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33-680: 1979-1985, it was part of the short-lived alliance Kurdistan United Socialist Party (HSYK), which had included the Socialist Movement of Kurdistan as well as the two splinters of the South Kurdistan Movement and which birthed the Kurdistan Toilers' Party . The KSDP component in the alliance was split into two camps, the scientific socialist faction around Resul Mamend and the social democratic faction around Saleh Yousefi and Mahmoud Othman . Prior to

66-420: A further 7,000 people were injured or suffered long-term illness. Most of the victims of the attack on the town of Halabja were Kurdish civilians. The attack is believed to have included the nerve agents Tabun , Sarin and VX , as well as mustard gas . However, according to former senior CIA analyst Stephen C. Pelletiere, Iraq did not have the nerve agent used in the attack but did have mustard gas which

99-809: A new bazaar. During the Al-Anfal campaign of the Iraqi Government, which took place between March 1987 and May 1989, the neighborhoods Kani Ashqan and Mordana were erased in May 1987 as a reprisal for the support of the Peshmerga. But Halabja suffered much more during the Al-Anfal campaign, in which Saddam Hussein violently suppressed Kurdish revolts during the Iran–Iraq War . The Kurdish Peshmerga guerrillas, supported by Iran , captured Halabja in

132-481: A plausible contributors to poor general health and quality of life among survivors. We conclude that multidisciplinary interventions are needed to tackle the biopsychosocial complications in survivors of SM exposure to minimize further health damage in the future, as well as to promote their health-related quality of life." It is occasionally suggested that cyanide was also included among these chemical weapons, though this assertion has been cast into doubt, as cyanide

165-509: A recent name change, although the acronym KSDP stayed the same. After 1992, the party was led by Mahmoud Othman . The party is currently led by Mohammed Haji Mahmoud . In the 2013 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election the party got 12,501 votes (0.6%) and it won one seat in the Kurdistan National Assembly . For the 2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election , the party joined an electoral alliance together with

198-594: A small enclave in the period of 2000–2003. The area was overrun by Peshmerga forces from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), with U.S. air support , at the beginning of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq . The town has remained a center of Islamism in the Kurdistan region, however. Just before Kurds gained some autonomy over the Iraqi Kurdistan region in 1991, which included Halabja, a new town

231-669: Is a natural byproduct of impure Tabun. Before the war ended the Iraqis moved in on the ground and completely destroyed the town. In March 2010, the Iraqi High Criminal Court recognized the Halabja massacre as genocide ; the decision was welcomed by the Kurdistan Regional Government . In the mountains to the west of Halabja, a militant Kurdish Islamist group, Ansar al-Islam , occupied

264-695: The 1992 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election , it created an electoral alliance with the Kurdish Socialist Party (PASOK). In August, the Kurdistan Popular Democratic Party joined the alliance, and the three founded the Kurdistan Unity Party (KUP). A faction led by Resul Mamend refused to join the alliance and instead joined the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in December 1992, where Mamend

297-524: The Hewrami dialect. Halabja has a long history, as proven by excavations at nearby archaeological sites like Bakr Awa . The cemetery includes the tombs of several historical figures, such as Ahmed Mukhtar Jaff, Tayar Bag Jaff and Adila Khanim . The ancient city-kingdom of Lullubi is thought to be located below or nearby. In August 2009, three 17th century tombs were discovered in the Ababile district of

330-581: The Iranian border . The city lies at the base of what is often referred to as the greater Hewraman region stretching across the Iran – Iraq border. Halabja is surrounded by Hawraman and Shnrwe range in the northeast, Balambo range in the south and Sirwan river in the west. The Kurds in the city of Halabja generally speak only the Sorani dialect of Kurdish, but some residents of the surrounding villages speak

363-710: The Kurdistan Communist Party – Iraq and the Kurdistan Toilers' Party . The alliance is called the Kurdistan Region Coalition. The Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party also has a paramilitary wing of Peshmerga soldiers under the direct command of party leader Mohammed Haji Mahmoud , whose nom de guerre is "Kaka Hama". The party's forces have fought in the Iraqi Civil War against the Islamic State of Iraq and

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396-634: The Kurdistan Future Party , also known as Hizbî Ayînde , before joining the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in 15 July 2016. The general secretary of the Kurdistan Toilers' Party now is Belên Ebdulla. The party published the newspaper Alayî Azadî or "Banner of Freedom" from 1986 onwards, which has been discontinued later. It also published the theoretical periodical Pêşkewtîn , meaning "Progress" in English, in 1986, which

429-662: The Kurdistan Social Democratic Party . The alliance is called the Kurdistan Region Coalition. This article about an Iraqi political party or organization is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Halabja Halabja ( Kurdish : هەڵەبجە , romanized :  Helebce , Arabic : حلبجة ) is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate , located about 240 km (150 mi) northeast of Baghdad and 14 km (9 mi) from

462-641: The "Minister of Martyrs and Anfal ". He lost some influence in the party after a party congress in March 2023, where Mohammed's son Rêbîn replaced him in the office for public relations and replaced a lot of the staff with associates of him. In late January 2024, the rivalry reemerged over a dispute whose son would become president of the Baxtiyarî Sports Club in Silêmanî . The situation escalated and shots were exchanged. On February 14, Selah Elî, who

495-653: The KSDP, including his brother, and that the group fired at his house with RPGs. During the clashes, Ebdulla's son was reportedly wounded. Also, a guard of the party leader Mohammed was killed. After the clashes, security forces were deployed to the village to control the situation. This article about an Iraqi political party or organization is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kurdistan Toilers%27 Party The Kurdistan Toilers' Party ( Kurdish : حزبی زەحمەتکێشانی کوردستان , romanized :  Hizbî Zehmetkêşanî Kurdistan , also known as Zahmatkeshan)

528-861: The Left of Kurdistan , alongside the Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq and the Movement of the Democratic People of Kurdistan . Said committee released a statement in August 2022, calling on the elimination of "absolute centralism" in Iraq, as well as the adoption of a separate constitution for the Kurdistan Region and the elections for the Kurdistan Region Parliament and the regional councils to be held on time. Furthermore,

561-507: The Levant (ISIL), mostly in the region south of Kirkuk . They also took part in the Mosul offensive (2016) . Among the party fighters killed in combat against ISIL was Mohammed Haji Mahmood's son Atta. There has been a developing rivalry between party leader Mohammed Haji Mahmoud and his brother Ebdulla Haji Mahmoud. Ebdulla was first a MP in the Kurdistan Region Parliament and is currently

594-620: The Toilers' Party. Following the 1992 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election however, Mala Bakhtiyar and most of the former Alayî Şoriş leadership left the party and rejoined the PUK. Over the last decades, the party has abandoned socialist rhetoric and became more moderate. The former leader Qadir Ezîz left the party in October 2009 after losing an internal power struggle with the wing led by Belên Ebdulla and Se'id Xalîdewe. He proceeded to found

627-508: The beginning of the 20th century, there were many British soldiers stationed in Halabja. During World War I , Adela Khanum saved the lives of several British soldiers, resulting in the British honoring her with the title Khan Bahadur, Princess of the Brave. She was also responsible for the building of a new prison, setting up a court of justice, of which she was the first president and building

660-546: The city. On 12 November 2017 at 21:18 local time, an earthquake struck approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-southwest of Halabja. Halabja has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) with very hot summers and cool wet winters. Halabja is located in the Shahrizor plain , a fertile valley nestled in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city's elevation

693-550: The continued lack of basic services and necessities. On the 2006 anniversary of the gas attack, violent demonstrations erupted in Halabja. An estimated 7,000 demonstrators protested against priorities in reconstruction, claiming that officials were not sincerely addressing the problems of the gas attack victims. Roadblocks were set up and the gas attack memorial museum was set afire. Police fired at protesters killing one 14-year-old boy and wounding many others. In 2008, plans were announced to construct an international airport for

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726-413: The final phase of the Iran–Iraq War . At 11:00 AM, On March 16, 1988, after two days of conventional artillery attacks, Iraqi planes dropped gas canisters on the town. The town and surrounding district were attacked with bombs, artillery fire and chemical weapons , the last of which proved most devastating. At least 5,000 people died as an immediate result of the chemical attack and it is estimated that

759-511: The party was known as Kurdistan Socialist Party - Revolutionary Democratic Direction ( Kurdish : حزبی سۆسیالیستی کوردستان- ئیتجاهی دیموکراتی شۆڕشگێڕ ), before being renamed to Kurdistan Toilers' Party. In the year 1990, it became a member of the Iraqi Kurdistan Front . The same year, Mala Bakhtiyar's party Alayî Şoriş (Banner of Revolution), which had split from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan four years prior, merged into

792-410: The party. Ebdulla rejected the decision, arguing that only a proper party congress could make such a decision. According to the news network Peregraf, the conflict between the brothers had been going on for two years. On April 4, the house of Ebdulla Haji Mahmoud's son in the village of Gulxane northwest of Halabja was attacked by an armed group. Ebdulla claimed that the group was made up of members of

825-495: The statement calls on the government to stop further privatizations, to provide the salaries of public servants on time and to adopt reforms that improve the economic and social development of the people of Kurdistan. In 2013, it gained one seat in the Kurdistan Region Parliament and one minister in the Kurdistan Regional Government. In 2018, it failed to win a seat again. Kurdistan Toilers' Party

858-477: The town. This suggests that the town is somewhat older than indicated by some sources, which claim that it was built by the Ottoman Empire at about 1850. However, modern developments date from the early 20th century. The post office opened in 1924 and the first school opened the following year. The Qaysari Pasha and Hamid Bag bazaars were built-in 1932. Electricity did not reach the city until 1940. At

891-414: Was a close associate of Ebdulla was replaced with Husên Xelîfe as leader of Peshmerga affairs, an associate of Mohammed. During the tensions, Elîs son reportedly opened fire, which led security forces to intervene. On the 5th of March, an assembly led by Mohammed Haji Mahmoud decided to strip Ebdulla of the seat of the co-chair as well of his party membership, calling on him to give back properties owned by

924-495: Was cancelled after five issues. . In 2003, it also had a TV station called "Voice of Kurdistan Toilers". It was included in the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan -dominated government. It had poor relations with the Kurdistan Democratic Party , but the party's headquarters were transferred to KDP-controlled Erbil under the leadership of Ebdulla. The party is part of the so-called Joint Working Committee of

957-544: Was founded in 1985 by Qadir Ezîz and Ebdulxaliq Zengene as a splinter of the short-lived alliance Kurdistan United Socialist Party (HSYK), which had included the Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party , the Socialist Movement of Kurdistan and the two splinters of the South Kurdistan Movement . They had belonged to the left wing of the party and had criticized the leadership for abandoning socialism in favor of tribal democracy. 1985-1986,

990-754: Was included as member of the Political Bureau. The KUP joined the Kurdistan Democratic Party in August 1993. A mere month later, a faction under Mohammed Haji Mahmoud broke away from the KDP again, re-establishing the KSP-I. The following year, it was renamed to Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party ( Kurdish : حزبی سۆسیالیست دیموکراتی کوردستان , romanized :  Hizbî Sosyalîst Dîmukratî Kurdistan ; Arabic : الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الكردستاني , romanized :  Hizb al-Ishtiraki al-Dimuqrati al-Kurdistani ). It had been known under this name until

1023-541: Was part of the Kurdistan Alliance Bloc ("Hawpeymanî Kurdistan", no. 372) that existed in the Iraqi Parliament 2005-2010. The first listed candidate for Silêmanî Governorate for the party was Jalal Dabagh , a prominent Kurdish politician. For the 2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election , the party joined an electoral alliance together with the Kurdistan Communist Party – Iraq and

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1056-472: Was set up where some former Kurdish refugees later relocated. The new town called Halabja Taza (or New Halabja ) today has an estimated 9,000 homes. The Kurdistan Regional Government made some concentrated reconstruction efforts after 2003 in the old town and began rebuilding some of the bombed-out homes in Halabja and paving new roads. A memorial was also constructed for the victims of the chemical attacks. However, residents of Halabja have complained about

1089-459: Was used in the Iran–Iraq War. An interdisciplinary scientific study from 2019, after more than three decades, shows that the chemical attacks on Halabja have long-term biological, psychological and social effects on the survivors. The authors, Faraidoun Moradi, Mia Söderberg, Fazil Moradi and others conclude: "The post-exposure somatic and psychosocial effects such as respiratory symptoms of CWA are

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