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65-568: The Homebrew Computer Club was an early computer hobbyist group in Menlo Park, California , which met from March 1975 to December 1986. The club had an influential role in the development of the microcomputer revolution and the rise of that aspect of the Silicon Valley information technology industrial complex. Several high-profile hackers and computer entrepreneurs emerged from its ranks, including Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak ,

130-441: A copy machine). As such, the modern practice for representing a 4-way wire connection is to draw a straight wire and then to draw the other wires staggered along it with "dots" as connections (see diagram), so as to form two separate T-junctions that brook no confusion and are clearly not a crossover. For crossing wires that are insulated from one another, a small semi-circle symbol is commonly used to show one wire "jumping over"

195-416: A descriptor or reference designator matching that on the list of parts. For example, C1 is the first capacitor , L1 is the first inductor , Q1 is the first transistor , and R1 is the first resistor . Often the value or type designation of the component is given on the diagram beside the part, but detailed specifications would go on the parts list. Detailed rules for reference designations are provided in

260-586: A large extent internationally standardized. Simple components often had symbols intended to represent some feature of the physical construction of the device. For example, the symbol for a resistor dates back to the time when that component was made from a long piece of wire wrapped in such a manner as to not produce inductance, which would have made it a coil . These wirewound resistors are now used only in high-power applications, smaller resistors being cast from carbon composition (a mixture of carbon and filler ) or fabricated as an insulating tube or chip coated with

325-582: A male householder with no wife present. About 5.2% were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 0.8% were same-sex married couples or partnerships . About 29.7% were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53. The average family size was 3.20. In terms of age, 7,805 residents (24.4%) were under the age of 18, 1,817 people (5.7%) aged 18 to 24, 9,563 people (29.9%) aged 25 to 44, 8,263 people (25.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,578 people (14.3%) were 65 years of age or older. The median age

390-431: A metal film. The internationally standardized symbol for a resistor is therefore now simplified to an oblong, sometimes with the value in ohms written inside, instead of the zig-zag symbol. A less common symbol is simply a series of peaks on one side of the line representing the conductor, rather than back-and-forth. The linkages between leads were once simple crossings of lines. With the arrival of computerized drafting,

455-736: A project to raise funds for and build a replica of the original Menlo Park gates. The chosen site was at 800 Alma Street in front of the Menlo Park public library. The replica was completed in 2019. On March 17, 2019, Menlo Park Mayor Ray Mueller officially dedicated the reproduction of the Menlo Gates. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45 km ), of which 9.8 square miles (25 km ) are land and 7.6 square miles (20 km ) are covered by water. Menlo Park

520-463: A pub located on El Camino Real in nearby Menlo Park, recalled years later by a member as "Homebrew's other staging area". As Steven Levy wrote about the Oasis gatherings: Piling into wooden booths with tables deeply etched with the initials of generations of Stanford students, Garland and Melen and Marsh and Felsenstein and Dompier and French and whoever else felt like showing up would get emboldened by

585-534: A vertical power supply rail on the left and another on the right, and components strung between them like the rungs of a ladder. Once the schematic has been made, it is converted into a layout that can be fabricated onto a printed circuit board (PCB). Schematic-driven layout starts with the process of schematic capture . The result is what is known as a rat's nest . The rat's nest is a jumble of wires (lines) criss-crossing each other to their destination nodes. These wires are routed either manually or automatically by

650-737: Is a Catholic seminary in Menlo Park. There are two libraries, the Main branch and the Belle Haven branch. As part of the Peninsula Library System , they share many resources with other nearby libraries. Much of Menlo Park's economy revolves around the companies on Sand Hill Road , consisting of venture capital, private equity, financial services, law firms, and other professional service companies and investment vehicles focusing on technology. Geron , Katerra , Robert Half International , Exponent , and SRI International are among

715-532: Is also the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge , which connects Menlo Park with the East Bay city of Fremont ; the Menlo Park end is located immediately adjacent to Meta Platforms' headquarters. The city is flanked by U.S. Route 101 on its eastern end and by Interstate 280 on its western end. Menlo Park's transit is primarily served by its eponymous train station , served by Caltrain . SamTrans

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780-596: Is long and narrow on a northeast to southwest axis. The northeast portion borders the San Francisco Bay and includes the Dumbarton Bridge that connects Menlo Park to Fremont on the east side of the bay. The city shoreline includes the city's largest park, Bedwell Bayfront Park (160 acres; 65 ha) and the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge . San Francisquito Creek marks much of

845-559: Is named for the Allied Arts Guild in it). In the hills are Sharon Heights and Stanford Hills. Several other neighborhoods are closely associated with Menlo Park but are actually in unincorporated San Mateo county; these include Menlo Oaks and Fair Oaks (latter part of the North Fair Oaks census area) between Bayshore and Middlefield, University Heights (also known as West Menlo Park) between Sharon Heights and most of

910-693: Is part of the Sequoia Union High School District , with all of the city falling into the boundaries of Menlo-Atherton High School ; some areas of the city have the option to attend Woodside High School . Private elementary schools include two Catholic parochial schools, St. Raymond Catholic Elementary School and Nativity Elementary School; the Episcopalian Trinity School ; Phillips Brooks School , pre-kindergarten to 5th grade; and Peninsula School, from kindergarten to 8th grade. The Willows Campus of

975-506: Is split between Supervisorial District 3 (west of El Camino Real) and Supervisorial District 4 (east of El Camino Real), currently represented by Ray Mueller and Warren Slocum, respectively. In the California State Legislature , Menlo Park is in the 13th Senate District , represented by Democrat Josh Becker , and is split between the 21st Assembly District , represented by Democrat Diane Papan and

1040-542: Is the farthest of the three major Bay Area airports from Menlo Park, with drivers having to cross the Bay through one of the three bridges across it, and transit users needing to use either the Dumbarton Express, SamTrans, or Caltrain to connect to BART services.. Circuit diagram Unlike a block diagram or layout diagram , a circuit diagram shows the actual electrical connections . A drawing meant to depict

1105-567: Is the primary provider of bus transport throughout the city. Menlo Park's eastern ends were previously considered for a short-lived BART extension along the Bayshore Freeway . BART and Caltrain are also the primary transit modes for Menlo Park's connections to the San Francisco Bay Area's airports. Menlo Park is located about halfway between San Francisco International Airport and San Jose International Airport ;

1170-687: The 23rd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Marc Berman . In the United States House of Representatives , East Palo Alto is in California's 16th congressional district , represented by Democrat Anna Eshoo . According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Menlo Park has 19,339 registered voters—9,984 (51.6%) of whom are registered Democrats , 2,989 (15.5%) registered Republicans , and 5,683 (29.4%) undeclared . In 1976,

1235-626: The PBS documentary series Triumph of the Nerds (1996). However the depiction of how the club worked was not entirely accurate. Menlo Park, California Menlo Park ( / ˈ m ɛ n l oʊ / MEN -loh ) is a city at the eastern edge of San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California , United States. It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto , Palo Alto , and Stanford to

1300-525: The Portolá expedition arrived in 1769. In 1795, the Rancho de las Pulgas Spanish land grant was made that included the area of the current city. In 1851, two Irish immigrants, Dennis J. Oliver and his brother-in-law, D.C. McGlynn, purchased a 1,700-acre (690 ha) tract of land on the former Rancho de las Pulgas . In 1854, they erected a gate with a wooden arch bearing the inscription "Menlo Park" and

1365-557: The Stanford Medical School . An anecdote from member Thomas "Todd" Fischer relates that after the more-or-less "formal" meetings the participants often reconvened for an informal, late night "swap meet" in the parking lot of the Safeway store down the road, as SLAC campus rules prohibited such activity on campus property. Others, at the suggestion of Roger Melen , convened at The Oasis, a bar and grill they considered

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1430-821: The City Council limited mayors from serving consecutive one-year terms. For primary schools, the central portions of Menlo Park are served by the Menlo Park City School District , while the Belle Haven neighborhood and VA hospital are served by the Ravenswood City School District , and the Sharon Heights and Stanford Hills neighborhoods served by the Las Lomitas Elementary School District . For high school, Menlo Park

1495-599: The Homebrew Computer Club played in creating the first personal computers, although the movie took the liberty of placing the meeting in Berkeley and misrepresented the meeting process. Many of the original members of the Homebrew Computer Club continue to meet (as of 2009), having formed the 6800 Club, named after the Motorola (now Freescale ) 6800 microprocessor. Occasionally and variously renamed after

1560-532: The International standard IEC 61346 . It is a usual (although not universal) convention that schematic drawings are organized on the page from left to right and top to bottom in the same sequence as the flow of the main signal or power path. For example, a schematic for a radio receiver might start with the antenna input at the left of the page and end with the loudspeaker at the right. Positive power supply connections for each stage would be shown towards

1625-568: The Sharon Heights area. The residential areas of Menlo Park can be unofficially divided into several neighborhoods. From "east" (northeast toward San Francisco Bay) to "west" (southwest toward the Pacific Coast), they are defined by the Palo Alto Weekly as: Belle Haven is the only neighborhood east of Route 101; much of the rest of that area is business or protected land. Between 101 and the roughly parallel Middlefield Road are

1690-649: The United States; nearly 70% of residents over 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. "Menlo" is derived from Menlo (the anglicized spelling of Irish Gaelic 'Mionloch', meaning 'small lake') in County Galway , Ireland. The name "Menlo Park" was given to a ranch purchased by Irish settlers in honor of their home village in Ireland. The area of Menlo Park was inhabited by the Ohlone people when

1755-420: The age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.67% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.15. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under

1820-442: The age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. As of the 2000 estimate census, the median income for a household in the city was $ 82,609. Males had a median income of $ 77,766 versus $ 59,101 for females. The per capita income for

1885-600: The area of the first Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer, a unit sent for review by People's Computer Company . Steve Wozniak credits that first meeting as the inspiration to design the Apple I . The second meeting was held at Peninsula School in Menlo Park, California . Subsequent meetings were held at an auditorium at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), until 1978, when meetings moved to

1950-533: The census of 2009, there were 33,690 people, 12,543 households, and 7,248 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,441.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,328.7/km ). There were 14,026 housing units at an average density of 1,432.7 units per square mile (553.2 units/km ). 64.2% spoke English, 19.5% Spanish, other Indo-European 4.2%, 4.6% Chinese or Mandarin , and other language 0.7%, as their first language from estimate census 2009. There were 12,543 households, out of which 25.8% had children under

2015-491: The city was $ 51,341. About 5.9% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those over age 64. As of 2009 the median income for a family was $ 123,251. City Council members are elected in districts to staggered four-year terms, in nonpartisan municipal elections every two years. On the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors , Menlo Park

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2080-642: The companies based in Menlo Park. Meta Platforms moved its headquarters to the former campus of Sun Microsystems in Menlo Park in December 2011. In 2012, Meta (then known as Facebook) announced it would be Menlo Park's biggest employer, with 6,600 employees. According to the city's 2023 annual comprehensive financial report , the city's top employers were: Santa Cruz Avenue runs as the "Main Street" within Menlo Park; terminates at El Camino Real which runs concurrently with California State Route 82 . The city

2145-436: The connection of two intersecting wires was shown by a crossing of wires with a "dot" or "blob" to indicate a connection. At the same time, the crossover was simplified to be the same crossing, but without a "dot". However, there was a danger of confusing the wires that were connected and not connected in this manner, if the dot was drawn too small or accidentally omitted (e.g. the "dot" could disappear after several passes through

2210-540: The date "August 1854" at the entrance to their property (now the intersection of Middle Ave and El Camino Real). In 1863, the San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road had built the railroad from San Francisco to as far as Mayfield (now California Avenue station in Palo Alto) and started running trains to the area. They named a nearby station "Menlo Park" after the sign. The 1867 station building still stands on

2275-450: The drawing. Detailed rules for the preparation of circuit diagrams, and other document types used in electrotechnology, are provided in the international standard IEC 61082-1 . Circuit diagrams are often drawn with the same standardized title block and frame as other engineering drawings . Relay logic line diagrams, also called ladder logic diagrams, use another common standardized convention for organizing schematic drawings, with

2340-425: The former can be accessed by using Caltrain and either BART's Red , or Yellow Line during 3-line service, or SamTrans route 292 (both connecting to Caltrain at Millbrae station ), while the latter connects to Menlo Park through Caltrain and VTA services through a transfer at Diridon station . Drivers to and from Menlo Park can connect to both San Jose and San Francisco airports through using US 101. Oakland Airport

2405-458: The founders of Apple Computer . With its newsletter and monthly meetings promoting an open exchange of ideas, the club has been described as "the crucible for an entire industry" as it pertains to personal computing . The Homebrew Computer Club was an informal group of electronic enthusiasts and technically minded hobbyists who gathered to trade parts, circuits , and information pertaining to DIY construction of personal computing devices. It

2470-407: The founders of many microcomputer companies, including Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs ( Apple Computer ), Harry Garland and Roger Melen ( Cromemco ), Thomas "Todd" Fischer ( IMSAI Division, Fischer-Freitas Company), George Morrow (Morrow Designs), Paul Terrell (Byte Shop), Adam Osborne ( Osborne Computer ), and Bob Marsh ( Processor Technology ). John Draper was a member of the club, as

2535-507: The hills of south west Menlo Park was developed and called "Sharon Heights". The development of leading Internet search engine provider Google occurred in 1998 in the garage in a Menlo Park home owned by Susan Wojcicki . Wojcicki's Menlo Park garage was used as the office for Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin for $ 1,700 a month. In 2015, the Menlo Park Historical Association (MPHA) began

2600-543: The meeting's energy and pitchers of beer. The Oasis closed on March 7, 2018, due to unaffordable rent. Its Menlo Park building is a historical landmark; in 2019 the building became home to a venture capital firm, Pear VC . The 1999 made-for-television movie Pirates of Silicon Valley (and the book on which it is based, Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer ) describes the role

2665-749: The meetings about the progress of the Altair 8800 in the factory and provide copies of the MITS Newsletter to members. He later started Byte Shop, an affordable computer store in Mountain View, California, and bought the first 50 Apple I Computers from Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak after they did a demonstration of the Apple I at a meeting at SLAC. The first issue of the newsletter was published on March 15, 1975, and continued through several designs, ending after 21 issues in December 1977. The newsletter

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2730-627: The neighborhoods of the Willows, Suburban Park, Lorelei Manor, Flood Triangle, Vintage Oaks, and South of Seminary (the seminary being Saint Patrick's Seminary ). Between Middlefield and El Camino Real are the Caltrain track and Felton Gables, Linfield Oaks, and Park Forest. West of El Camino until the foothills of the Peninsula are the neighborhoods of Downtown Menlo Park, Central Menlo Park, and Allied Arts (sometimes also known as Stanford Park, it

2795-534: The original kit computers, like the Altair. One such influential event was the publication of Bill Gates 's " Open Letter to Hobbyists ", which lambasted the early hackers of the time for violating the copyrights of commercial software programs. Paul Terrell, partner in Repco who was the exclusive sales rep company for MITS in Northern California, was a member of the club and would provide information at

2860-485: The other wire (similar to how jumper wires are used). A common, hybrid style of drawing combines the T-junction crossovers with "dot" connections and the wire "jump" semi-circle symbols for insulated crossings. In this manner, a "dot" that is too small to see or that has accidentally disappeared can still be clearly differentiated from a "jump". On a circuit diagram, the symbols for components are labelled with

2925-541: The physical arrangement of the wires and the components they connect is called artwork or layout , physical design , or wiring diagram . Circuit diagrams are used for the design ( circuit design ), construction (such as PCB layout), and maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment. In computer science , circuit diagrams are useful when visualizing expressions using Boolean algebra . Circuit diagrams are pictures with symbols that have differed from country to country and have changed over time, but are now to

2990-462: The platform of the current Caltrain station , used by the local Chamber of Commerce. It holds the record as the oldest, continually operating train station in California. The town of Menlo Park grew up around this station, becoming a popular home for San Francisco businessmen. A post office was established in 1870, and the city was incorporated in 1874 (it dissolved after two years, but later

3055-455: The population, most of whom (4,303) were of Mexican ancestry. The Census reported that 31,181 people (97.4% of the population) lived in households, 599 (1.9%) lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and 246 (0.8%) were institutionalized. Of the 12,347 households, 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 49.9% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 8.4%had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.0% had

3120-558: The private K–12 Silicon Valley International School , formerly known as German-American International School and Alto International School, is also in the city. Menlo School , a private middle and high school, is in Atherton on the border with Menlo Park. Sacred Heart School, Atherton , a Catholic middle and high school, is also in Atherton on the border with Menlo Park. For higher education, Saint Patrick's Seminary and University

3185-465: The release of the 6800, 6809, and other microprocessors, the group continues to meet monthly in Cupertino, California . Most of the members were hobbyists but had an electronic engineering or computer programming background. They came to the meetings to talk about the Altair 8800, to review other technical topics, and to exchange schematics and programming tips. From the ranks of this club came

3250-696: The rest of the Stanford Village. Sunset magazine moved to its headquarters in Menlo Park in 1951, designed by architect, Cliff May , with a similar layout to a California ranch-style house . Sunset referred to its Menlo Park headquarters as the Laboratory of Western Living. In the 1960s, the former 600-acre (240 ha) estate of Frederick W. Sharon (1859–1914) (son of Senator William Sharon ) and his wife, Louise Tevis Breckinridge Sharon (1858–1938; daughter of Lloyd Tevis and divorced wife of John Witherspoon Breckinridge ), in

3315-543: The rest of the city, and Stanford Weekend Acres, which is somewhat near Stanford Hills. The 2010 United States Census reported that Menlo Park had a population of 32,026. Its population density was 3,271.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,263.1/km ). The racial makeup of Menlo Park was 22,494 (70.2%) White, 1,551 (4.8%) African American, 156 (0.5%) Native American, 3,157 (9.9%) Asian, 454 (1.4%) Pacific Islander, 2,776 (8.7%) from other races, and 1,438 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 18.4% of

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3380-605: The site of a Veterans Administration Hospital off of Willow Road in Menlo Park. In the autumn of 1918, a flu pandemic hit Camp Fremont and killed 147. At the start of World War II , the US government bought the 260-acre (110 ha) estate of Timothy Hopkins from his widow and created the Palo Alto General Hospital, later renamed the Dibble General Hospital (after Colonel John Dibble, who

3445-434: The south; and Atherton , North Fair Oaks , and Redwood City to the west. It had 33,780 residents at the 2020 United States census . It is home to the corporate headquarters of Meta , and is where Google , Roblox Corporation , and Round Table Pizza were founded. The train station holds the record as the oldest continually operating train station in California. It is one of the most educated cities in California and

3510-483: The southeast border of the city. West Menlo Park ( unincorporated area ) along Alameda de las Pulgas nearly separates the southwestern part of the city (known as Sharon Heights) from the rest. The extreme southwest is clipped by Interstate 280 . The Bayshore Freeway (part of U.S. Route 101 ) traverses Menlo Park northwest to southeast near the shoreline and somewhat parallel to the Bayshore Freeway to

3575-489: The southwest is El Camino Real . The intersection of El Camino Real and Santa Cruz Avenue is considered the heart of the city. Nearby, the Menlo Park Civic Center is bounded by Ravenswood Avenue, Alma Street, Laurel Street, and Burgess Drive. It contains the council offices, library, police station, and Burgess Park, which has various recreational facilities. Other major roads include Sand Hill Road in

3640-403: The top of the page, with grounds, negative supplies, or other return paths towards the bottom. Schematic drawings intended for maintenance may have the principal signal paths highlighted to assist in understanding the signal flow through the circuit. More complex devices have multi-page schematics and must rely on cross-reference symbols to show the flow of signals between the different sheets of

3705-462: The use of electronics design automation (EDA) tools. The EDA tools arrange and rearrange the placement of components and find paths for tracks to connect various nodes. This results in the final layout artwork for the integrated circuit or printed circuit board . A generalized design flow may be as follows: Teaching about the functioning of electrical circuits is often on primary and secondary school curricula. Students are expected to understand

3770-485: Was Jerry Lawson (creator of the first cartridge-based video game system, Fairchild Channel F ). Li-Chen Wang , developer of Palo Alto Tiny Basic and graphics software for the Cromemco Dazzler , was a club member, and Lee Felsenstein was moderator of the club meetings. Steve Inness was a primary designer of one of the early cell phone touch screens as well as a business partner with John Draper. Liza Loop

3835-456: Was Menlo, Washington . In 1917–18, a large portion of Menlo Park was the site of Camp Fremont , a training camp for, at its height, 27,000 men being sent to fight in World War I . It did not last long (the camp was dismantled after the war), but army engineers paved the first streets in Menlo Park and laid the first water and gas lines. The army did retain the camp hospital, and it is now

3900-515: Was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The 13,085 housing units averaged 1,336.6 units per square mile (516.1 units/km ), of which 6,927 (56.1%) were owner-occupied, and 5,420 (43.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%; 18,972 people (59.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,209 people (38.1%) lived in rental housing units. As of

3965-428: Was an early member and the first woman to join. Others went on to other pursuits, such as Dan Werthimer , who is a researcher in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence . The Homebrew Computer Club's newsletter was one of the most influential forces in the formation of the culture of Silicon Valley . Created and edited by its members, it initiated the idea of the personal computer , and helped its members build

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4030-568: Was killed in 1943). After the war ended, some of the land was sold to the city and became the sites of the main library and city hall. More of the land was bought by Stanford University to house the increase in students due to the G.I. Bill ; the area was known as the "Stanford Village", which existed as student housing until the mid-1960s. This land also was the site of the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International ) starting in 1947; between 1955 and 1968, SRI bought

4095-422: Was permanently incorporated in 1927). The original arch, which gave its name to the stations and ultimately, the city, survived until 1922, when it was destroyed in an automobile accident. The origin of the name of Menlo Park, California ( c.  1850 ) antedates any work done by Thomas Edison ( c.  1876 ) in Menlo Park, New Jersey ; Menlo Park, New Jersey, was named after Menlo Park, California, as

4160-500: Was published from a variety of addresses in the early days, but later submissions went to a P.O. box address in Mountain View, California . The second volume began on January 31, 1976, and included sections for A LETTER FROM MITS, CASSETTE UPDATE, TINY BASIC, MEETING FACILITIES, SOFTWARE, PROBLEMS, MEETING-1, and ALTAIR 680. The club is depicted in the films Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999) and Jobs (2013), as well as in

4225-543: Was started by Gordon French and Fred Moore who met at the Community Computer Center in Menlo Park . They both were interested in maintaining a regular, open forum for people to get together to work on making computers more accessible to everyone. The first meeting of the club was held on March 5, 1975, in French's garage in Menlo Park, San Mateo County, California , on the occasion of the arrival in

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