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107-528: Opposition (81): Independents (5): The National Congress ( Spanish : Congreso Nacional ) is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras . The Honduran Congress is a unicameral legislature. The nominal President of the National Congress of Honduras is currently Luis Redondo . Its members are 128 deputies , who are elected on a proportional representation basis, by department , to serve four-year terms. Congress meets in
214-615: A Master of Business Administration from the same university. After returning from Chile, Nasralla became the CEO of Pepsi Honduras. He also became a professor at the National Autonomous University of Honduras , where he gave lectures on business and engineering. During this period, Nasralla expressed disappointment with the educational standards he observed, noting the low level of education among his students. In 1981, he started his career in television by hosting
321-649: A Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano developed in the southern Philippines. However, it is not mutually intelligible with Spanish. The number of Chavacano-speakers was estimated at 1.2 million in 1996. The local languages of the Philippines also retain significant Spanish influence, with many words derived from Mexican Spanish , owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through New Spain until 1821, until direct governance from Madrid afterwards to 1898. Salvador Nasralla Salvador Alejandro César Nasralla Salum (born 30 January 1953)
428-603: A considerable number of words from Arabic , as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latin , the form of Latin in use at that time. According to
535-652: A de facto alliance with the Liberty and Refoundation Party (Libre) in which he stepped down from his presidential candidacy.Under this new arrangement, he was registered as the candidate for the first presidential nominee on the Libre ticket, alongside Doris Gutiérrez from the Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democracy (PINU-SD). The agreement between the National Opposition Union (UNOH), consisting of
642-522: A dramatic change in the pronunciation of its sibilant consonants , known in Spanish as the reajuste de las sibilantes , which resulted in the distinctive velar [x] pronunciation of the letter ⟨j⟩ and—in a large part of Spain—the characteristic interdental [θ] ("th-sound") for the letter ⟨z⟩ (and for ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ ). See History of Spanish (Modern development of
749-482: A first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos ( Ilustrados ). Despite a public education system set up by the colonial government, by the end of Spanish rule in 1898, only about 10% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, mostly those of Spanish descent or elite standing. Spanish continued to be official and used in Philippine literature and press during the early years of American administration after
856-696: A journalist, at Emisoras Unidas from 1966 to 1969, and in Uniradio and Radio Católica. He also took classes in drama and television. After high school, Nasralla was sent to live with his maternal aunt and uncle in Santiago de Chile . There, he attended the Catholic University of Chile where he graduated with honors. He obtained a degree in Civil Industrial Engineering (specializing in construction). He subsequently earned
963-478: A long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century. In the wake of the 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty , hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States. The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce. According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of
1070-618: A mental illness, which, according to Nasralla, discredited his statements. On November 2, 2016, Redondo expelled Virgilio Padilla, an ally of Nasralla, from the National Council—the highest governing body of PAC. This left the Council composed of Nasralla, Redondo and his wife, and Fátima Mena. In 2017, the Anti-Corruption Party (PAC) conducted two internal election processes. The first one took place on April 9, which
1177-508: A primarily Hassaniya Arabic -speaking territory, Spanish was officially spoken as the language of the colonial administration during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Spanish is present in the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its secondary official language, and in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf ( Algeria ), where the Spanish language is still taught as
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#17327760688031284-399: A purpose-built legislative palace (Palacio Legislativo) in the centre of Tegucigalpa . Of a modernist design, it is painted in an array of bright colours and rests on a series of concrete pillars that separate it from the ground. 14°06′14″N 87°12′18″W / 14.10375°N 87.20495°W / 14.10375; -87.20495 The current directive of the National Congress for
1391-617: A second language features characteristics involving the variability of the vowel system. While far from its heyday during the Spanish protectorate in Morocco , the Spanish language has some presence in northern Morocco , stemming for example from the availability of certain Spanish-language media. According to a 2012 survey by Morocco's Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES), penetration of Spanish in Morocco reaches 4.6% of
1498-531: A second language, largely by Cuban educators. The number of Spanish speakers is unknown. Spanish is also an official language of the African Union . Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization , it was the language of government, trade, and education, and was spoken as
1605-416: Is cognate to the root word of satisfacer ("to satisfy"), and hecho ("made") is similarly cognate to the root word of satisfecho ("satisfied"). Compare the examples in the following table: Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table: In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish underwent
1712-436: Is Latin in origin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Alongside English and French , it is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world. Spanish is well represented in the humanities and social sciences . Spanish is also the third most used language on the internet by number of users after English and Chinese and the second most used language by number of websites after English. Spanish
1819-612: Is a Honduran industrial civil engineer, sports journalist, television presenter, businessman, and politician who served as the First Vice President of Honduras from 2022 until his resignation in 2024. He is the presenter of the TV programs 5 Deportivo and X-0 da Dinero , and has been called "El señor de la televisión". He was the founder of the Anti-Corruption Party in 2011 and stood for president in
1926-674: Is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain , and about 600 million when including second language speakers. Spanish is the official language of 20 countries , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese ; the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English , Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani ( Hindi - Urdu ); and
2033-399: Is estimated that about 486 million people speak Spanish as a native language , making it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers . An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign language , making it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of 538 million speakers. Spanish is also
2140-761: Is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish. In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of Mercosur in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in Brazil . In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President , making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In September 2016 this law
2247-844: Is spoken by very small communities in Angola due to Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned for their country's independence. Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in Africa, namely the cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 km (62 mi) off
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#17327760688032354-813: Is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of New Mexico . The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of Los Angeles , Miami , San Antonio , New York , San Francisco , Dallas , Tucson and Phoenix of the Arizona Sun Corridor , as well as more recently, Chicago , Las Vegas , Boston , Denver , Houston , Indianapolis , Philadelphia , Cleveland , Salt Lake City , Atlanta , Nashville , Orlando , Tampa , Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. Although Spanish has no official recognition in
2461-488: Is the official Spanish language of the State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities... The Royal Spanish Academy ( Real Academia Española ), on the other hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. However, from 1713 to 1923, it called the language castellano . The Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (a language guide published by
2568-542: Is used as an official language by many international organizations , including the United Nations , European Union , Organization of American States , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , African Union , among others. In Spain and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only español but also castellano (Castilian),
2675-578: Is usually assumed to be derived from castillo ('castle'). In the Middle Ages , the language spoken in Castile was generically referred to as Romance and later also as Lengua vulgar . Later in the period, it gained geographical specification as Romance castellano ( romanz castellano , romanz de Castiella ), lenguaje de Castiella , and ultimately simply as castellano (noun). Different etymologies have been suggested for
2782-471: The 2013 Honduran general election . He stood again in the 2017 general election for the political alliance Alianza de Oposición contra la Dictadura , comprising Liberty and Refoundation and the Innovation and Unity Party . He narrowly lost to incumbent President Juan Orlando Hernández , despite widespread claims of fraud and irregularities. In October 2021, he resigned from this candidacy and became
2889-568: The Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao ( ABC Islands ) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency. The local language Papiamentu (Papiamento on Aruba)
2996-508: The Spanish–American War but was eventually replaced by English as the primary language of administration and education by the 1920s. Nevertheless, despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines upon independence in 1946, alongside English and Filipino , a standardized version of Tagalog . Spanish was briefly removed from official status in 1973 but reimplemented under
3103-571: The 2017 elections, suggesting that he was the legitimate winner and should have been the president-elect of Honduras for the term beginning in 2017. On November 12, 2019, Salvador Nasralla submitted the necessary documents to the National Electoral Council (CNE) to register his new political party, the Salvador Party of Honduras (PSH). The party was officially established on September 7, 2020. Following its formation,
3210-404: The 2021–2022 school year alone. The local business process outsourcing industry has also helped boost the language's economic prospects. Today, while the actual number of proficient Spanish speakers is around 400,000, or under 0.5% of the population, a new generation of Spanish speakers in the Philippines has likewise emerged, though speaker estimates vary widely. Aside from standard Spanish,
3317-595: The 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara , and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City . For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language . Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As of 2023, it
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3424-564: The 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century. Spanish colonialism in the early modern period spurred the introduction of the language to overseas locations, most notably to the Americas. As a Romance language, Spanish is a descendant of Latin. Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary
3531-626: The Anti-Corruption Party (PAC). By August 2013, the PAC was officially recognized as a political party by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Honduras, appointing Nasralla as its president and Rafael Virgilio Padilla Paz as vice president. This enabled Nasralla to participate in the 2013 presidential election . He was the official presidential candidate for the PAC in the November 2013 elections. He received 418.443 votes, 13.43% of
3638-550: The Anticorruption Party led now by congresswoman Marlene Alvarenga . As of August 2017, none of the elected congressmen of the National Party, PINU, and UD have resigned from their respective party affiliation. On the last days of September 2017, the deputies of the independent group Walter Banegas and Lilian Villatoro of the departments of Cortés and Comayagua respectively has decided to join as members of
3745-654: The Equatoguinean education system and is the primary language used in government and business. Whereas it is not the mother tongue of virtually any of its speakers, the vast majority of the population is proficient in Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes estimates that 87.7% of the population is fluent in Spanish. The proportion of proficient Spanish speakers in Equatorial Guinea exceeds the proportion of proficient speakers in other West and Central African nations of their respective colonial languages. Spanish
3852-705: The Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Proto-Basque , Iberian , Lusitanian , Celtiberian and Gallaecian . The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era , the most important influences on the Spanish lexicon came from neighboring Romance languages — Mozarabic ( Andalusi Romance ), Navarro-Aragonese , Leonese , Catalan/Valencian , Portuguese , Galician , Occitan , and later, French and Italian . Spanish also borrowed
3959-401: The Innovation and Unity Party, based on the reason that the two deputies they don't want their original party, the Anticorruption Party to be led by the congresswoman Marlene Alvarenga . On the first days of August 2017, the deputies of Cortés Fátima Mena and Anibal Cálix has decided to join as deputies of the Innovation and Unity party, based on the reason that they don't want to be members of
4066-630: The Liberal Party of Honduras based on the reason that their original party, the Anticorruption Party no longer exists thus, increasing the Liberal caucus to 33. On the last days of October 2017, the deputy of Cortés Luis Redondo has decided to join as deputy of the Innovation and Unity party, based on the reason that he won't be a member of the Anticorruption party led by congresswoman Marlene Alvarenga . Honduras also returns deputies to
4173-505: The Liberal Party. Since Molina is a substitute congresswoman, this change does not affect the number of members of the Liberal caucus, nonetheless Padilla's resignation reduced the number of LIBRE congressmen to 32. Later on, Padilla joined the independent group formed by former members of LIBRE. The total number of members of the LIBRE caucus was reduced to 31 after Atlántida congresswoman, Audelia Rodriguez resigned from that party and joined
4280-540: The Old Spanish sibilants) for details. The Gramática de la lengua castellana , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija , was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella I , she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to
4387-654: The Opposition Alliance and the Liberal Party rejected the official results, proclaiming Nasralla as the legitimate winner of the election. According to documents declassified in May 2023 by prosecutors in New York , the 2017 presidential election in Honduras involved significant electoral fraud. These documents were part of the trial against the former President Juan Orlando Hernández (often abbreviated as JOH), who
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4494-411: The PAC bench by stating it was "no longer of any use to him" because it had "compromised the future of Honduras" by electing a Court allied with President Juan Orlando Hernández. He also stated that the four deputies who had not followed the party line were now part of the National Party. Several months later, Ana Joselina and Kritza Pérez resigned from PAC, which Nasralla described as a "self-cleansing" of
4601-514: The PSH entered into an alliance with the Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) to create the National Opposition Union (Unión Nacional Opositora). his coalition nominated Nasralla as its presidential candidate, with Congresswoman Doris Gutiérrez as the first nominee for vice president, and Dr. Suyapa Figueroa, a prominent media figure opposed to the government of Juan Orlando Hernández, as the first deputy vice president. On October 13, Salvador Nasralla formed
4708-589: The Royal Spanish Academy) states that, although the Royal Spanish Academy prefers to use the term español in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms— español and castellano —are regarded as synonymous and equally valid. The term castellano is related to Castile ( Castilla or archaically Castiella ), the kingdom where the language was originally spoken. The name Castile , in turn,
4815-503: The Salvador Party of Honduras (PSH) and PINU, and Libre stipulated that Nasralla would have the authority to select a PSH deputy to serve as the president of the National Congress. Nasralla entered the race for president of Honduras again in 2021, this time as a candidate for the Savior Party. However, he later dropped out and became the running mate of LIBRE party nominee and former first lady Xiomara Castro . They went on to win
4922-474: The Southern District of New York provided a summary of evidence, just months before the trial of former Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernández was set to begin. The allegations detailed in this evidence include electoral fraud in both the 2013 and 2017 elections, alongside accusations of bribery and protection afforded to drug traffickers, including the notorious Sinaloa cartel. These were part of
5029-554: The Supreme Court election, Salvador Nasralla accused them of being now congressmen of the National Party, nonetheless, they have not been formally expelled of the party. But later, on March 18, the leaders of PAC finally decided to "temporarily suspend" the membership of the 4 of the deputies that participated in the election of a new Supreme Court of Justice. The 4 suspended congressmen are Ana Joselina Fortín, Marlene Alvarenga , Kritza Perez and Oscar Palacios. In April 2016,
5136-502: The U.S. population were of Hispanic or Hispanic American by origin. In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population. Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico , where it is also an official language along with English. Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included. While English
5243-457: The administration of Ferdinand Marcos two months later. It remained an official language until the ratification of the present constitution in 1987, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. Additionally, the constitution, in its Article XIV, stipulates that the Government shall provide the people of the Philippines with a Spanish-language translation of
5350-479: The agreement. They voted for Luis Cálix, a member of Libre, rather than Luis Redondo from Nasralla’s party as the Savior members and the rest of the Libre deputies had done. Nasralla commented on the incident as "another coup like in 2009 ". As a consequence, the 18 deputies were expelled from Libre. The dispute was resolved when Calíx and the expelled Libre deputies agreed to support Redondo. Their membership of Libre
5457-484: The appointments. Nasralla subsequently launched several attacks against them. On one occasion, he suggested that Mena, "probably because of her youth and because she is a woman," was susceptible to being deceived by other deputies. Mena condemned this statement, calling it an attack on both youth and women. Additionally, following several public remarks by Redondo about Nasralla and the ongoing conflicts within PAC, Nasralla responded by claiming that Redondo suffered from
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#17327760688035564-444: The body responsible for certifying election results. The engineer was instructed to shut down the servers, facilitating further manipulation of the vote count in favor of Hernández. These revelations corroborate the pre- and post-election statements and allegations made by Salvador Nasralla in 2013 regarding electoral fraud. On May 20, 2017, amid the internal election controversy within the Anti-Corruption Party (PAC), Salvador Nasralla
5671-403: The caucus. On the final days of the month of May the deputy Dennis Antonio Sánchez has decided to return to the Liberal Party now with 30 deputies on their caucus, now the party is the second largest political group in the congress. In July 2016, the deputy of the independent group Yenny Murillo has decided to return to the National Party of Honduras, with the reason that she is feeling changes in
5778-751: The classic hispanus or hispanicus took the suffix -one from Vulgar Latin , as happened with other words such as bretón (Breton) or sajón (Saxon). Like the other Romance languages , the Spanish language evolved from Vulgar Latin , which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans during the Second Punic War , beginning in 210 BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages )—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages , and some that are not related at all—were previously spoken in
5885-555: The congresswoman Audelia Rodriguez has joined to the Christian Democratic Party now counting with 4 deputies. Also in February 2016, LIBRE has expelled the deputies Esdras Amado López and Dennis Antonio Sánchez of Francisco Morazán and Santa Bárbara respectively, based on the reason that they have voted in favour of a new Supreme Court of Justice. Since 4 of PAC's congressmen did not make their vote public during
5992-500: The consonant written b (a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones). In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and v . Typical of Spanish (as also of neighboring Gascon extending as far north as the Gironde estuary , and found in a small area of Calabria ), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it
6099-404: The country's constitution. In recent years changing attitudes among non-Spanish speaking Filipinos have helped spur a revival of the language, and starting in 2009 Spanish was reintroduced as part of the basic education curriculum in a number of public high schools, becoming the largest foreign language program offered by the public school system, with over 7,000 students studying the language in
6206-402: The deputy of the independent group Tatiana Canales, finally has decided to return to the Liberal Party of Honduras, with the reason that they have expressed differences with Libre, and its return means that the Liberal caucus has officially 28 deputies. Also on the half of May 2016, the deputy of the independent group Omar Rodríguez has decided to return to the Liberal Party now with 29 deputies on
6313-550: The election. Nasralla assumed office as First Vice President on 27 January 2022. One condition of Nasralla ending his presidential campaign and endorsing Castro’s was that if they gained a majority in Congress, the congressional president would be a member of the Savior Party. Castro’s Libre party won 50 seats, whilst Nasralla’s Savior party won 10. When the newly elected congress voted for a congressional president on 21 January 2022, 18 deputies from Castro’s party refused to honour
6420-499: The electoral computer system with the assistance of an engineer to alter the results in favor of Hernández. Despite official results showing Hernández as the winner, the declassified documents and allegations suggest that Salvador Nasralla, the opposition candidate, actually won a majority of the vote, holding 57% according to the New York prosecutors' assessment. These findings support Nasralla's own claims of fraud both before and after
6527-414: The end of 2015, further disputes arose between Nasralla and other party leaders, including Luis Redondo. Nasralla disclosed that Redondo had blocked his accounts on social networks, highlighting ongoing discord within the party leadership. In February 2016, Salvador Nasralla labeled PAC deputies Marlene Alvarenga , Kritza Pérez, Ana Joselina Fortín , and a substitute deputy as traitors for not adhering to
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#17327760688036634-467: The exception of Luis Redondo, the head of the bench. This criticism came after these deputies supported a reform to the Social Security law. As a result of these tensions, 11 deputies voted to change the leadership of the bench, replacing the chief and deputy chief with Fátiman Mena. Nasralla attributed this shift in leadership to the influence of the National Party on the PAC deputies. Towards
6741-422: The extreme right and the other the extreme left. Additionally, Nasralla clarified his stance regarding the Liberty and Refoundation Party (Libre), emphasizing that he had "nothing to do with Libre," in response to what he perceived as an extensive campaign by the nationalists to associate him with that political faction. These assertions gained further credibility a decade later when the U.S. Attorney's Office for
6848-489: The first days of December 2016, the deputy of the department of Cortés Jaime Enrique Villegas has decided to resign from the Anticorruption Party based on the reasons that they had differences with the leaders of the party and they don't allow him to participate on decisions of importance. But later in July 2017 he decided to be a member of the National Party of Honduras and to be candidate for the general election in 2017. Also on
6955-582: The first presidential nominee for Libre, supporting Xiomara Castro, who won the elections. Nasralla was born in Tegucigalpa , M.D.C., in the Department of Francisco Morazán , on January 30, 1953. His parents, Alejandro Nasralla and Alicia Salum, are Palestinian and his mother was born in Chile . He spent his childhood in the northern city of Trujillo , Colón . At the age of eleven, his family returned to Tegucigalpa. There, he completed his secondary studies at Instituto San Francisco and obtained his high school diploma. During his adolescence he began working as
7062-477: The first year of the new government in 2014, Salvador Nasralla, as president of the Anti-Corruption Party (PAC), raised concerns about the integrity of some members within his party. In September of that year, he publicly denounced that none of the 13 PAC deputies in Congress had complied with the agreed salary contribution to the party. By mid-2015, internal conflicts escalated within PAC when Nasralla criticized several PAC deputies, labeling them as "bad apples," with
7169-450: The following table: Spanish is marked by palatalization of the Latin double consonants ( geminates ) nn and ll (thus Latin annum > Spanish año , and Latin anellum > Spanish anillo ). The consonant written u or v in Latin and pronounced [w] in Classical Latin had probably " fortified " to a bilabial fricative /β/ in Vulgar Latin. In early Spanish (but not in Catalan or Portuguese) it merged with
7276-448: The form of life in Honduras, also had said that she is in favour of the reelection but with a regulation that will be established on the Constitution of the Republic, to limit how many times a president can be reelected. Also in the final week of September 2016, the deputy of the independent group Kritza Pérez has decided finally to be a member of the Liberal Party of Honduras based on the reason that in his first party PAC, they don't allow
7383-466: The former British colony of Belize (known until 1973 as British Honduras ) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language. Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing native Spanish speaking minority, Trinidad and Tobago has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched
7490-454: The grammar, dated 18 August 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire." From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America . Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes"). In
7597-406: The independent group on May 5, 2015. Rodriguez stated that the lack of direction in LIBRE has led to the impossibility of giving response to the people that elected her, but later she joined to the Christian Democratic Party The Deputy of the independent group Hector Padilla has joined to the Christian Democratic Group, and with the new deputy now they have 3 deputies in the group. In the later months
7704-684: The language from the Kingdom of Castile , contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician , Basque , Asturian , Catalan/Valencian , Aragonese , Occitan and other minor languages. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the official language of the whole of Spain, in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "the other Spanish languages "). Article III reads as follows: El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Castilian
7811-549: The language's hegemony in an intensely centralising Spanish state were established from the 18th century onward. Other European territories in which it is also widely spoken include Gibraltar and Andorra . Spanish is also spoken by immigrant communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Germany . Spanish is an official language of the European Union . Today,
7918-574: The law. Despite the TSE's mandate, Salvador Nasralla and his supporters proceeded with the elections on April 9. For these elections, they compiled an electoral census of 25,000 people who cast their votes in 170 polling stations across the country. The ballots listed two movements: the Salvador Nasralla Movement and United for Honduras, led by Marlene Alvarenga, who decided not to participate in these elections. Nasralla declared himself
8025-694: The majority of the Spanish speakers live in Hispanic America . Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either de facto or de jure —of Argentina , Bolivia (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní ), Peru (co-official with Quechua , Aymara , and "the other indigenous languages"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay , and Venezuela . Spanish language has
8132-565: The new president of the PAC and its official candidate for future electoral contests. Documents declassified in May 2023 by the New York Attorney General's Office concerning the trial of Juan Orlando Hernández revealed details of his actions during the 2013 presidential campaign. According to these documents, Hernández relied on an individual referred to as "CW-1" to assist in committing electoral fraud. CW-1 regularly met with Juan Orlando to discuss strategies, which included
8239-734: The northwest of the African mainland. The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands traces its origins back to the Castilian conquest in the 15th century , and, in addition to a resemblance to Western Andalusian speech patterns, it also features strong influence from the Spanish varieties spoken in the Americas, which in turn have also been influenced historically by Canarian Spanish. The Spanish spoken in North Africa by native bilingual speakers of Arabic or Berber who also speak Spanish as
8346-508: The opposition parties, particularly the Liberal , LIBRE and PAC have faced internal division. This division had more impact on LIBRE, which led to the dismissal and the resignation of some of their congressional partisans. During the first week of session in 2014, Congressman Eduardo Cotto was expelled from LIBRE for voting in favor of the National / DC / PUD directive integration, which
8453-399: The party’s guidelines during the election of the new Supreme Court of Justice, suggesting that they had received bribes for their actions. As a result, Marlene Alvarenga accused Nasralla of mistreating the female deputies of PAC, and Ana Joselina resigned from her deputy leadership position in the PAC congressional group. Nasralla denied these accusations in an interview, further criticizing
8560-492: The payment of bribes in certain departments of Honduras where Hernández was trailing in the polls. The documents state that CW-1, along with Hernández's brothers, used drug money to bribe officials at those polling stations to manipulate the vote counts in Hernández's favor. Additionally, the documents detail a meeting between Hernández and an engineer responsible for managing the servers of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE),
8667-414: The period 2022–2026: The directive of the National Congress for the period 2018–2022: The directive of the National Congress for the period 2014–2018 is: The directive of the National Congress for the period 2010–2014 is: The most recent election was held November 2021. (As each voter can cast many votes, the total number of votes cast cannot be used to assess the voter turnout percentage.) Some of
8774-417: The pluralism of ideas and discrimination against women that they have announced several times on the national media. On the first days of November 2016, the deputy of the independent group Ana Joselina Fortín has decided to join to the National Party of Honduras based on the reason that she wants the reelection of the current president and to establish limits on how many times a president can be reelected. On
8881-480: The political institution. By the end of 2016, another deputy, Jaime Villegas, resigned following Nasralla's expressions of regret for having brought "public figures to PAC, like football players." During 2016, Salvador Nasralla faced further internal conflict within the Anti-Corruption Party (PAC) after he chose to appoint two advisors who were not members of PAC. This decision led to confrontations with Deputy Luis Redondo and Deputy Fátima Mena, who both disapproved of
8988-533: The population. Many northern Moroccans have rudimentary knowledge of Spanish, with Spanish being particularly significant in areas adjacent to Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish also has a presence in the education system of the country (through either selected education centers implementing Spain's education system, primarily located in the North, or the availability of Spanish as foreign language subject in secondary education). In Western Sahara , formerly Spanish Sahara ,
9095-570: The presenter and director of various programs and special events, including the Miss Honduras beauty pageant and the dance competition show "Bailando por un sueño" (Honduras). He has also represented Televicentro as a special envoy to the Viña del Mar music festival in Chile. Additionally, Nasralla is a columnist for Diario Diez and hosted his political proselytism program, "Salvador a las 7," which
9202-573: The program "5 Deportivo," which continues to be broadcast every Sunday on Channel 5 of Corporación Televicentro to this day. He served as the head of press for the Honduran soccer team during their participation in the 1982 World Cup in Spain . On March 3, 1990, Nasralla launched "X-0 da Dinero," a quiz show offering cash prizes, which has become one of the most popular TV shows in Honduras, still airing every Sunday. Beyond these shows, Nasralla has been
9309-560: The reform of the Honduran constitution and the establishment of an International Commission Against Impunity in Honduras. In the 2017 presidential election he represented the left-wing coalition, gaining only slightly fewer votes than the incumbent winner. Despite allegations of widespread irregularities, the United States recognised the reelection of President Juan Orlando Hernández (often abbreviated as JOH). The protests continued into February 2018, resulting in dozens of deaths and substantial economic losses due to damage to businesses. Both
9416-442: The same month of December 2016 the deputy of Comayagua Liliam Villatoro has decided to resign from the Anticorruption Party because she has expressed with the leader of the party Salvador Nasralla and they don't allow her to participate on the sessions of the party with new ideas. On the half days of July 2017, the deputies Rafael Padilla and David Reyes of the departments of Francisco Morazán and Choluteca respectively, have joined to
9523-525: The shocking revelations from the New York Prosecutor's Office regarding the case against the former president. During the party's registration process, the Scout movement of Honduras raised concerns about the PAC's use of the fleur-de-lis , an emblem also associated with the international Scout movement. Ultimately, both parties agreed to a resolution regarding the use of the insignia. During
9630-551: The supranational Central American Parliament . The President of the National Congress of Honduras is the presiding officer ( speaker ) of the National Congress of Honduras. Spanish language Spanish ( español ) or Castilian ( castellano ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe . Today, it
9737-537: The term español (Spanish). According to the Royal Spanish Academy, español derives from the Occitan word espaignol and that, in turn, derives from the Vulgar Latin * hispaniolus ('of Hispania'). Hispania was the Roman name for the entire Iberian Peninsula . There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy. Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal suggested that
9844-444: The theories of Ramón Menéndez Pidal , local sociolects of Vulgar Latin evolved into Spanish, in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos , and this dialect was later brought to the city of Toledo , where the written standard of Spanish was first developed, in the 13th century. In this formative stage, Spanish developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese , and, according to some authors,
9951-640: The third most used language on the Internet , after English and Chinese. Spanish is the official language of Spain . Upon the emergence of the Castilian Crown as the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the Middle Ages, the Romance vernacular associated with this polity became increasingly used in instances of prestige and influence, and the distinction between "Castilian" and "Spanish" started to become blurred. Hard policies imposing
10058-414: The three major political parties in Honduras. In his interactions with the media, he stated, "The worst thing that can happen to Honduras is [the election of] Partido Libre or Partido Nacional, the two extremist parties that have plunged the country into underdevelopment." He further commented on the similarity between the Liberal and National Parties, describing them as "the same thing," with one representing
10165-465: The total. In a 2019 interview, Nasralla claimed that he had actually won the election with 1,066,000 votes, but due to the absence of his party's representatives at the polling stations, the majority parties — the National Party , National Party, and Liberty and Refoundation (Libre) — were able to manipulate the vote counts against him. Throughout his campaign, Nasralla was openly critical of
10272-452: The winner, although the TSE did not recognize the results of these elections. On May 21, the Anti-Corruption Party (PAC) held the rescheduled internal elections, as mandated by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. In these elections, all three factions within the party rallied behind a consensus candidate, PAC deputy Marlene Alvarenga, who had previously been in bitter conflict with Salvador Nasralla. Following these elections, Alvarenga emerged as
10379-596: The world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers is Mexico . Spanish is part of the Ibero-Romance language group , in which the language is also known as Castilian ( castellano ). The group evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in
10486-478: Was accused of using drug trafficking proceeds to secure his re-election. Prosecutors allege that Hernández and his drug trafficking allies funneled millions of dollars from drug operations to ensure he remained in power and that his large-scale cocaine activities continued without interference. Similar to the 2013 elections, it is claimed that Hernández used this illicit money to bribe election officials and manipulate vote counts. The allegations include shutting down
10593-582: Was also supported by the Liberals . On the following months, Cotto joined the DC. On February 21, 2015, Congresswoman Tatiana Canales announced her incorporation to the Liberal Party , after failed negotiations with PAC . Nonetheless, 3 days later, the authorities of LIBRE decided to expel her (even though she had already resigned) and three other congressmen after they voted against an electoral reform that
10700-540: Was broadcast for two years every Sunday on Hondured Channel 13 and is available on his official YouTube channel. Nasralla has been harshly critical of the Honduran government since the 1980s. In particular, he has pinpointed widespread corruption at the highest levels of government as the main cause of the problems that afflict Honduran society. With the living standards of many Hondurans deteriorating – perceived as resulting from traditional politicians' indifference or incompetence – Nasralla, Luis Redondo , and ohers formed
10807-467: Was deemed illegal by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) just two days earlier. The TSE declared the elections non-compliant with the Electoral and Political Organizations Law because the call for elections was made on December 2, 2016, at a time when the National Council—the highest governing body of PAC—was vacant. The TSE then ordered the elections to be rescheduled for May 21, ensuring compliance with
10914-689: Was developed in the cities of Toledo , in the 13th to 16th centuries, and Madrid , from the 1570s. The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages , including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin vīta > Spanish vida ). The diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in
11021-622: Was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages ). This distinctive dialect spread to southern Spain with the advance of the Reconquista , and meanwhile gathered a sizable lexical influence from the Arabic of Al-Andalus , much of it indirectly, through the Romance Mozarabic dialects (some 4,000 Arabic -derived words, make up around 8% of the language today). The written standard for this new language
11128-713: Was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. The h- , still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects, it is still aspirated in some words. Because of borrowings from Latin and neighboring Romance languages, there are many f -/ h - doublets in modern Spanish: Fernando and Hernando (both Spanish for "Ferdinand"), ferrero and herrero (both Spanish for "smith"), fierro and hierro (both Spanish for "iron"), and fondo and hondo (both words pertaining to depth in Spanish, though fondo means "bottom", while hondo means "deep"); additionally, hacer ("to make")
11235-501: Was introduced at an assembly as the official presidential candidate for the Opposition Alliance Against Dictatorship. This alliance comprised the Liberty and Refoundation Party (Libre) and the Innovation and Unity Party ( PINU ). During the assembly, the alliance also outlined their government proposals in the event of a victory in the upcoming November general elections. . Key proposals included
11342-418: Was introduced to Congress by the former President and current party leader of LIBRE, Manuel Zelaya Rosales . Together, the three expelled congressmen and Canales formed an independent bloc headed by Congresswoman Jenny Murillo. On April 9, 2015 the National Congress of Honduras processed the resignations of Congressman Hector Enrique Padilla from LIBRE and Substitute Congresswoman Claudia Patricia Molina from
11449-462: Was revoked by Michel Temer after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken. Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish-speaking country located entirely in Africa, with the language introduced during the Spanish colonial period . Enshrined in the constitution as an official language (alongside French and Portuguese), Spanish features prominently in
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