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40-828: The tribe often clashed with their one-time patrons, the Ghatafan , and on occasion, sub-tribes of the Hawazin fought each other. The tribe had little contact with the Islamic prophet Muhammad until 630 when they were defeated by Muhammad's forces at the Battle of Hunayn . The Hawazin tribe were one of the first to rebel and fight against the early Muslim state based in Medina during the Ridda wars , which followed Muhammad's death in 632. According to oral tradition and genealogy studies,

80-575: A Lakhmid caravan from al-Hirah to Ukaz during the holy season; this was considered sacrilegious by the pagan Arabs, hence the war's name, ḥarb al-fijār (the war of sacrilege). This incident occurred amid a trade war between the Quraysh of Mecca and the Banu Thaqif of Ta'if ; the latter were both kinsmen and allies of the Hawazin. The war consisted of eight battle days occurring over the span of four years. After hearing news of 'Urwa's death,

120-626: A group of Muhajirun stood firmly and defended the Prophet on the battlefield. There were only 10 men who didnt leave the Battle field. Abu Bakr , Umar , Ali ibn Abi Talib , Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud , Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib , Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith , Fadl ibn Abbas , Rabi' ibn al-Harith, Usama ibn Zayd and Ayman ibn Ubayd . Ayman ibn Ubayd was killed that day whilst defending the Prophet Muhammad . Prophet Muhammad stood firmly in

160-823: A preemptive strike with 450 men. Another conflict they were involved in was the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa where Muhammad ordered an attack on the tribe because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose. This was followed by the Invasion of Dumatul Jandal . Muhammad ordered his men to invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself This happened in July 626. Then Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) in November or Dec 629

200-405: A proof of that, will possess his spoils." I got up and said, "Who will be a witness for me?" and then sat down. The Prophet again said, "Anyone who has killed an enemy and has proof of that, will possess his spoils." I (again) got up and said, "Who will be a witness for me?" and sat down. Then the Prophet said the same for the third time. I again got up, and Allah's Messenger said, "O Abu Qatada! What

240-752: A victory". So, they met Malik bin 'Awf An-Nasri and made up their minds to proceed fighting against the Muslims. Malik persuaded other tribes to fight and gathered them before him. The confederation of tribes consisting of Nasr, Jusham , Sa'ad bin Bakr , Bani Hilal , Bani 'Amr bin Amir and Bani 'Awf bin Amir gathered at Autas along with the Thaqif and Hawazin. On that day Muhammad had twelve thousand armed soldiers under his standard. Ten thousand of them were those who had accompanied him from Medina and had taken part in

280-588: A war with Muslims was imminent and that the once-persecuted minority of Muslims had gained the upper hand against their non-Muslim Arab enemies, and they may have wanted to take advantage of the likely chaos in Mecca after the Muslim takeover. Some tribes favoured fighting him and the Muslims. Ahead of these were the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif. According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri "They thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender to such

320-513: Is reported that only a few soldiers stayed behind and fought, including Ali bin Abu Talib, the standard bearer, Abbas bin Abdullah, Fadl ibn Abbas , Usamah, and Abu Sufyan bin al-Harith Ibn Kathir writes that according to Ibn Ishaq , Jabir ibn Abdullah , who witnessed the battle, the Muslim army were panicked by a surprise attack from the enemy and many men fled the battlefield. However,

360-451: Is your story?" Then I narrated the whole story to him. A man (got up and) said, "O Allah's Messenger! He is speaking the truth, and the spoils of the killed man are with me. So please compensate him on my behalf." On that Abu Bakr As-Siddiq said, "No, by Allah, he (i.e. Allah's Messenger ) will not agree to give you the spoils gained by one of Allah's Lions who fights on the behalf of Allah and His Apostle." The Prophet said, "Abu Bakr has spoken

400-703: The Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) took place. With the goal of attacking the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam" Battle of Hunayn 24,000 camels 40,000 goats Ridda Wars Conquest of Sasanian Persia Conquest of Byzantine Syria Campaigns in Africa Campaigns in Armenia and Anatolia The Battle of Hunayn ( Arabic : غزوة حنين , romanized :  Ghazwat Ḥunayn )

440-633: The Quraysh in the Battle of the Trench . The Ghatafan were a Bedouin tribal grouping that inhabited the Wadi al-Rumma area of Najd between the Hejaz mountains and Jabal Shammar . According to Arab genealogical tradition, the progenitor of the tribe was Ghaṭafān ibn Saʾd ibn Qays ʿAylān, making it a part of the larger Qays tribe. The etymology or meaning of Ghatafan is not known. The main branches of

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480-609: The 'Absi chieftain Zuhayr ibn Jadhima . When the latter was killed by the Banu 'Amir ibn Sa'sa' some years later, the Hawazin discontinued their tribute to Ghatafan. Sporadic battles and wars occurred in the following years, often between the bulk of the Hawazin, in alliance with the Banu Sulaym , on one side, and the bulk of the Ghatafan on the other. Less often, there were armed feuds among certain Hawazin subtribes, particularly between

520-567: The Banu Jusham and Banu Fazara . During the Fijar War in the late 6th century, the Hawazin and much of the Qays, excluding the Ghatafan but including the Banu 'Amir, Banu Muharib and Banu Sulaym, fought against the Quraysh and Kinana tribes. The war was precipitated by the murder of 'Urwa ibn al-Rahhal of the Banu 'Amir by al-Barrad ibn Qays al-Damri of Kinana while 'Urwa was escorting

560-659: The Battle of Ḥunain when you took pride in your great numbers, but they proved of no advantage to you. The earth, despite its vastness, seemed to close in on you, then you turned back in retreat. Then Allah sent down His reassurance upon His Messenger and the believers, and sent down forces you could not see, and punished those who disbelieved. Such was the reward of the disbelievers. Some of the enemies fled, and Muhammad chased after them. Similar battalions chased after other enemies, Rabi'a bin Rafi' caught up with Duraid bin As-Simmah who

600-560: The Ghatafan were the following: They were involved in several military conflicts with Muhammad. The first was the Invasion of Dhi Amr occurred directly after the Invasion of Sawiq in the year 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar, September 624. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes, were planning to raid the outskirts of Medina . Therefore, Muhammad launched

640-490: The Hawazin at Ukaz or a nearby site called Sharab in the fourth major battle of the Fijar War, but the Hawazin recuperated and landed a blow against the Quraysh in the al-Harrah volcanic fields north of Mecca in the fifth and final significant engagement of the war. Afterward, minor clashes occurred before peace was established. There was scant contact between the Hawazin and the Islamic prophet Muhammad , who hailed from

680-422: The Hawazin by returning Malik's wife and children to him, giving him a gift of camels and recognizing his chieftainship of the Hawazin. The Hawazin had to pay a sum to retrieve their captive women and children. The Hawazin discontinued the sadaqa (voluntary donation) given to Muslim authorities in Medina following Muhammad's death in 632, and like many other Arab tribes, Hawazin did take part in combat against

720-445: The Hawazin pursued al-Barrad's Qurayshi patron Harb ibn Umayya and other Qurayshi chieftains from Ukaz to Nakhla ; the Quraysh were defeated, but the chieftains were able to escape to Mecca. The following year, the Hawazin were again victorious against the Quraysh and Kinana at Shamta near Ukaz. The latter became the site of battle during the next year, and the Hawazin once again defeated the same parties. The Quraysh and Kinana defeated

760-455: The Prophet, Pg 16] Because Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri had brought the families and flocks of the Hawazin along, the Muslims were able to capture huge spoils. 6,000 prisoners taken and 24,000 camels were captured. Some Bedouins fled, and split into two groups. One group went back, resulting in the Battle of Autas , while the larger group found refuge at At-Ta'if, where Muhammad besieged them . William Montgomery Watt states that Muhammad took on

800-517: The Quraysh tribe. However, there were generally good relations with the Banu 'Amir. Also, Muhammad's wet nurse, Halima bint Abu Dhu'ayb , came from the Hawazin subtribe of Banu Sa'd. It was not until Muhammad's victorious entry into Mecca , that the first major encounter between the main body of Hawazin and the Muslims under Muhammad occurred. Muhammad heard that Malik ibn 'Awf of the Banu Nasr bin Saad

840-569: The booty and personal effects are as well." Then the man repeated his question, and Ibn Abbas repeated his answer. Then the man said, "What are the spoils which He, the Blessed, the Exalted, mentioned in His Book?" He kept on asking until Ibn Abbas was on the verge of being annoyed, then Ibn Abbas said, "Do you know who this man is like? Ibn Sabigh, who was beaten by Umar ibn al-Khattab because he

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880-421: The camp of the Hawazin, and marched against the Hawazin just two weeks after the conquest of Mecca with a force of 12,000 men. Only four weeks had elapsed since the Muslim forces had left Medina to conquer Mecca. On Wednesday night, the tenth of Shawwal, the Muslim army arrived at Hunain. Malik bin 'Awf, who had previously entered the valley by night, gave orders to his army of four thousand men to hide inside

920-452: The conquest of Mecca, and the other two thousand were from amongst Quraysh, who had embraced Islam recently. The command of this group rested with Abu Sufyan. In those days such an army was hardly found anywhere and this numerical strength of theirs became the cause of their initial defeat. It was because, contrary to the past, they prided themselves on the large number of their soldiers and ignored military tactics. When Muslim soldiers including

960-420: The enemy began to retreat in utter confusion, according to the Muslim scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri After the enemy was defeated. About seventy men of Thaqif alone were killed, and the Muslims captured all their riding camels, weapons and cattle. The Quran verse 9:25 was also revealed in this event according to Muslim scholars: Indeed Allah has given you ˹believers˺ victory on many battlefields, even at

1000-470: The intense battlefield sitting on his ride and prayed to Allah to send help and called his people to return to the battlefield. He said "I am the Messenger of Allah. I am Muhammad, the son of Abdullah." Later Muslims' returned to the battlefield. Muhammad, then picking up a handful of earth, hurled it at the faces of their enemies while saying: "May your faces be shameful." Their eyes were thick with dust and

1040-551: The modern-day tribe of Otaibah based in Saudi Arabia are descendants of the Hawazin. The tribe formed part of the larger Qays Aylan group (also known simply as "Qays"). In the traditional sources, references to the Hawazin were often restricted to certain descendants of the tribe, known as ʿUjz Hawāzin (the rear of Hawazin); these subtribes were the Banu Sa'd , and Banu Jusham . The founders of these subtribes were either

1080-519: The new Meccan converts who saw their own large numbers they said: "We shan't at all be defeated, because our soldiers far outnumber those of the enemy. The Hawazin and their allies, the Thaqif, began including their forces when they learned from spies that The Prophet Muhammad and his army had departed from Medina to begin an assault on Mecca. The confederates apparently hoped to attack the Muslim army while it besieged Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad, however, uncovered their intentions through his own spies in

1120-611: The role as the hero of Meccans by facing their Bedouin arch-enemies, the Hawazins and the Thaqifs of the city of Al-Ta'if. The event is mentioned in the Hadith collection Sahih Bukhari as follows: We set out in the company of Allah's Messenger on the day (of the battle) of Hunain. When we faced the enemy, the Muslims retreated and I saw a pagan throwing himself over a Muslim. I turned around and came upon him from behind and hit him on

1160-509: The shoulder with the sword He (i.e. the pagan) came towards me and seized me so violently that I felt as if it were death itself, but death overtook him and he released me. I followed `Umar bin Al Khattab and asked (him), "What is wrong with the people (fleeing)?" He replied, "This is the Will of Allah," After the people returned, the Prophet sat and said, "Anyone who has killed an enemy and has

1200-586: The sons of Bakr ibn Hawazin or the sons of Mu'awiya ibn Bakr ibn Hawazin. Two other major branches of the Hawazin, the Banu Amir ibn Sa'sa'a and the Banu Thaqif , were often grouped separately from the other Hawazin sub-tribes. The Hawazin were pastoral nomads that inhabited the steppes between Mecca and Medina . Beginning around 550 CE, the Hawazin became a vassal tribe of the Banu 'Abs of Ghatafan under

1240-577: The successor of Muhammed , Abu Bakr during the Ridda Wars . Hawazin ultimately returned to the Islamic fold by the end of the war. Ghatafan The Ghaṭafān ( Arabic : غطفان ) were an Arab tribal confederation originally based northeast of Medina . The main branches of the Ghatafan were the tribes of Banu Abs , Banu Dhubyan and Ashja'. They were one of the Arab tribes that interacted with Muhammad . They are notable for allying themselves with

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1280-528: The trade route to Al-Hirah in Iraq . The Hawazins were allied with the Thaqifs, which had settled in Ta'if, a town south-east of Mecca whose trade routes ran through Hawazin territory. The alliance had engaged in several wars probably concerning trade routes between Ta'if and Mecca. Given this history they saw Muhammad as another powerful Quraishi leader who had come to lead his people. They thought among themselves that

1320-526: The truth." So, Allah's Messenger gave the spoils to me. I sold that armor (i.e. the spoils) and with its price I bought a garden at Bani Salima, and this was my first property which I gained after my conversion to Islam. The event is also in Imam Maliks Al-Muwatta as follows: Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad said that he had heard a man asking ibn Abbas about booty. Ibn Abbas said, "Horses are part of

1360-414: The valley and lurk for the Muslims on roads, entrances, and narrow hiding places. His orders to his men were to hurl stones at Muslims whenever they caught sight of them and then to make one-man attacks against them. When Muslims started camping, arrows began showering intensely at them. Their enemy's battalions started a fierce attack against the Muslims, who had to retreat in disorder and utter confusion. It

1400-474: Was Rabi'ah b. Rufaya al-Sulami. He then struck him with his sword, but to no effect. Thereupon Durayd said, "What a poor weapon your mother has armed you with! Take this sword of mine that is at the rear of the saddle in the howdah and strike me with it above the spine but below the brain, for I used to slay men in that way. Then when you go to your mother, tell her you killed Durayd b. al-Simmah. By God, how many times I protected your women.[Tabari, The Last Years of

1440-761: Was a conflict between the Muslims of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tribe of Qays in the aftermath of the conquest of Mecca . The battle took place in 8 AH ( c.  630 ) in the Hunayn valley on the route from Mecca to Taif . The battle ultimately ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, and it is one of the few battles mentioned by name in the Qur'an , where it appears in Surat at-Tawbah . The Hawazins had been long-standing enemies of Meccans. They were located north-east of Mecca and their territory sat beside

1480-459: Was an old man and killed him. Durayd was an important asset of the pagan forces due to his great number of experiences in battle and knowledge of terrain and war tactics. This is mentioned by the Muslim jurist Tabari as follows: The Messenger of God's cavalry followed those who went to Nakhlah , but not those who took to the narrow passes. Rabia b. Rufay' b. Uhban b. Tha'labah b. Rabi'ah b. Yarbu' b. Sammal119 b. 'Awf b. Imr al- [1666] Qays, who

1520-479: Was called Ibn Ladh'ah after his mother, overtook Durayd b. al-Simmah and seized his camel by its halter, thinking that he was a woman because he was in a howdah. But lo, it was a man. He made the camel kneel down beside him and [found that] the man was very old. He was Durayd b. al-Simmah, [but] the young man did not know him. Durayd asked him what he wanted to do with him. The young man replied that he wanted to kill him. Durayd asked him who he was, and he replied that he

1560-417: Was mobilizing a large force of Hawazin and Thaqif tribesmen near Mecca, thus threatening the city and the Muslims, and prompting Muhammad's forces, including a 2,000 Qurayshi tribesmen, to confront Malik's forces at the Battle of Hunayn in 630. During this engagement, the Thaqif managed to escape to Ta'if, but the Hawazin were routed and lost much of their property. However, Muhammad immediately reconciled with

1600-502: Was notorious for asking foolish questions." Yahya said that Malik was asked whether someone who killed one of the enemy could keep the man's effects without the permission of the Imam. He said, "No one can do that without the permission of the Imam. Only the Imam can make ijtihad. I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ever said, 'Whoever kills someone can have his effects,' on any other day than

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