Misplaced Pages

#273726

27-684: Hopa is on the Black Sea Coast 65 km (40 mi) from Artvin and 18 km (11 mi) from the Sarp border crossing (into Sarpi ) on the Georgian border. The land climbs sharply from 10m above sea level in the coastal areas up into the Sultan Selim Mountains, the hillsides are well watered and green with alder, chestnuts, hornbeams and other deciduous trees. The highest point is Mt Yavuz Sultan Selim at 1513m. The climate

54-532: A large donjon at the west. There are also embrasures and windows suitable for archers. In 1983 the fortress was surveyed and three years later an accurate scaled plan and description were published. On 30 April 1850, the papal bulla Universi Dominici gregis from Pius IX established the Armenian Catholic eparchy ( Eastern Catholic diocese) of Artvin of the Armenians , with jurisdiction over

81-633: A number of Ottoman Empire houses and public buildings, including : The surrounding countryside offers many places for climbing, trekking and rafting. Artvin is known for the Caucasus (Kafkas in Turkish) Culture and Arts Festival, a celebration that takes place at the Kafkasör plateau every year. The most famous event is the bull wrestling which draws many local and international visitors. Artvin has an Oceanic climate (Cfb) under

108-459: A result of Red Army invasion of Georgia , Artvin was ceded to newly established Turkey under the Treaty of Kars in 1921. Above the strategically placed town and road is the fortress, which was once within the medieval Georgian district of Nigali. The site consists of a single circuit wall surrounding the summit of the outcrop, several impressive rooms, an outwork protecting the south entrance, and

135-497: A titular incumbent, who should be of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank. In the census of 1897, the town of Artvin was mainly populated by Armenians, part of whom came from the Mush and Van region. However, the district in which the town was located was largely Muslim. Outside of the town, the population in the district numbered 49,049 people, of whom 39,997 (82%) were Turks, 5,458 (11%) Georgian and 3,173 (6%) Armenian. There are

162-635: Is a city in northeastern Turkey about 30 kilometres (19 miles) inland from the Black Sea . It is the seat of Artvin Province and Artvin District . Its population is 25,841 (2021). It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam . It is a former bishopric and (vacant) Armenian Catholic titular see and the home of Artvin Çoruh University . Artifacts dating back to

189-647: Is a province in Turkey , on the Black Sea coast in the northeastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia . Artvin also borders the Turkish provinces of Erzurum , Ardahan and Rize . Its area is 7,393 km , and its population is 169,403 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Artvin . Artvin is an attractive area of steep valleys carved by the Çoruh River system, surrounded by high mountains of Kaçkar , Karçal and Yalnızçam (up to 3900 m) and forest with much national parkland including

216-606: Is based on trade, fishing and agriculture, mostly tea, nuts (especially hazelnuts ) and kiwifruit . There are two tea factories, the Black Sea Copper Works, a Thermal Power Plant, the Hopa port and the Hopa Vocational School. It has direct bus connections to Trabzon , Rize , Artvin, Ardahan , Kars , Erzurum and Sarp which go on to Georgia. The Sarp border gate was opened on 31 August 1988 with

243-566: Is mild and wet, although only July and August are warm enough to be called summer. There is annual snowfall in winter. The town consists of 7 quarters: Bucak, Merkez Kuledibi, Ortahopa, Sundura, Yukarı Kuledibi , Cumhuriyet and Sugören . The area was part of the kingdom of Colchis but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across the Caucasus , then the Muslim armies led by Habib, son of Caliph Uthman who controlled

270-588: The Abbasids . The Principalities of Tao-Klarjeti arose out of the turmoils of the Muslim conquests in the Caucasus in the 7th and 8th centuries, succeeding the early medieval Kingdom of Iberia and latter leading unification of Georgian Kingdom . For a long time the region became a cultural safe-house and one of the most important religious centers of Georgia. The Seljuk Turks of Alp Arslan conquered

297-642: The Bronze Age and even earlier have been found. The area was part of the kingdom of Colchis and part of the Greater Armenia but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across the Caucasus , then the Muslim armies led by Habib, son of Caliph Uthman who controlled the area from 853 AD to 1023 when it was conquered by the Byzantines from the Sac Emirate linked to

SECTION 10

#1732772726274

324-700: The Köppen classification. It also has a warm summer oceanic climate (Dob) according to the Trewartha classification system . Highest recorded temperature:43.0 °C (109.4 °F) on 18 August 1961 Lowest recorded temperature:−16.1 °C (3.0 °F) on 14 January 1950 Artvin Province Artvin Province ( Turkish : Artvin ili ; Armenian : Արտվինի նահանգ Artvini nahang ; Georgian : ართვინის პროვინცია , Artvinis p'rovintsia ; Laz : ართვინიშ დობადონა Artvinish dobadona; )

351-671: The "International Road Transport Agreement" between Soviet Union and Turkey and gave a big boost to Hopa in trade and tourism. The Hopa Port is managed by a privately owned company Hopa Limani and is active in international trade. This area is characterized by equable climates with few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months. Hopa has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa). Artvin Artvin ( Laz and Georgian : ართვინი , romanized : artvini ; Russian : Артвин , romanized :  Artvin ; Armenian : Արտուին , romanized :  Ardvin )

378-469: The 249 m Deriner Dam and others at Borçka and Muratlı . Local industries include bee-keeping especially in Macahel region. Artvin is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. In addition to the ethnic Turks , the province is home to communities of Laz people and Hemshin peoples . Autochthonous Muslim Georgians form the majority in parts of Artvin Province east of

405-658: The Crimea that took place in 1490–1512. Lala Mustafa Pasha made it part of the Childir Eyalet formed in 1578. The area was captured by Russia following the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and many people of Hopa moved westwards away from the Russian-controlled zone. Hopa was returned as part of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk in 1918 and formally joined Turkey on 14 March 1921. The Sarp border gate

432-571: The Karagöl-Sahara, which contains the Şavşat and Borçka lakes. The weather in Artvin is very wet and mild at the coast, and as a result is heavily forested. This greenery runs from the top all the way down to the Black Sea coast. The rain turns to snow at higher altitudes, and the peaks are very cold in winter. The forests are home to brown bears and wolves . The Çoruh is now being dammed in 11 places for hydro-electric power, including

459-597: The Russians by the Ottoman Empire following the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) , and recovered and again ceded at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 . Artvin was in a war zone and continuously changing hands between Russia and Turkey with the Treaties of Brest-Litovsk , Moscow and Kars . The conflict and uncertainty between Russia and Turkey in the late 19th century brought terrible suffering to

486-727: The Soviet authorities imprisoned him, and he died some time before 1937. The diocese had already lost most of its faithful in the Armenian genocide at the end of the First World War . The Holy See continued to list the eparchy of Artvin as a vacant residential see until 1971, but in 1972, suppressing it as such, began to list Artvin as the Armenian Catholic titular bishopric of Artvin (Curiate Italian) / Artwin / Artuinen(sis) Armenorum (Latin). However it never has had

513-526: The area and this continued until the Safavids ultimately took advantage of the infighting and conquered the area in 1502. The Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II defeated the Empire of Trebizond to bring the eastern Black Sea coast and the mountainous hinterland under their control. Subsequent expeditions into the mountains by Selim I and Mehmed Han Yusufeli gave them control of a number of castles and thus

540-649: The area from 853 AD to 1023 when it was conquered by the Byzantines from the Sac Emirate allied to the Abbasids . The Seljuk Turks led by Alp Arslan conquered the area in 1064. With the collapse of the Seljuks, the Artvin area came under the control of the Ildeniz , one of the Anatolian Turkish beyliks Ottoman Sultan Selim I brought it into the Ottoman Empire during his campaign against

567-520: The area in 1064 AD; but soon, it was briefly recaptured by the Georgians with the help of the Byzantines. But in 1081 Turkish forces led by Saltukoğlu Beylik managed to take it back with the aid of Melikşah . With the collapse of the Seljuks, the Artvin area came under the control of the Ildeniz tribe of the Anatolian Turkish beyliks . The Kingdom of Georgia regained control over

SECTION 20

#1732772726274

594-554: The extreme northeast of Turkey and in the (Russian) Transcaucasus . It has had only three incumbents: In 1890 about 12,000 Armenian Catholics were reported, entrusted to the care of 13 Armenian priests in 2 churches and 5 chapels. Under an agreement between Russia and the Holy See in 1904, Catholic Armenians throughout the Caucasus and interior Russia were entrusted to an apostolic administrator resident in Tbilisi (Georgia), but

621-704: The people of Artvin ( Muslim Georgians ), with much of the population moving westwards away from the Russian-controlled areas. The town was the administrative center of the Artvin Okrug of the Batum Oblast . The Russians withdrew from Artvin following the Russian Revolution of 1917; but when the First World War ended with the Ottomans on the losing side, British troops moved into the area in 1918, followed by Democratic Republic of Georgia . As

648-560: The region through Georgian-Seljuk wars . Taking advantage of Georgia's weakness through Mongol invasions , Turkmens started their incursions into south-western Georgia. The largely Georgian population of the region called on lord of Samtskhe , to assist them against the Turkmens. By the mid-13th century, the Jaqelis realm thus incorporated most of the mountainous areas of north eastern Anatolia. Various Turkmen clans fought for control over

675-463: The whole district. Kara Ahmed Pasha, the vizier of Suleiman I formed the first Livane Sanjak with the name Pert-Eğekte. On 13 July 1551, with Skender Pasha's Ardanuç castle, the Ottoman control of Artvin was secure. Ahmed III 's vizer Hasan Pasha founded the city of Batumi in the newly acquired lands of Ajaria and it became the hub of the area. This lasted 250 years until the area was ceded to

702-603: The Çoruh River. Immigrant groups of Georgian origins, found scattered in Turkey are known as Chveneburi. In particular, there is a prominent community of Chveneburi Georgians many of them descendants of Muslim families from Georgia who migrated during the struggles between the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire during the 19th century. With such diverse peoples, Artvin has a rich variety of folk song and dance (see Arifana and Kochari for examples of folk culture). Popular places for walking and outdoor expeditions. In 1924,

729-593: Was opened on 31 August 1988 with the "International Road Transport Agreement" between Soviet Union and Turkey and gave a big boost to Hopa in trade and tourism. There is currently a high rate of cancer in Hopa, attributed to fall-out from the Chernobyl disaster , across the Black Sea from here. Between 2001 and 2004, cancer cases sharply increased in the Black Sea region, especially in Hopa, with 47.9% of all deaths during this time being due to cancer. The economy

#273726