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26-448: Houbigant may refer to: Charles François Houbigant , Biblical scholar Jean-François Houbigant , owner/maker of the second oldest perfumery of France Houbigant (perfume) , perfume manufacturer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Houbigant . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

52-655: A Latin translation of the Psalms, Psalmorum versio vulgata et versio nova ad hebraicam veritatem facta (16mo), followed two years later (1748) by a critical edition of the Hebrew Psalter, Psalmi hebraici mendis quam plurim is expurgati (Leyden, 16mo). These volumes were but the forerunners of his great work, Biblia hebraica cum notis criticis et versione latinâ ad notas criticas factâ; accedunt libri græci qui deutero-canonici vocantur in tres classes distributi (4 vols., folio, Paris, 1753–54). This important publication, to

78-486: A bishop. He obtained the necessary dispensations from Rome for Henrietta Maria 's marriage to Charles I , and acted as her chaplain during the first year of her stay in England. In 1626, as French ambassador to Spain, he concluded the favourable Treaty of Monzón , to which his enemy Cardinal Richelieu found objections. After the reconciliation of King Louis XIII with his mother, Marie de Medici , through his agency, he

104-599: A deep sense of God's grandeur and of the Church as the Body of Christ, a pessimistic Augustinian view of man that nonetheless stressed positive potential through God, and a strong apostolic and missionary commitment. Cornelius Jansen and Jean du Vergier de Hauranne (the Abbé (Abbot)of Saint-Cyran), key collaborators of Bérulle, worked together to promote a negative Augustinian penitential theology, hoping that Bérulle’s Oratory would be

130-611: A distinct tradition of spirituality, more recently known as Berullism. Substantial and polemicized Lutheran, Calvinist, and Counter-Reformation theological and philosophical notions have been noted in Berulle's spiritual theology of priesthood. This spiritual theology created a sea change in the Roman Catholic theology of the priesthood, principally through an over-identification with Christ, according to Clare McGrath-Merkle. Berullian clerical spirituality has been characterized by

156-538: A negative spiritual anthropology of self-annihilationism and neantism in which the priest must lose his identity to make room for that of Christ. Bérulle encouraged Descartes ' philosophical studies, and it was through him that the Samaritan Pentateuch , recently brought over from Constantinople , was inserted in Lejay's Bible Polyglotte (1628–45). Bérulle has been claimed to be an opponent of

182-469: A school for girls, in which he set up a complete outfit for the printing of his books, himself acting as typesetter. His first work, issued in 1732 (Paris), was a vocabulary of Hebrew roots, Racines hebraïques sans points-voyelles , compiled after the manner of Lancelot 's long famous Jardin des racines grecques . In 1746 he published his Prolegomena in Scripturam Sacram (2 vols., 4to) and

208-735: Is situated in the modern department of Yonne , while the village adjacent to it, Bérulle , is in Aube . He was educated by the Jesuits at Clermont and at the Sorbonne in Paris. He published his first work, his Bref Discours de l'abnegation interieure , in 1597. Soon after his ordination as a priest in 1599, he assisted Cardinal Duperron in his public controversy with the Protestant Philippe de Mornay , and made numerous converts. With

234-724: The parish of Clichy. A mainstay of the Counter-Reformation in France, in 1611 Bérulle founded in Paris the Congregation of the French Oratory , on the model of the one founded in 1556 by Philip Neri at Rome. The French congregation, however, varied in important respects from the Italian Oratory. Bérulle was a chaplain to King Henry IV of France , and several times declined his offers to be made

260-568: The Bible is, for the clearness, energy, and polish of the language, deservedly praised; not so, however, all the rules of textual criticism laid down in the "Prolegomena", and the application of these rules in the "Biblia hebraica" marred by too many unnecessary and conjectural corrections of the Masoretic text. Pierre de B%C3%A9rulle Pierre de Bérulle ( French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ də beʁyl] ; 4 February 1575 – 2 October 1629)

286-537: The Congregation of the Oratory of Jesus in 1704 and, after his studies, taught successively the classics at Juilly , rhetoric at Marseilles , and philosophy at Soissons . Returning to Paris, he was in 1722 at the head of the Conference of Church Antiquities and Discipline of St-Magloire. Overwork brought upon him a severe sickness, from which he lost in a very peculiar way the sense of hearing: while unable to hear

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312-528: The Incarnation as the defining characteristic of his spirituality and his Oratory, when he asked Christ "that, in this piety, devotion, and special servitude to the mystery of Your Incarnation and of Your humanized divinity and deified humanity, be our life and our state, our spirit and our particular difference." The chief works of Cardinal de Bérulle are: In addition, Bérulle wrote a number of short devotional works ( Œuvres de pieté ) and documents for

338-426: The abstract school of mysticism that bypassed the humanity of Christ, although his own method of prayer included a focus on adoring the being of Christ himself, considered in the abstract; Pope Urban VIII called him the "apostle of the incarnate Word." The Carmelite nuns who were brought to France by Bérulle objected to his attempts to influence their spirituality. Nevertheless, Berullian influences did remain within

364-492: The co-operation of his cousin, Madame Acarie ( Marie of the Incarnation ), in 1604 he introduced the Discalced Carmelite nuns of the reform of Teresa of Ávila into France. In 1608, Vincent de Paul moved to Paris, where he came under the influence of Abbé (later Cardinal) Pierre de Bérulle, whom he took as his spiritual director for a time. De Bérulle was responsible for De Paul taking up an appointment to

390-399: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Houbigant&oldid=877714473 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Charles Fran%C3%A7ois Houbigant Houbigant entered

416-630: The means by which the theology would displace that of "laxist" Jesuits. Bérulle's depiction of the mystical journey through Mary to Christ, and through Christ to the Trinity is a hallmark of the French School of spirituality. It has been asserted that the term "school" is potentially problematic, though, because at least some other cited members of this "school," such as Jean Eudes , Jean-Jacques Olier , Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort , and Jean-Baptiste de la Salle , do not simply develop

442-549: The noise of the cannon of the Bastille , he could hear the scratching of his pen on the paper. In consequence of this infirmity he availed himself of the scholarship founded by Louis de Carrières to promote biblical studies in the Oratory and thenceforth devoted his talents to mastering Semitic languages . His conversation was amiable, without the sarcasm pervading some pages of his writings. He founded at Avilly-Saint-Léonard

468-424: The papers found after his death were a life of Cardinal de Bérulle , a treatise on the coming of Elias, a Hebrew grammar, and notes on the theory of Astruc touching the composition of Genesis. His works on Hebrew philology have fallen into oblivion; the deliberate discarding of vocal signs and the unlikely and unwarranted pronunciation adopted foredoomed them to failure. On the other hand, his Latin translation of

494-699: The preparation of which he had devoted twenty years of labour, in itself a masterpiece of typography, was based on the text of Van der Hooght (edit. of 1705), which it reproduced without vocal signs and with many corrections suggested either in the margin or in tables at the end of each volume. The Latin translation was also published separately in eight octavo volumes under the title, Veteris Testamenti versio nova ad hebraicam veritatem facta (Paris, 1753). From Houbigant's versatile pen later on proceeded French translations of some English books, as Forbes 's Thoughts , Sherlock's Sermons (1768), and Lesley's Method against Deists and Jews (1770). Other works published during

520-410: The realization that everything depended on God, and that one should attempt to live in accordance with the will of God without concern for success or failure. Bérulle is generally regarded as being an initiator of the French School of Spirituality, a powerful spiritual, missionary, and reform movement that animated the church in France in the early seventeenth century. The movement was characterized by:

546-592: The red hat. Bérulle died October 2, 1629, in Paris, while celebrating Mass, and was buried in the chapel of the Oratorian College of Juilly . In the early part of his career, Bérulle was confident of the ability of the individual to both remake society and reform the church. Relying on human reason and diligent effort, he worked to convert the Huguenots through theological treatises and conferences. When his efforts seemed to have little effect, he came to

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572-704: The same period, as the Examen du Psautier français des RR. PP. Capucins (The Hague, 1764), the Conférence entre un Juif, un protestant et un docteur de Sorbonne (Leyden, 1770), the Notæ criticæ in universos Veteris Testamenti libros tum hebraice tum græce scriptos, cum integris Prolegomenis ad exemplar Parisiense denuo recensæ (2 vols., 4to, Frankfort, 1777), are evidence that Houbigant had not at this period abandoned his favourite studies. Some time before his death, however, he had lost his eyesight and fallen into dotage. Among

598-506: The spirituality of female Carmelite monastic communities and perdured into the 20th century, until Blessed Marie-Eugene OCD visited the communities to provide standard Carmelite spiritual formation. In his Discours de l'état et des grandeurs de Jésus Bérulle emphasized Jesus as the Incarnate Word of God, and the abasement, self-surrender, servitude and humiliation— all Bérulle's words— of his Incarnation . He even took

624-554: The thought of Bérulle, but all have their own significant insights. It has, therefore, been asserted that the "school" does not have simply one founder. However, the many common elements (such as an emphasis on living in the Spirit of Jesus, particular forms of meditative prayer, and, in some measure, a spiritual theology of priesthood taught in French-school- influenced seminaries since the 1600s), means that it can be considered as

650-614: Was a French Catholic priest, cardinal and statesman in 17th-century France. He was the founder of the French school of spirituality and counted among his disciples Vincent de Paul and Francis de Sales , although both developed significantly different spiritual theologies. Bérulle was born in the Château of Cérilly , near Troyes in Champagne , into two families of distinguished magistrates on 4 February 1575. The château de Cérilly

676-465: Was appointed a councillor of state, but had to resign this office, owing to his pro- Habsburg policy, which was opposed by Richelieu. For religious reasons, Cardinal Bérulle favored the allegiance of France with Austria and Spain, the other Catholic powers, while Cardinal Richelieu wanted to undermine their influence in Europe. He was made cardinal by Pope Urban VIII on 30 August 1627, but never received

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