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23-568: Hot Gates or Hot Gate may refer to: Thermopylae , a location in Greece famous for the Battle of Thermopylae The Hot Gates , a collection of writing by William Golding The Hot Gate , third book in the Troy Rising series by John Ringo Hot Gates , a song written by Christopher Torr, and sung by Laurika Rauch Topics referred to by

46-421: A reference to the gates of Hades. Thermopylae is primarily known for the battle that took place there in 480 BC, in which an outnumbered Greek force probably of 7,000 (including 300 Spartans , 500 warriors from Tegea , 500 from Mantinea , 120 from Arcadian Orchomenos , 1,000 from the rest of Arcadia , 200 from Phlius , 80 from Mycenae , 400 Corinthians , 400 Thebans , 1,000 Phocians , 700 Thespians, and

69-459: A trapezoidal peribolos , identified as a large stoa and stadium, which measures north side 66.30m, south side 65.30m, east side 6.20m, west side 7.65m. The Sanctuary of Demeter Amphyctionis was known in antiquity as the place where the Pylaian or Delphic Amphictyonic council met each autumn. Demeter Amphictyonis is depicted on a coin minted by Philip II of Macedon , who took over control of

92-576: Is a narrow pass and modern town in Lamia , Phthiotis , Greece . It derives its name from its hot sulphur springs . In Greek mythology the Hot Gates is one of the entrances to Hades . Thermopylae is the site of the Battle of Thermopylae between the Greek forces (including Spartans , Thebans and Thespians) and the invading Persian forces, commemorated by Simonides of Ceos in the epitaph , "Go tell

115-471: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Thermopylae Thermopylae ( / θ ər ˈ m ɒ p ɪ l iː / ; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa : Θερμοπύλαι , romanized :  Thermopylai ; Ancient: [tʰermopýlai] , Katharevousa: [θermoˈpile̞] ; Demotic Greek ( Greek ): Θερμοπύλες , romanized :  Thermopyles [θermoˈpiles] ; "hot gates")

138-488: The Opuntian Locrians ) held off a substantially larger force of Persians under Xerxes . Over 1,000 Greeks remained in the pass when most of the army retreated: the survivors from previous fighting of 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians, along with 400 Thebans whom the other Greeks forcibly held as hostages. Gaius Stern has argued that this force had already suffered casualties of over 100 in the previous fighting, so

161-688: The Peloponnese . Diakos, after making a last stand at the bridge of Alamana with 48 of his men, was captured and killed. In 1941 during World War II the ANZAC forces delayed the invading Nazi forces in the area enough to allow the evacuation of the British expeditionary force to Crete . This conflict also became known as the Battle of Thermopylae. The sabotage of the Gorgopotamos bridge in 1942

184-467: The 21st century, the shoreline advanced by as much as 9 km (5.6 mi) in places, eliminating the narrowest points of the pass and considerably increasing the size of the plain around the outlet of the Spercheios. The A1 motorway linking Athens and Thessaloniki now follows the ancient shoreline and thus splits the pass; a modern-day monument to King Leonidas I of Sparta is situated on

207-598: The Amphictyonic League in 339 BC. The coin from 335 BC portrayed the profile of Demeter wearing a veil and a wreath of grain on the obverse, and seated Apollo on the reverse, inscribed not by the Delphian name but with 'AMΦΙΚΤΥΩΝΩΝ' ("Of the Amphictyons"). The sanctuary still existed in the age of Strabo , who described it: If still in use by the 4th century AD, the temple would have been closed during

230-663: The Great of Syria attempted in vain to hold the pass against the Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio . At an uncertain date in the mid 3rd century AD, the Germanic tribe of Heruli were defeated by a Roman force sent to stop them. In 997, the Bulgarian Tsar Samuel invaded Greece and advanced as far as the Peloponnese . On his return, he was met by a Byzantine army under Nikephoros Ouranos at Spercheios. As

253-603: The Spartans, stranger passing by, That here we lie, having answered our common oaths." Thermopylae is the only land route large enough to bear any significant traffic between Lokris and Thessaly . To go from north to south along the east coast of the Balkans requires use of the pass. In ancient times it was called Malis, named after the Malians ( Ancient Greek : Μαλιεῖς ), a Greek tribe that lived near present-day Lamia at

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276-441: The Spercheios river and is surrounded by sloping forested limestone mountains. There is continuous deposition of sediment from the river and travertine deposits from the hot springs which has substantially altered the landscape during the past few thousand years. The land surface on which the famous Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BC is now buried under 20 metres (66 ft) of soil. The shoreline has also advanced over

299-614: The centuries because of the sedimentary deposition. The level of the Malian Gulf was also significantly higher during prehistoric times, and the Spercheios River was significantly shorter. Its shoreline advanced by up to 2 kilometers between 2500 BC and 480 BC but has still left several narrow passages between the sea and the mountains. The narrowest point on the plain, where the battle was probably fought, would have been less than 100 metres (330 ft) wide. Between 480 BC and

322-582: The delta of the river Spercheios in Greece . The Malian Gulf is also named after them. In the western valley of the Spercheios their land was adjacent to the Aenianes . Their main town was named Trachis . In the town of Anthela , the Malians had an important Temple of Demeter Amphictyonis , an early center of the Anthelan Amphictyony . The land is dominated by the coastal floodplain of

345-546: The divine hero Heracles tried to cleanse himself of the Hydra's poison there. The first known Amphictyony , a group of religiously associated ancient Greek tribes, was centered on the cult of Demeter at the city of Anthela , near Thermopylae. The delegates to this first Amphictyony were dubbed the Pylagorai ("gate-assemblers"); since Demeter had chthonic or underworld associations in many of her older cults, this may be

368-419: The east side of the highway, directly across the road from the hill where Simonides' epitaph to the fallen is engraved in stone at the top. Thermopylae is part of the "horseshoe of Maliakos ", also known as the "horseshoe of death": it is the narrowest part of the highway connecting the north and the south of Greece. It has many turns and has been the site of many vehicular accidents. The hot springs from which

391-520: The pass derives its name still exist close to the foot of the hill. Thermopylae means "hot gates", referring to the area’s hot sulfur springs . The location was also associated with the cavernous entrance to Hades , the underworld in Greek mythology , which was said to be at Thermopylae. According to one version of the Labours of Heracles , it was said that the waters at Thermopylae became hot because

414-620: The river was flooded, both sides encamped on opposite sides without action. Confident that the Byzantines could not cross the river, the Bulgarians relaxed their guard and were taken by surprise when Byzantine scouts discovered a ford further upriver. In 1821, a force of Greek fighters led by Athanasios Diakos made a stand near the pass to stop a force of 8,000 Turks from marching down from Thessaly to put down revolts in Roumeli and

437-414: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hot Gates . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hot_Gates&oldid=662475110 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

460-460: The true number might be closer to 1,250 than 1,400. For three days they held a narrow route between hills and the sea against Xerxes' vast cavalry and infantry force, before being outflanked on the third day via an obscure goat path named the Anopaea Pass. According to the Greek legend, a traitor named Ephialtes of Trachis showed the path to the invaders. The following epitaph by Simonides

483-599: Was caused by a large fine imposed on the Phocians in 357 BC for cultivating sacred land. The Spartans, who were also fined in that war, actually never fought in it as they were later pardoned. In 279 BC a Gallic army led by Brennus initially engaged the Aetolians who were forced to make a tactical retreat and who were finally routed by the Thessalians and Malians by the river Spercheios . In 191 BC Antiochus III

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506-455: Was referred in German documents of the era as "the recent sabotage near Thermopylae". 38°48′19″N 22°33′46″E  /  38.80528°N 22.56278°E  / 38.80528; 22.56278 Temple of Demeter Amphictyonis The sanctuary is mentioned by Herodotus in the 5th century BC: Excavations has dated the structures to the 5th-century BC. The archeological remains include

529-566: Was written on the monument: "Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here obedient to their laws we lie." (Ὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε κείμεθα, τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.) In 353 BC/352 BC during the Third Sacred War , fought mainly between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon , and the Phocians. The war

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