addressed the crowd from the entrance ramp of the palace. After the dissolution of

159-535: A residence for the Crown Prince, the future King Frederick II . He and his wife Elisabeth Christine stayed there only intermittently before his accession to the throne in 1740, after which he took up residence in part of the royal palace . He gave the Kronprinzenpalais to his brother Augustus William ; after Augustus William's death in 1758, his widow continued to use it until 1780. The building

212-640: A sculpture by Rodin (in a room retaining the old palace décor, which also featured paintings by Cézanne , Van Gogh , and Manet ), works representing both the establishment Verein Berliner Künstler and the Berlin Secession , and on the top floor in a temporary display, works by members of Die Brücke and other Expressionists . This was the first state promotion in Germany of Expressionist works, which were unpopular with large numbers of

265-444: A third storey with Corinthian pillars, and added neo-classical details to the façade, whose columns he changed from Tuscan to Corinthian. The four statues above the entrance remained, but he added a tall columned portico surmounted by a balcony. He also built a setback addition on the east side of the building, with a colonnade on its Unter den Linden and Niederlagstraße sides. After 1861, when Frederick William's father acceded to

318-749: A treatment of his gall and liver problems. His wife Cecilie fled in early February 1945 as the Red Army drew closer to Berlin, but they had been living apart for a long time. At the End of World War II in Europe , Wilhelm's home, Cecilienhof, was seized by the Soviets. The palace was subsequently used by the Allied Powers as the venue for the Potsdam Conference . At the end of the war, Wilhelm

371-586: Is a Berlin historic landmark. 52°31′02″N 13°23′49″E  /  52.51722°N 13.39694°E  / 52.51722; 13.39694 Johann Arnold Nering Johann Arnold Nering (or Nehring ; 13 January 1659 – 21 October 1695) was a German Baroque architect in the service of Brandenburg-Prussia . A native of Wesel , Cleves , Nering was educated largely in Holland . From 1677 to 1679 he also travelled in Italy . In 1682 Nering worked on

424-573: Is a war not wanted by Germany, I can assure you, but it was forced on us, and the fact that we were so effectually prepared to defend ourselves is now being used as an argument to convince the world that we desired conflict. From August 1915 onwards, Wilhelm was given the additional role as commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince . In 1916 his troops began the Verdun Offensive , a year-long effort to destroy

477-457: The 5th Army in August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I . However, under the well-established Prussian/ German General Staff model then in use, inexperienced nobles who were afforded commands of large army formations were always provided with (and expected to defer to the advice of) experienced chiefs of staff to assist them in their duties. As emperor, Wilhelm's father instructed

530-768: The Battle of Verdun , Marshal Philippe Pétain , died in prison in France. Wilhelm and his wife are buried at Hohenzollern Castle. Wilhelm married Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (20 September 1886 – 6 May 1954) in Berlin on 6 June 1905. After their marriage, the couple lived at the Crown Prince's Palace in Berlin during the winter and at the Marmorpalais in Potsdam, later at Cecilienhof in Potsdam. Cecilie

583-503: The Entartete Kunst exhibition before it moved from Munich to Berlin. The National Gallery was compensated RM  150,000 for The Garden of Daubigny by Van Gogh and RM 15,000 for four paintings by Paul Signac and Edvard Munch by Göring , who took a group of 13 modern paintings to offer them privately for sale through an art dealer he knew, and roughly one sixth of its total loss of over RM 1 million after

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636-539: The House of Hohenzollern , the former German imperial dynasty. He was approached by those in the military and the diplomatic service who wanted to replace Hitler, but Wilhelm turned them down. After the ill-fated assassination attempt on 20 July 1944 , Hitler nevertheless had Wilhelm placed under supervision by the Gestapo and had his home at Cecilienhof watched. In January 1945, Wilhelm left Potsdam for Oberstdorf for

689-611: The Prinzessinnengruppe , in the palace in 1795–97. The future Emperor William I was born there on 22 March 1797. In the early 19th century, Karl Friedrich Schinkel renovated several rooms in the palace; he also designed an extension over the Oberwallstraße connecting the palace to the Kronprinzessinnenpalais (Crown Princesses' Palace), where the king's three daughters were living; this

742-491: The Weimar Republic and campaigned for the reintroduction of the monarchy in Germany. After his plans to become president had been blocked by his father, Wilhelm supported Adolf Hitler 's rise to power, but when Wilhelm realised that Hitler had no intention of restoring the monarchy, their relationship cooled. Wilhelm became head of the House of Hohenzollern on 4 June 1941 following the death of his father and held

795-643: The Zeughaus in 1695. Georg Heinrich Kranichfeld used Nering's design for Schönhausen Palace during the construction of Holstein in East Prussia . Nering also originated the design of the Zeughaus ( arsenal ) on Unter den Linden in Berlin in the year of his death; it was completed in 1730 and became the modern-day Deutsches Historisches Museum . In 1695, Nering began designing Electress Sophia Charlotte 's summer residence, later known as Charlottenburg Palace , but he died during its construction. Although

848-501: The " Day of Potsdam ") and in 1935. Wilhelm joined Der Stahlhelm , which merged in 1931 into the Harzburg Front , a right-wing organisation of those opposed to the democratic republic. The former crown prince was reportedly interested in the idea of running for Reichspräsident as the right-wing candidate against Paul von Hindenburg in 1932, until his father (who privately supported Hindenburg) forbade him from acting on

901-559: The "degenerate" artworks. The commission made two "cleansing" visits to the Kronprinzenpalais: on 7 July before the exhibition opened and again in August. Some members of the commission were at first reluctant to purge the works of August Macke and Franz Marc , both of whom had died fighting in the First World War; they were ultimately also removed, but works by Marc including Tower of Blue Horses were removed from

954-678: The French armies that would end in failure. He personally ordered a naval gun to fire the first shot on 21 February 1916, starting the deadly battle. Wilhelm relinquished command of the 5th Army in November of that year, but remained commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince for the rest of the war. After the outbreak of the German Revolution in 1918, both Emperor Wilhelm II and the crown prince signed

1007-473: The Hohenzollern family improved considerably. A settlement between the state and the family made Cecilienhof property of the state but granted a right of residence to Wilhelm and his wife Cecilie . This was limited in duration to three generations. Wilhelm broke the promise he had made to Stresemann to stay out of politics. Adolf Hitler visited Wilhelm at Cecilienhof three times, in 1926, in 1933 (on

1060-514: The Kronprinzenpalais in 1927. On the other hand, the art critic Karl Scheffler , who favoured Impressionism and disliked Expressionism, attacked Justi for opening the contemporary art gallery, publishing a book in 1921 with the title Berliner Museumskrieg (Berlin Museum War). After the Nazis came to power in 1933, there was an initial period of tolerance of modern art, but then Hitler ordered

1113-470: The building. The garden, which extends from Oberwallstraße to Niederlagstraße and has underground parking garages under part of it, was newly laid out in 1969–70 by W. Hinkefuß and descends in terraces to a central lawn, and then rises again in further terraces to a restaurant called the Schinkelklause, which incorporates pieces of terracotta and an entrance from Schinkel's Bauakademie , which

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1166-584: The crown prince to defer to the advice of his experienced chief of staff Konstantin Schmidt von Knobelsdorf . In October 1914 Wilhelm gave his first interview to a foreign correspondent and the first statement to the press made by a German noble since the outbreak of war. He denied promoting military solutions to diplomatic problems, and said this in English: Undoubtedly this is the most stupid, senseless and unnecessary war of modern times. It

1219-508: The document of abdication. On 13 November, the former crown prince fled Germany, crossed into the Netherlands at Oudvroenhoven and was later interned on the island of Wieringen (now part of the mainland), near Den Helder . In the autumn of 1921, Gustav Stresemann visited Wilhelm, and the former crown prince voiced an interest in returning to Germany, even as a private citizen. After Stresemann became chancellor in August 1923, Wilhelm

1272-559: The east, the Kronprinzenpalais was rebuilt with approximately the same exterior appearance as after Strack's work by Richard Paulick , a former associate of Walter Gropius who had already rebuilt the Kronprinzessinnenpalais and the State Opera , and Werner Prendel. (Paulick had originally intended to rebuild it as it had been in 1733, for use as a modern museum, music school, or performance space, but conceptions of

1325-635: The galleries to be "cleansed" of it, in particular the Kronprinzenpalais. In May 1936, works from the Ismar Littmann collection of Expressionist art which had been confiscated by the Gestapo from a Berlin auction house were burnt in the furnace. Eberhard Hanfstaengl , the then director of the National Gallery, was ordered to set aside only a few "historically valuable" works and saved five paintings and ten drawings. The Expressionist gallery

1378-493: The gate and chapel of Köpenick Palace . He was appointed Oberingenieur (senior engineer) by Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg , in 1684. The following year Nering was appointed Ingenieur-Oberst (engineer colonel) within the General Staff . After Frederick III came to power in 1688, Nering was tasked with overseeing the drafts of 300 two-storied burgher homes in the new town of Friedrichstadt . He also planned

1431-559: The historical appearance of the interior. In 2006 the building housed Erzwungene Wege—Flucht und Vertreibung im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts , a controversial exhibition on expulsions of Germans in 20th-century Europe organised by the Federation of Expellees , and in March–;June 2012 it housed a three-part exhibition dealing more broadly with forced exile and including Erzwungene Wege as one of its components. The building

1484-574: The idea. After his plans to become president had been blocked by his father, Wilhelm supported Hitler's rise to power. After the murder of his friend Kurt von Schleicher , the former Chancellor, in the Night of the Long Knives (1934), Wilhelm withdrew from all political activities. When Wilhelm realised that Hitler had no intention of restoring the monarchy, their relationship cooled. Upon his father's death in 1941, Wilhelm succeeded him as head of

1537-660: The layout of the Gendarmenmarkt and contributed to Schönhausen Palace . In Königsberg Nering designed the Burgkirche , constructed from 1690 to 1696. Nering was appointed Oberbaudirektor (senior architectural director) for Brandenburg on 9 April 1691. He worked on Schloss Oranienburg (1690–94), the bridge Lange Brücke in Berlin (1692–95), the Hetzgarten in 1693, and the Parochialkirche and part of

1590-431: The monarchy . Wilhelm became crown prince at the age of six in 1888, when his grandfather Frederick III died and his father became emperor. He was crown prince for 30 years until the fall of the empire on 9 November 1918 . During World War I , he commanded the 5th Army from 1914 to 1916 and was commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince for the remainder of the war. After his return to Germany in 1923, he fought

1643-766: The monarchy, the palace became a possession of the State of Prussia, which gave it to the National Gallery in 1919 to house its drawing collection. The director, Ludwig Justi , used this annexe to the existing building (now known as the Alte Nationalgalerie ) to house a new department devoted to living artists, the Galerie der Lebenden , something which he had proposed the previous year and which contemporary artists themselves had been demanding. This opened on 4 August 1919 with approximately 150 paintings and sculptures including naturalistic and French Impressionist works,

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1696-652: The official auctions of "degenerate art" in Switzerland. Later in 1937, the building became the seat of the Prussian Academy of Arts , whose building in Pariser Platz had been requisitioned by Albert Speer 's office. The Director of the Schauspielhaus theatre in the Gendarmenmarkt , Gustaf Gründgens , also temporarily had his office in the building. In March 1945, the Kronprinzenpalais

1749-531: The palace was subsequently greatly expanded, the original central section became known as the Neringbau. The architect was also honored by having a street near Charlottenburg Palace named after him in 1892. This article about a German architect is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wilhelm, German Crown Prince Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia (Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951)

1802-525: The position until his own death on 20 July 1951. Wilhelm was born on 6 May 1882 as the eldest son of the then Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , and his first wife, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein . He was born in the Marmorpalais of Potsdam in the Province of Brandenburg , where his parents resided until his father acceded to the throne. When he was born, his great-grandfather Wilhelm I

1855-526: The public. The gallery was a pioneer of the museum of contemporary art; in the judgement of the assistant director of the National Gallery at the time, the collection was superior to that of all other German galleries then collecting modern art. It served as a model for later institutions, notably the Museum of Modern Art in New York, which opened two years after its first director, Alfred H. Barr Jr. , visited

1908-599: The role of the area changed in the 1960s.) However, the top floor was extended to include the east wing to improve the building's proportions, and the interior (1968–70) was modern. As the Palais Unter den Linden , it was used as a guest house by the Magistrat, the governing executive of East Berlin . The Unification Agreement was signed there on 31 August 1990, after which the Senate of Berlin took possession of

1961-406: The royal family; during the reign of Frederick William IV , it housed court officials, and Rudolf Lepke , who founded a major auction house, grew up there. In 1856–57, Johann Heinrich Strack extensively rebuilt the palace for William I's son, Prince Frederick William (the future Kaiser Frederick III ), giving it substantially its present appearance. Strack replaced the mansard roof with

2014-563: The same month. National Gallery Director Justi had been forced out in the 1933 purge of ideologically suspect academics and civil servants; his successor, Alois Schardt , was forced to resign after Bernhard Rust , the Nazi Minister of Education for Prussia, who had responsibility for museums, visited the modern art gallery; he was in turn succeeded by Hanfstaengl, who was also forced to resign after refusing to meet with Adolf Ziegler and his commission charged with identifying and removing

2067-502: The throne and he became Crown Prince, the building was once again known as the Kronprinzenpalais; he resided there with his wife Princess Victoria , daughter of England's Queen Victoria . Their eldest son, who would be the last German Emperor as Wilhelm II , was born in the palace on 27 January 1859. Princess Victoria welcomed artists and scholars to the palace, including Heinrich von Angeli , Anton von Werner and Adolph von Menzel . However, after Frederick III's death in 1888 following

2120-762: The throne at the New Palace , also in Potsdam. In 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors when his great-grandfather and grandfather both died, his father became German Emperor, and six-year-old Wilhelm became the heir apparent to the German and Prussian thrones with the title of Kronprinz . He spent his school days with his brothers at the Prinzenhaus in Plön in his mother's ancestral Schleswig-Holstein . Wilhelm

2173-648: Was a supporter of association football , then a relatively new sport in the country, donating a cup to the German Football Association in 1908 and thereby initiating the Kronprinzenpokal (now Länderpokal) , the oldest cup competition in German football. The German club BFC Preussen was also originally named BFC Friedrich Wilhelm in his honour. In 1914, the kaiser ordered the construction of Schloss Cecilienhof in Potsdam for Prince Wilhelm and his family which angered him. The Schloss

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2226-420: Was allowed to return after giving assurances that he would not engage in politics. He chose 9 November 1923 for this, which infuriated his father, who had not been informed about the plans of his son and who felt the historic date to be inappropriate. In June 1926, a referendum on expropriating the former ruling Princes of Germany without compensation failed and as a consequence, the financial situation of

2279-539: Was built in 1811 by Heinrich Gentz in association with his remodelling of the exterior of the Prinzessinenpalais. After Louise's early death, Frederick William maintained a family shrine to her in the palace. The main building was known as the Königliches Palais (Royal Palace) until 1840; after 1840, when the king died, it was known as the former Royal Palace, and was not used by any members of

2332-606: Was captured by French Moroccan troops in Baad, Austria , and was interned as a (World War I) war criminal. Transferred to Hechingen , Germany, he lived for a short time in Hohenzollern Castle under house arrest before moving to a small five-room house at Fürstenstraße 16 in Hechingen. He died there on 20 July 1951, of a heart attack . It was exactly seven years after the 20 July plot . Three days later, his opponent in

2385-702: Was closed in October 1936, after the Berlin Olympics had ended, as a "hotbed of cultural Bolshevism ". In the 1937 Nazi operation against Entartete Kunst (degenerate art), the National Gallery lost a total of 435 works. The Kronprinzenpalais contributed far more works than any other institution to the exhibition by that name which opened in Munich on 19 July. The majority of the Expressionist works were officially labelled Verfallskunst (art of decay)

2438-461: Was gutted in an Allied bomb attack. Until 1958, a ballet school used a remaining rear section, but the site was entirely cleared in 1961. In 1968–69, to complete the restoration of the south side of Unter den Linden and make a suitable visual transition to the newly completed Foreign Ministry skyscraper (since demolished) and the rest of the East German government district immediately to

2491-411: Was hurt and his grandmother, Queen Victoria , who was the younger Wilhelm's great-grandmother, was furious. Prince Wilhelm would have five younger brothers: Prince Eitel Friedrich , Prince Adalbert , Prince August Wilhelm , Prince Oskar and Prince Joachim and one younger sister: Princess Viktoria Luise . He spent his childhood with his siblings at Marmorpalais and after his father's accession to

2544-471: Was loosely inspired by Bidston Court in Birkenhead , England, resembling a Tudor manor. Completed in 1917, it became the main residence for the Crown Prince for a time. Wilhelm had been active in pushing German expansion, and sought a leading role on the outbreak of war. Despite being only thirty-two and having never commanded a unit larger than a regiment, the German crown prince was named commander of

2597-854: Was partially destroyed in World War II and demolished around 1960. The sculptures in the garden are by Senta Baldamus  [ de ] , Gerhard Thierse and Gerhard Lichtenfelds  [ de ] . From 1998 to 2003, the Kronprinzenpalais was used as temporary exhibit space by the Deutsches Historisches Museum while its primary building, the Zeughaus across the street, was under renovation. It continues to be used for exhibitions and other cultural events. For example, in 2005 it housed an exhibition on Albert Einstein , and in spring 2006 Joshua Sobol 's polydrama Alma , on Alma Mahler , played scenes simultaneously in various rooms, which required temporarily reconstructing

2650-526: Was the German Emperor and his grandfather Crown Prince Frederick was the heir apparent , making Wilhelm third in line to the throne. His birth sparked an argument between his parents and his grandmother Crown Princess Victoria . Before Wilhelm was born, his grandmother had expected to be asked to help find a nurse, but since her son did everything he could to snub her, the future Wilhelm II asked his aunt Princess Helena to help instead. His mother

2703-548: Was the daughter of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1851–1897) and his wife, Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (1860–1922). Their eldest son, Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, was killed fighting for the German Army in France in 1940 . Their children were: Wilhelm's reputation as a military commander was satirised by Neil Munro in his Erchie MacPherson story, "Bad News", first published in

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2756-410: Was the eldest child of the last Kaiser , Wilhelm II, German Emperor , and his consort Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein , and thus a great-grandson of Queen Victoria , and distant cousin to many British royals, such as Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III . As Emperor Wilhelm's heir, he was the last Crown Prince of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia , until the abolition of

2809-535: Was then renovated and refurnished in Neoclassical style (with furniture from Prussia rather than France) and became the residence of Crown Prince Frederick William (the future Frederick William III ) and his wife Louise , who lived there with their children and Countess Voss , who had an apartment near the entrance. They remained there after he became king and the Palace was now called Königliches Palais (Royal Palace). Johann Gottfried Schadow created his double statue of Crown Princess Louise and her sister Frederica ,

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