96-614: Home Rule Act may refer to: Government of Ireland Act 1914 , sometimes called the "Third Home Rule Act" Government of Ireland Act 1920 , sometimes called the "Fourth Home Rule Act" District of Columbia Home Rule Act , a 1973 act of the United States Congress 1979 Greenlandic home rule referendum , on greater autonomy from Denmark See also [ edit ] Home rule Home Rule Cities Act (Michigan) Home Rule Party (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
192-560: A proportional representation system, but on the 'first past the post' British electoral system. Unionists, on the other hand, won 26 seats for 287,618 (28.3%) of votes, whereas Sinn Féin votes were 476,087 (or 46.9%) for 48 seats, plus 25 uncontested, totalling 73 seats. In January 1919 a Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the First Dáil attended by twenty-seven Sinn Féin members (others were in jail or unable to attend) proclaimed an Irish Republic . The subsequent parliament of
288-453: A "Miss Redmond" had ridden in support of the rebels, a Father Redmond was hanged by the yeomanry , as was a maternal ancestor, William Kearney. As a student, young John exhibited the seriousness that many would soon come to associate with him. Educated by the Jesuits at Clongowes Wood College , he was primarily interested in poetry and literature, played the lead in school theatricals and
384-462: A Parnellite, was chosen as a compromise due to the personal rivalries between the anti-Parnellite Home Rule leaders. Therefore, he never had as much control over the party as his predecessor, his authority and leadership a balancing act having to contend with such powerful colleagues as John Dillon , William O'Brien , Timothy Healy and Joseph Devlin . He nevertheless led the Party successfully through
480-469: A Protestant and unionist family; although she had converted to Catholicism on marriage, she never converted to nationalism. His uncle General John Patrick Redmond, who had inherited the family estate, was created CB for his role during the Indian mutiny; he disapproved of his nephew's involvement in agrarian agitation of the 1880s. John Redmond boasted of his family involvement in the 1798 Wexford Rebellion ;
576-615: A barrister by completing his terms at the King's Inns , Dublin, being called to the Irish bar in 1887 (and to the English bar a year later), Redmond busied himself with agrarian cases during the Plan of Campaign . In 1888, following a strong and conceivably intimidatory speech, he received five weeks' imprisonment with hard labour. A loyal supporter of Parnell, Redmond—like Davitt—was deeply opposed to
672-620: A constitution for Ireland. An Irish Convention of around one hundred delegates sat from July and ended in March 1918. Up until December 1917, Redmond used his influence to have a plan which had been put forward by the Southern Unionist leader Lord Midleton , accepted. It foresaw All-Ireland Home Rule with partial fiscal autonomy (until after the war, without customs and excise). All sides, including most Ulster delegates, wavered towards favouring agreement. Already ailing while attending
768-585: A constitutional crisis began when the House of Lords rejected David Lloyd George 's Finance Bill. Two general elections occurred in January and December 1910, both of which left the Liberals and Conservatives equally matched, with John Redmond 's Irish Parliamentary Party having the balance of power in the House of Commons . The Irish Parliamentary Party, which had campaigned for home rule for Ireland since
864-726: A disgrace forever to our country otherwise". (Woodenbridge speech to the Irish Volunteers, 20 September 1914) Redmond requested the War Office to allow the formation of a separate Irish Brigade as had been done for the Ulster Volunteers, but Britain was suspicious of Redmond. His plan was that post-war the Irish Brigade and National Volunteers would provide the basis for an Irish Army, capable of enforcing Home Rule on reluctant Ulster Unionists. Eventually he
960-407: A final partition of Northern Ireland. His added hope was that the common sacrifice by Irish nationalists and Unionists would bring them closer together, but above all that nationalists could not afford to allow Ulster Unionists to reap the benefit of being the only Irish to support the war effort, when they spontaneously enlisted in their 36th (Ulster) Division . He said Let Irishmen come together in
1056-600: A form of triumph: he had secured the passing of Home Rule with the provision that the implementation of the measure would be delayed "not later than the end of the present war", which "would be bloody but short-lived". His Unionist opponents were confused and dismayed by the passing of the Home Rule Act and by the absence of any definite provisions for the exclusion of Ulster. In two speeches delivered by Redmond in August and September 1914, deemed as critical turning points in
SECTION 10
#17327650427201152-576: A group of five Irish MPs who enlisted, the others J. L. Esmonde , Stephen Gwynn , and D. D. Sheehan as well as former MP Tom Kettle . Redmond was and is still criticised for having encouraged so many Irish to fight in the Great War. However the Irish historian J. J. Lee wrote: "Redmond could have tactically done nothing other than support the British war campaign; . . . nobody committed to Irish unity could have behaved other than Redmond did at
1248-471: A lifelong dream. "If I may say so reverently", he told the House of Commons, "I personally thank God that I have lived to see this day". But Asquith did not incorporate into the bill any significant concessions to Ulster Unionists , who then campaigned relentlessly against it. Nonetheless, by 1914 Redmond had become a nationalist hero of Parnellite stature and could have had every expectation of becoming head of
1344-534: A manner characteristic of the man, in the family vault at the old Knight Hospitallers churchyard of Saint John's Cemetery, Wexford town, amongst his own people rather than in the traditional burial place for Irish statesmen and heroes in Glasnevin Cemetery . The small, neglected cemetery near the town centre is kept locked to the public – his vault, which had been in a dilapidated state, has been only partially restored by Wexford County Council . Redmond
1440-625: A new Irish government in Dublin . But like most leaders in the nationalist scene, not least his successors in the republican scene, he knew little of Ulster or the intensity of Unionist sentiment against home rule. His successor, John Dillon, claimed that Redmond had removed all the obstacles to Irish unity except those of the Ulster unionists. He had persuaded British public and political opinion of all hues of its merits. William O'Brien and his dissident All-for-Ireland League warned in similar vein, that
1536-658: A new bill, the Suspensory Act 1914 , which was presented for royal assent simultaneously with both the Government of Ireland Act 1914 and the Welsh Church Act 1914 . Although the two controversial Bills had now finally become statute on 18 September 1914, the Suspensory Act ensured that Home Rule would be postponed for the duration of the conflict and would not come into operation until the end of
1632-519: A proposal to exclude the whole of Ulster for six years. Asquith was seeking any solution that would avoid a civil war. During the emotional debate which lasted until 25 May 1914, Sir Edward Carson made the statement: "I say this to my Nationalist fellow-countrymen, and indeed also to the Government, you have never tried to win over Ulster. You have never tried to understand her position. You have never alleged, and you cannot allege, that this Bill gives her one atom of advantage." A government amending bill
1728-536: A rapid enactment of the Home Rule Act, and undoubtedly his words were a means to that end. He called on the country to support the Allied and British war effort and Britain's commitment under the Triple Entente ; this was a calculated response to the situation principally in the belief that the attained measure of self-government would be granted in full after the war and to be in a stronger position to stave off
1824-676: A reduction of Ireland's representation in the Commons. When informed by Lloyd George on 22 July 1916, Redmond accused the government of treachery. This was decisive in determining the future fortunes of the Home Rule movement. Lloyd George, now Prime Minister, made a second attempt to implement Home Rule in 1917, with the calling of the Irish Convention directed by Horace Plunkett . This consisted of Nationalist and Unionist representatives who, by April 1918, only succeeded in agreeing on
1920-644: A report with an 'understanding' on recommendations for the establishment of self-government. The end of the war, in November 1918, was followed by the December 1918 general election . In the Irish part of the election , the majority of seats were won by the republican separatist Sinn Féin . In January 1919, the Irish War of Independence broke out, so that the 1914 Act was never implemented. The future of Home Rule
2016-471: A settlement from the convention was impossible. An operation in March 1918 to remove an intestinal obstruction appeared to progress well at first, but then he suffered heart failure. He died a few hours later at a London nursing home on 6 March 1918. One of the last things he said to the Jesuit Father who was with him to the end, was, Father, I am a broken-hearted man . At the convention, his last move
SECTION 20
#17327650427202112-547: A smile on their lips because it was given for Ireland". Speaking at Maryborough on 16 August 1914, he addressed a 2,000-strong assembly of Irish Volunteers, some armed, saying he had told the British Parliament that: for the first time in the history of the connection between England and Ireland, it was safe to-day for England to withdraw her armed troops from our country and that the sons of Ireland themselves, North and South, Catholic and Protestant, and whatever
2208-496: A temporary arrangement, as understood by Redmond. Lloyd George however gave the Ulster politician, Carson, a written guarantee that Ulster would not be forced into a self-governing Ireland. His tactic was to ensure that neither side would find out before a compromise was implemented. A modified Act of 1914 had been developed by the Cabinet on 17 June. The Act had two amendments enforced by Unionists on 19 July – permanent exclusion and
2304-594: A visceral antipathy to the English and their colonies. Redmond initially supported the introduction of the Liberals' 1907 Irish Council Bill , which was also supported by O'Brien and IPP members who initially voted for the first reading. Redmond said, "if this measure fulfilled certain conditions I laid down we should consider it an aid to Home Rule". When this was rejected by Dillon and the UIL, Redmond, fearing another Party split, quietly endured Dillon's dictate of distancing
2400-667: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Government of Ireland Act 1914 The Government of Ireland Act 1914 ( 4 & 5 Geo. 5 . c. 90), also known as the Home Rule Act , and before enactment as the Third Home Rule Bill , was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to provide home rule (self-government within
2496-605: The 10th and 16th (Irish) Divisions of the New British Army , while a minority of around 9,700 members remained as the original Irish Volunteers. Redmond believed that the German Empire 's hegemony and military expansion threatened the freedom of Europe and that it was Ireland's duty, having achieved future self-government: "to the best of her ability to go where ever the firing line extends, in defence of right, of freedom and of religion in this war. It would be
2592-592: The Conservative Party for more than a decade, the new century saw much favourable legislation enacted in Ireland's interest. An electoral swing to the Liberal Party in the 1906 general election renewed Redmond's opportunities for working with government policy. The Liberals, however, did not yet back his party's demands for full Home Rule, which contributed to a renewal of agrarian radicalism in
2688-561: The House of Commons of the United Kingdom . He was best known as leader of the moderate Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) from 1900 until his death in 1918. He was also the leader of the paramilitary organisation the Irish National Volunteers (INV). He was born to an old prominent Catholic family in rural Ireland; several relatives were politicians. He took over control of the minority IPP faction loyal to Charles Stewart Parnell when that leader died in 1891. Redmond
2784-662: The Nationalist Party (from 1882 the Irish Parliamentary Party ) candidate in the by-election to fill the open seat, but was disappointed to learn that Parnell had already promised the next vacancy to his secretary Tim Healy . Nevertheless, Redmond supported Healy as the nominee, and when another vacancy arose, this time in New Ross , he won the election unopposed as the Parnellite candidate for
2880-599: The New British Army and support the British and Allied war effort to restore the "freedom of small nations" on the European continent, thereby to also ensure the implementation of Home Rule after a war that was expected to be of short duration. However, after the Easter Rising of 1916, Irish public opinion shifted in favour of militant republicanism and full Irish independence, so that his party lost its dominance in Irish politics. John Edward Redmond (the younger)
2976-621: The Second Dail was superseded by the establishment of the Irish Free State . The Irish Civil War followed. Home Rule was finally implemented in 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 which introduced two Home Rule parliaments, although only adopted by the six counties forming Northern Ireland . John Redmond's home town of Wexford remained a strongly Redmondite area for decades afterwards. The seat of Waterford city
Home Rule Act - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-486: The Third Home Rule Bill in April 1912, to grant Ireland national self-government. The Lords no longer had the power to block such a bill, only to delay its enactment for two years. Home Rule had reached the pinnacle of its success and Redmond had gone much further than any of his predecessors in shaping British politics to the needs of the Irish. Redmond was an opponent of votes for women and had abstained on votes regarding
3168-485: The Ulster Covenant pledging to defy Home Rule by all means possible. The Covenant was developed by Carson and organised by Sir James Craig . This Covenant specifically pledged not to acknowledge any Parliament out of Dublin, nor to obey its laws, nor pay any taxes levied by its government. This would be problematic especially since Ulster was the wealthiest and most prosperous part of Ireland. In January 1913,
3264-577: The United Kingdom ) for Ireland . It was the third such bill introduced by a Liberal government during a 28-year period in response to agitation for Irish Home Rule . The Act was the first law ever approved by the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provided for a devolved government in any part of the UK proper (as opposed to colonial territories). However, the implementation of both it and
3360-518: The 1870s, pledged to assist the Liberals in return for the introduction of a home rule bill. The Parliament Act 1911 then replaced the unlimited veto of the Lords with one lasting only 2 years, ensuring that a bill passed by the Commons could not be blocked for more than two years. The Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith , introduced the Bill on 11 April 1912. Allowing more autonomy than its two predecessors,
3456-664: The Act, leading to O'Brien's resignation from the party in November 1903. Redmond approved of the unsuccessful 1904 devolution proposals of the Irish Reform Association . Despite their differences, Redmond and Dillon made a good team: Redmond, who was a fine speaker and liked the House of Commons, dealt with the British politicians, while Dillon, who disliked London, the Commons and their influence on Irish politicians, stayed in Ireland and kept Redmond in touch with national feelings. Though government had been dominated by
3552-558: The British Conservative Party. Redmond misjudged them as merely bluffing. Carson predicted that if any attempt to coerce any part of Ulster were made, "a united Ireland within the lifetime of anyone now living would be out of the question". During negotiations early in 1914, two lines of concessions for the Carsonites were formulated: autonomy for Ulster in the form of 'Home Rule within Home Rule', which Redmond
3648-779: The Conservatives and Liberal Unionists, who were opposed to Home Rule, controlled Parliament. Redmond supported the Unionist Irish Secretary Gerald Balfour programme of Constructive Unionism, while advising the Tory Government that its self-declared policy of "killing Home Rule with kindness" would not achieve its objective. The Unionists bought out most of the Protestant landowners, thereby reducing rural unrest in Ireland. Redmond dropped all interest in agrarian radicalism and, unlike
3744-668: The Home Rule passage and many Home Rulers would be troubled by this event. After the Rising, two attempts were made during the First World War to implement the Act. The first attempt came in June 1916, when Prime Minister H. H. Asquith sent David Lloyd George , then Minister for Munitions, to Dublin to offer immediate implementation to the leaders of the Irish Party, Redmond and Dillon. The scheme concerned partition, officially
3840-648: The Home Rule process, he stated: "Armed Nationalist Catholics in the South will be only too glad to join arms with the armed Protestant Ulstermen in the North. Is it too much to hope that out of this situation there may spring a result which will be good, not merely for the Empire, but good for the future welfare and integrity of the Irish nation?" Under these circumstances, any political bargaining might well have been disastrous to Home Rule. Redmond desperately wanted and needed
3936-466: The House of Lords rejected it by 326 votes to 69. Later in 1913, it was reintroduced and again passed by the Commons and rejected by the Lords, this time by 302 votes to 64. In 1914, after the third reading, the Bill was passed by the Commons on 25 May 1914 by a majority of 77. Having been defeated a third time in the Lords, the Government used the provisions of the Parliament Act 1911 to override
Home Rule Act - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-559: The Irish Party from any understanding with the landlord class. The first election of January 1910 changed everything to Redmond's advantage, returning a hung parliament in which his parliamentary party held the balance of power at Westminster ; this marked a high point in his political career. The previous year, the Lords had blocked the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer , David Lloyd George . Redmond's party supported
4128-527: The Liberals in introducing a bill to curb the power of the House of Lords , which, after a second election in December 1910 had generated an almost identical result to the one in January, became the Parliament Act 1911 . Irish Home Rule (which the Lords had blocked in 1893) now became a realistic possibility. Redmond used his leverage to persuade the Liberal government of H. H. Asquith to introduce
4224-655: The Lords and send the bill for royal assent . Unionists in Ulster were opposed to a home-rule Ireland governed from Dublin. Hostility to the Home Rule Bill was increasing in the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, and Londonderry. Early in 1912, some of the residents of that area began forming small local militias. By April 1912, the Irish Unionist Alliance 's managing politician, Sir Edward Carson , could review 100,000 marching Ulster Volunteers . On 28 September 1912, more than 500,000 Unionists signed
4320-407: The Rising's leaders had been executed—Pearse, Thomas MacDonagh and Tom Clarke —Redmond said in the House of Commons: "This outbreak, happily, seems to be over. It has been dealt with firmness, which was not only right, but it was the duty of the Government to so deal with it". However, he urged the Government "not to show undue hardship or severity to the great masses of those who are implicated [in
4416-562: The Rising]". Redmond's plea, and John Dillon's, that the rebels be treated leniently were ignored. There followed Asquith's attempt to introduce Home Rule in July 1916. David Lloyd George , recently appointed Secretary of State for War, was sent to Dublin to offer this to the leaders of the Irish Party, Redmond and Dillon. The scheme revolved around partition, officially a temporary arrangement, as understood by Redmond. Lloyd George, however, gave
4512-576: The September 1900 general election . Then followed William O'Brien's amicable and conciliatory Land Conference of 1902 involving leading landlords under Lord Dunraven and tenant representatives O'Brien, Redmond, Timothy Harrington and T. W. Russell for the Ulster tenants. It resulted in the enactment of the unprecedented Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 . Redmond first sided with O'Brien's new strategy of "conciliation plus business", but refused O'Brien's demand to rebuke Dillon for his criticism of
4608-468: The Ulster leader Carson a written guarantee that Ulster would not be forced in. His tactic was to see that neither side would find out before a compromise was implemented. A modified Act of 1914 had been drawn up by the Cabinet on 17 June. The Act had two amendments enforced by Unionists on 19 July: permanent exclusion of Ulster, and a reduction of Ireland's representation in the Commons. Lloyd George informed Redmond of this on 22 July 1916, and Redmond accused
4704-596: The Unionist Council reorganised their volunteers into a paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), whose members threatened to resist by physical force the implementation of the Act and the authority of any restored Dublin Parliament by force of arms. On 28 November 1913, Irish Nationalists responded by forming the Irish Volunteers "to secure the rights and liberties common to all the people of Ireland". The government's willingness to effectively oppose
4800-661: The Unionist threat was rendered highly questionable by the Curragh Mutiny of 20 March 1914, when many British Army officers at Curragh in County Kildare, the main Army camp in Ireland, threatened to resign or accept dismissal rather than deploy against the Ulster Volunteers, forcing the government to cancel planned troop movements. At the Bill's third reading in the Commons on 21 May 1914 several members asked about
4896-447: The bill provided that: The financial situation was a concern. Irish taxes had yielded a surplus of £2 million in 1893, but by 1910 that had become a current spending net deficit of £1.5m, which had to be raised by London. An annual "Transferred Sum" mechanism was proposed, so that public spending in Ireland could be continued at the same level. The Bill was passed by the Commons by a majority of 10 votes in 1912, but in January 1913
SECTION 50
#17327650427204992-428: The cabinet but would have been unpopular in Ireland. Even in 1916, he felt supremely confident and optimistic despite timely warnings from Bonar Law of an impending insurrection. Redmond did not expect the 1916 Easter Rising , which was staged by the remaining Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army , led by a number of influential republicans , under Patrick Pearse . Pearse, who had in 1913 stood with Redmond on
5088-461: The convention, his health permanently affected by an accident in 1912, Redmond also suffered assault on the street in Dublin by a crowd of young Sinn Féin supporters on his way to the convention, which included Todd Andrews . On 15 January, just when he intended to move a motion on his proposal to have the Midleton plan agreed, some nationalist colleagues—the prominent Catholic Bishop O'Donnell and MP Joseph Devlin —expressed doubts. Rather than split
5184-440: The end of their concessions". On the division, they and their All-for-Ireland League abstained, so that the majority dropped from 85 to 77. Using the Parliament Act, the Lords was deemed to have passed the Act; it received the Royal Assent in September 1914. On the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the Home Rule Act was suspended for the duration of the conflict. Judged from the perspective of that time, Redmond had won
5280-541: The equally controversial Welsh Church Act 1914 was formally postponed for a minimum of twelve months with the beginning of the First World War . The continuation of the war beyond 1915 and subsequent developments in Ireland resulted in further postponements, meaning that the Act never became effective; it was finally superseded by a fourth home rule bill, enacted as the Government of Ireland Act 1920 , which partitioned Ireland , creating Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland , both intended to have Home Rule. During 1909,
5376-431: The exclusion remained an issue of some controversy. To save prolonged debate in parliament, George V called the Buckingham Palace Conference with two MPs each from the Liberal, Conservative, IPP and Irish Unionist parties. The conference, held between 21 and 24 July 1914, achieved very little. With the beginning of World War I on 4 August 1914, Asquith decided to abandon his Amending Bill, and instead rushed through
5472-419: The government of treachery. This was decisive to the future fortunes of the Home Rule movement; the Lloyd George debacle of 22 July finished the constitutional party, overthrew Redmond's power and left him utterly demoralised. It simultaneously discredited the politics of consent and created the space for radical alternatives. Redmond, after 1916 was increasingly eclipsed by ill-health, the rise of Sinn Féin and
5568-430: The government. What was still to be negotiated were the number of counties excluded (four, six or nine) and whether exclusion would be temporary or permanent. The compromise proposed by Asquith was straightforward. Six counties in northeast Ulster were to be excluded "temporarily" from the territory of the new Irish parliament and government, and continue to be governed as before from Westminster and Whitehall. The length of
5664-418: The growing dominance of Dillon within the Irish Party. June 1917 brought a severe personal blow to Redmond when his brother Willie died in action on the front at the onset of the Battle of Messines offensive in Flanders ; his vacant seat in East Clare was then won in July by Éamon de Valera , the most senior surviving commandant of the Easter insurgents. It was one of three by-election gains by Sinn Féin,
5760-534: The implementation of home rule. During the debate which followed Gladstone's conversion to Home Rule in 1886, he declared: "As a Nationalist, I do not regard as entirely palatable the idea that forever and a day Ireland's voice should be excluded from the councils of an empire which the genius and valour of her sons have done so much to build up and of which she is to remain". In 1899 Redmond married his second wife, Ada Beesley, an English Protestant who, after his death, converted to Catholicism. Having belatedly become
5856-455: The importation of industrial produce; the main location of Ireland's industrial development was Ulster , the north-east of the island, the only part of Ireland dominated by unionists. Most unionist leaders, especially Sir Edward Carson —with whom Redmond always had a good personal relationship, based on shared experiences at Trinity College Dublin and the Irish bar —threatened the use of force to prevent home rule, helped by their supporters in
SECTION 60
#17327650427205952-413: The mainstream nationalists, worked constructively alongside Unionists , such as Horace Plunkett , in the Recess Committee of 1895. It led to the establishment of a department of agriculture in 1899. He further argued that the land reforms and democratisation of elected local government under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 would in fact stimulate demands for Home Rule rather than dampen them, as
6048-461: The minority faction active. When Parnell died in 1891, Redmond became MP for Waterford and took over leadership of the Parnellite faction of the split party. Redmond lacked Parnell's oratory and charisma but did demonstrate both his organisational ability and his considerable rhetorical skills. He raised funds for the Parnell Monument in Dublin. The larger anti-Parnellite group formed the Irish National Federation (INF) under John Dillon . After 1895
6144-434: The nationalist side, he withdrew his motion. A vital chance was lost. He ended his participation by saying that under the circumstances he felt he could be of no further use to the Convention in the matter. His final word in the convention was the tragic one – Better for us never to have met than to have met and failed. Late in February the malady from which he was suffering grew worse. He left Dublin for London knowing that
6240-460: The occasion of a reception held in London to celebrate the release of the famous Fenian prisoner. As a clerk in the House of Commons, he increasingly identified himself with the fortunes of Charles Stewart Parnell , one of the founders of the Irish Land League and a noted obstructionist in the Commons. Redmond first attended political meetings with Parnell in 1879. Upon his father's death later in 1880, he wrote to Parnell asking for adoption as
6336-516: The oldest Hiberno-Norman families, and had for a long time been known as the Redmonds of 'The Hall', which is now known as Loftus Hall . His more immediate family were a remarkable political dynasty themselves. Redmond's grand uncle, John Edward Redmond , was a prominent banker and businessman before entering Parliament as a member for Wexford constituency in 1859; his statue stands in Redmond Square, Wexford town. After his death in 1866, his nephew, William Archer Redmond , this John Redmond's father,
6432-438: The origin of their race might have been – Williamite, Cromwellian, or old Celtic – standing shoulder to shoulder, would defend the good order and peace of Ireland, and defend her shores against any foreign foe. Redmond's appeal, however, to the Irish Volunteers to also enlist caused them to split; a large majority of 140,000 followed Redmond and formed the National Volunteers , who enthusiastically enlisted in Irish regiments of
6528-401: The part of the Ulster Covenanters , who formed the Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule, forcing Redmond to then in July take over control of their counterpart, the Irish Volunteers , established in November 1913 to enforce Home Rule. Asquith conceded to the Lords' demand to have the Government of Ireland Act 1914 , which had passed all stages in the Commons, amended to temporarily exclude
6624-403: The ranch wars of 1906–1910. Redmond's low-key and conciliatory style of leadership gave the impression of weakness but reflected the problem of keeping together a factionalised party. He grew in stature after 1906 and especially after 1910. As far as Redmond was concerned, the Home Rule movement was interested in promoting Irish nationality within the British Empire, but it was also a movement with
6720-434: The same platform where the Rising now took place, had at that time praised Redmond's efforts in achieving the promise of Home Rule. Redmond later acknowledged that the Rising was a shattering blow to his lifelong policy of constitutional action. It equally helped fuel republican sentiment, particularly when General Maxwell executed the leaders of the Rising, treating them as traitors in wartime. On 3 May 1916, after three of
6816-422: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Home Rule Act . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Home_Rule_Act&oldid=986953885 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
6912-407: The seat. On election (31 January 1881), he rushed to the House of Commons, made his maiden speech the next day amid stormy scenes following the arrest of Michael Davitt, then a Land League leader, and was ejected from the Commons all on the same evening. He served as MP for New Ross from 1881 to 1885, for North Wexford from 1885 to 1891 and for Waterford City from 1891 until his death in 1918. By
7008-476: The six counties of Northern Ireland , which for a period would continue to be governed by London, not Dublin, and to later make some special provision for them. A Buckingham Palace Conference failed to resolve the entangled situation. Strongly opposed to the partition of Ireland in any form, Redmond and his party reluctantly agreed to what they understood would be a trial exclusion of now six years; under Redmond's aspiration that "Ulster will have to follow", he
7104-464: The small separatist party that had played no part in the Rising, but was wrongly blamed by Britain and the Irish media. It was then taken over by surviving Rising leaders, under de Valera and the IRB . Just at this time, Redmond made a desperate effort to broker a new compromise with Irish unionists, when he accepted Lloyd George's proposal for a national convention to resolve the problem of Home Rule and draft
7200-477: The time of Redmond's election, the Land League conflict was by now at a turbulent stage. Early in 1882, he and his brother Willie were sent to Australia on a fundraising mission which was a success in both political and personal terms; in 1883 he and his brother married into the prosperous Irish-Australian Dalton family, and became friends with James Dalton and whom he spent much of his time with. His marriage
7296-485: The time. Otherwise, there would be no chance whatever of a united Ireland, in which Redmond passionately believed". During 1915 Redmond felt secure in his course and that the path was already partly cleared for Home Rule to be achieved without bloodshed. He was supported by continued by-election successes of the IPP, and felt strong enough to turn down the offer of a cabinet seat, which would have offset Carson's appointment to
7392-464: The topic. On 1 April 1912 he informed a delegation of the Irish Women's Franchise League that he would not support giving women the vote if home rule was granted. Redmond's opposition to female suffrage drew the ire of the suffragettes leading to the defacing of a statue of Redmond in 1913 by a suffragette protestor. For all its reservations, the Home Rule Bill was for Redmond the fulfilment of
7488-538: The trenches and risk their lives together and spill their blood together, and I say there is no power on earth that when they come home can induce them to turn as enemies upon one another. Redmond also argued that "No people can be said to have rightly proved their nationhood and their power to maintain it until they have demonstrated their military prowess". He praised Irish soldiers, "with their astonishing courage and their beautiful faith, with their natural military genius […] offering up their supreme sacrifice of life with
7584-516: The use of physical force and was committed to political change by constitutional means, campaigning constitutionally for Home Rule as an interim form of All-Ireland self-government within the United Kingdom. In November 1890 the Irish Parliamentary Party split over Parnell's leadership when his long-standing adultery with Katharine O'Shea was revealed in a spectacular divorce case. Redmond stood by Parnell and worked to keep
7680-470: The volatile Northern Ireland situation was left unresolved. Home rule was vehemently opposed by many Irish Protestants , the Irish Unionist Party and Ulster's Orange Order , who feared domination in an overwhelmingly Catholic state. Unionists also feared economic problems, namely that the predominantly agricultural Ireland would impose tariffs on British goods, leading to restrictions on
7776-482: The war. (Eventually Home Rule was considered by the Irish Convention in 1917–18, and by the cabinet from September 1919; the Welsh Church Act was delayed until March 1920). The Ulster question was 'solved' in the same way: through the promise of amending legislation which was left undefined. Dublin was a battlefield for a week during the Easter Rising of 1916. This rebellion would have a major effect on
7872-532: The widespread resistance and protests during the resulting conscription crisis . The crisis boosted Sinn Féin so that in the December general election it won the vast majority of seats, leaving the Nationalist Party with only six seats for the 220,837 votes cast (21.7%) (down from 84 seats out of 103 in 1910). The party did not win a proportionate share of seats because the election was not run under
7968-494: Was a conciliatory politician who achieved the two main objectives of his political life: party unity and, in September 1914, the passing of the Government of Ireland Act 1914 . The Act granted limited self-government to Ireland, within the United Kingdom. However, implementation of Home Rule was suspended on the outbreak of the First World War . Redmond called on the National Volunteers to join Irish regiments of
8064-507: Was an adoption of O’Brien's policy of accommodating Unionist opposition in the North and in the South. It was too late. Had he joined O’Brien ten years before and carried the Irish Party with him, it is possible that Ireland's destiny would have been settled by evolution. Condolences and expressions of sympathy were widely expressed. After a funeral service in Westminster Cathedral his remains were interred, as requested in
8160-420: Was belatedly prepared to concede a large measure of autonomy to it to come in. Redmond's confidence was strong and communicated itself to Ireland. But whatever could be said to shake confidence was said by William O'Brien and Tim Healy , who denounced the Bill as worthless when linked to the plan of even temporary partition and declared that, whatever the Government might say at present, "we had not yet reached
8256-591: Was born at Ballytrent House, Kilrane, County Wexford , his grandfather's old family mansion. He was the eldest son of William Archer Redmond , MP by Mary, daughter of General Hoey, the brother of Francis Hoey, heir of the Hoey seat, Dunganstown Castle, County Wicklow . For over seven hundred years the Redmonds had been a prominent Catholic gentry family in County Wexford and Wexford town. They were one of
8352-508: Was determined by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . It established Northern Ireland , with a functional government, and Southern Ireland , the governmental institutions of which never functioned completely. Following the Anglo-Irish Treaty , Southern Ireland became the Irish Free State . John Redmond John Edward Redmond (1 September 1856 – 6 March 1918) was an Irish nationalist politician, barrister , and MP in
8448-442: Was elected to the seat and soon emerged as a prominent supporter of Isaac Butt 's new policy for home rule. John Redmond was the brother of Willie Redmond , MP for Wexford and East Clare , and the father of William Redmond a TD for Waterford , whose wife was Bridget Redmond , later also a TD for Waterford. Redmond's family heritage was more complex than that of most of his nationalist political colleagues. His mother came from
8544-642: Was granted the gesture of the 16th (Irish) Division which, with the exception of its Irish General William Hickie at first had mostly English officers, unlike the Ulster Division which had its own reserve militia officers, since most of the experienced officers in Ireland had already been posted to the 10th (Irish) Division and most Irish recruits enlisting in the new army lacked the military training to act as officers. Redmond's own son, William Redmond , enlisted, as did his own brother Major Willie Redmond MP, despite being aged over 50 years. They belonged to
8640-462: Was inclined to, or alternatively the Lloyd George scheme of three years as the time limit for temporary exclusion. Redmond grudgingly acquiesced to this as "the price of peace". From the moment Carson spurned 'temporary' exclusion, the country began a plunge into anarchy. The situation took on an entirely new aspect in late March with the Curragh Mutiny together with the spectre of civil war on
8736-409: Was introduced in the House of Lords on 23 June 1914 (before the Lords had considered the original Home Rule bill itself) and passed there with amendments on 8 July. Carson and the Irish Unionist Party (mostly Ulster MPs) backed the amending bill, which provided for "temporary exclusion of Ulster" from the workings of the future Act. The Lords' amendments to the amending bill were unacceptable to
8832-461: Was one of the few outside Ulster not to be won by Sinn Féin in the 1918 general election. Redmond's son William Redmond represented the city until his death in 1932. A later Irish Taoiseach (prime minister), John Bruton , hung a painting of Redmond, whom he regarded as his hero because of his perceived commitment to non-violence in Ireland, in his office in Ireland's Leinster House Government Buildings. However, his successor Bertie Ahern replaced
8928-555: Was regarded as the best speaker in the school's debating society. After finishing at Clongowes, Redmond attended Trinity College Dublin to study law, but his father's ill health led him to abandon his studies before taking a degree. In 1876 he left to live with his father in London, acting as his assistant in Westminster , where he developed more fascination for politics than for law. He first came into contact with Michael Davitt on
9024-558: Was short-lived but happy: his wife Johanna died early in 1889 after bearing him three children. He also travelled in 1884, 1886 and 1904 to the US, where he was to use more extreme language but found his contact with Irish-American extremism daunting. His Australian experience, on the other hand, had a strong influence on his political outlook, causing him to embrace an Irish version of Liberal Imperialism and to remain anxious to retain Irish representation and Ireland's voice at Westminster even after
9120-460: Was succeeded in the party leadership by John Dillon and spared the experience of further political setbacks when after the German spring offensive of April 1918, Britain, caught in a desperate war of attrition, attempted to introduce conscription in Ireland linked with implementation of Home Rule. The Irish Nationalists led by Dillon walked out of the House of Commons and returned to Ireland to join in
9216-498: Was the case. When on 6 February 1900, through the initiative of William O'Brien and his United Irish League (UIL), the INL and the INF re-united again within the Irish Parliamentary Party, Redmond was elected its chairman (leader), a position he held until his death in 1918—a longer period than any other nationalist leader, except Éamon de Valera and Daniel O'Connell . However, Redmond,
#719280