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51-643: [REDACTED] Look up hare krishna in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hare Krishna may refer to: International Society for Krishna Consciousness , a group commonly known as "Hare Krishnas" or the "Hare Krishna movement" Hare Krishna (mantra) , a sixteen-word Vaishnava mantra also known as the "Maha Mantra" (Great Mantra) See also [ edit ] Hari Krishnan (disambiguation) Hare Rama Hare Krishna (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Hare Krishna Topics referred to by

102-561: A general consensus emerged to accept women as leaders and initiators in ISKCON. In 1998, Malati Devi Dasi became the first woman appointed to the GBC. The second woman leader, Dina Sharana, was selected in 2009. A document released by the GBC in 2019 stating that it was permissible for women to become initiating gurus within the ISKCON movement. In 1998, ISKCON published an exposé of widespread physical, emotional and sexual abuse of children in

153-405: A key role in spiritual advancement. During initiation ( diksha ) ISKCON devotees vow to follow four basic rules and regulations. Besides weekly gatherings, devotees within the ISKCON movement celebrate a diverse array of Hindu festivals, including Janmashtami , Radhastami , Diwali , Gaura Purnima , Ekadasi , Holi , Rama Navami , and Gita Jayanti . The Ratha Yatra Festival of Chariots

204-600: A region in Orissa ruled by Shashanka. There is mention of Pundravardhana being part of Gauda in certain ancient records. Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the Rarh region . While Krishna Mishra (eleventh or twelfth century AD), in his Prabodha-chandrodaya , mentions that Gauda rashtra includes Rarh (or Rarhpuri) and Bhurishreshthika, identified with Bhurshut , in Hooghly and Howrah districts, but

255-605: A standard for initiated devotees to chant sixteen rounds of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra on a Japamala containing 108 beads, daily. Each round consists of 1728 repetitions of the names of Krishna. Arati is also an important tenet (also called puja ) of ISKCON. During arati, devotees offer water, incense, a fire lamp, and flowers to a murti , a sacred statue or image of Krishna. This is accompanied by prayers and devotional songs called bhajans . Practitioners may perform arati at their own home or congregate at

306-607: A temple to join in the ceremony. Along with this worship, devotees will bathe the murti, dress it, offer it food, and even put it to sleep. By doing arati and serving the murti, devotees aim to deepen their relationship with Krishna. ISKCON devotees meet regularly (typically on Sunday at a program known as the Sunday Feast) to worship deities, listen to discourses by senior devotees, participate in kirtan and eat sanctified offered food prasadam . Devotees place great emphasis on listening to spiritual discourses, believing them to be

357-538: A twenty-two year old member of the movement, died of his injuries (burns over 80% of his body) several days later at St. Mary's Hospital with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. William North, by his side. Winfield Dunn, the them governor of Tennessee, offered a $ 2000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of those responsible. In August 2006, a bomb blast struck the ISKCON temple in Imphal in Manipur , India while

408-483: Is a monotheistic tradition which has its roots in the theistic Vedanta traditions. The most famous and publicly recognizable ISKCON practice is kirtan , a congregational chanting or singing of the Hare Krishna mantra. Kirtan is both a way to express devotion to God and a way to attract newcomers to the movement. Devotees gather in public, in streets and parks, to sing the mantra accompanied by instruments like

459-605: Is an annual parade whereby devotees chant and dance on the street, pulling a chariot with the deities of Jagannatha, Balabhadra, and Subhadra behind them. This public procession is typically followed by performances and free vegetarian food. ISKCON advocates preaching. Members try to spread Krishna consciousness primarily by singing the Hare Krishna mantra in public places and by selling Indian spiritual books transcribed from their original languages and published in English by

510-520: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages International Society for Krishna Consciousness International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ), commonly referred to as the Hare Krishna movement , is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organization . It was founded by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada . on July 13, 1966, in New York City. ISKCON's main headquarters

561-569: Is in Mayapur , West Bengal , India and it claims approximately 1 million members globally. ISKCON members practice a distinct form of monotheistic Hinduism, grounded in Hindu scriptures and especially guided by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada's commentary and translation of the Bhagavad Gita and Bhagavata Purana . Described as “the largest and arguably most important branch” of

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612-436: Is the meditative practice of repeatedly chanting the names of Krishna on a set of prayer beads. Its believers chant a mantra: Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare This mantra is repeated 108 times on the bead. Devotees usually chant 16 rounds of this everyday. It is considered the only way of salvation for people in the current age of Kali . Prabhupada established

663-700: The Supreme Personality of Godhead . The movement has experienced its fastest growth in India and, following the Soviet Union's collapse, in Russia and other formerly Soviet-aligned countries in Eastern Europe. ISKCON devotees follow a disciplic line of Gaudiya Vaishnavas and are the largest branch of Gaudiya Vaishnavism . Vaishnavism means 'worship of Vishnu ', and Gauḍa refers to

714-585: The West in 1965. At 70 years old, he landed in New York without any money (40 rupees of Indian currency). Instead of preaching to New York's elite, he tapped into the 1960s countercultural spirit by preaching and chanting in public parks and attracting hippies and the youth. His movement, then known as the "Hare Krishna Movement", grew even larger when he relocated to San Francisco a year later. When it spread to England, it gained publicity and financial backing from

765-412: The mridanga , hand cymbals, and the harmonium . During the 1970s, ISKCON entered the public eye because of this practice. Devotees would sing, distribute books, and proselytize in airports and other public areas, often obtrusively. Sankirtan continues throughout the world today, but in a less confrontational manner. Japa is another important religious practice within ISKCON and Gaudiya Vaishnavism. It

816-587: The Beatles' George Harrison . He recorded several tracks with the Hare Krishnas and included the Mahamantra in his hit track "My Sweet Lord". The first Hare Krishna commune, New Vrindavan (West Virginia), was established by Prabhupada in 1968. Since then, ISKCON has established more than 800 centers all over the world and has millions of followers. Key to the spread of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology in

867-519: The GBC decided to "relieve" a number of leaders and new leaders were selected. The young leaders of the GBC sought the advice of one of Prabhupada's Gaudiya godbrothers, and endeavored to become more integrated in the broader Hindu community. After years of discussion and reforms, a general consensus emerged to accept women as leaders in ISKCON, overriding the former GBC supposition that "unprotected, 'women leaders become subject to various forms of mistreatment and abuse'". In 1998, Malati Devi Dasi became

918-546: The Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, ISKCON traces its roots in India to the early 16th century and expanded to gain followers in America, Europe, and Africa from the mid-to-late 20th century. The Hare Krishna movement advocates for lacto-vegetarianism and was initially founded to promote bhakti yoga . Followers, known as bhaktas, dedicate their thoughts and actions to devotion toward Krishna , whom they honor as

969-681: The ISKCON members in Sri Vrindavan Dham commune in Almaty, on the grounds that they were illegal constructions. ISKCON argued that they were victims of religious persecution and the government maintains that it was purely related to property rights. In 2009, an orphanage run by the ISKCON Chittagong (Sri Sri Radha Madhava Mandir ) in Bangladesh was attacked in an incident linked to an internal feud between two groups within

1020-585: The Managoli inscription of the Yadava king Jaitugi I distinguishes Lala (Rarh) from Gaula (Gauda). The Pala emperors were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda). Sena kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal. According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day Malda district . In

1071-553: The Material World ". In the 1980s, underground New York City hardcore punk band the Cro-Mags included Hare Krishna members and made references to Krishna Consciousness. By the early 1990s, an entire underground Krishnacore subgenre was established with other New York hardcore bands like Shelter and 108 . In 2020, Willow Smith and Jahnavi Harrison collaborated on the song "Surrender (Krishna Keshava"), and

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1122-748: The Sadhu Sanga Retreat in Boone, North Carolina, Kirtan 50 in Dallas, Texas, and Radhadesh Mellows, in Durbuy, Belgium. Notable kirtaneers include Jahnavi Harrison , Gaura Vani , and the Mayapuris, who have all released Kirtan albums. Kirtan sessions are also held outside of temple settings, including at a local university "Bhakti Clubs", mantra lounges, and at a yoga and wellness festivals. Full theatrical performances have been produced based on

1173-633: The Vedic theologies. Prominent performance companies include Viva Kultura and Vande Arts. The Hare Krishna mantra appears in some famous songs, such as former Beatle George Harrison 's 1970 hit " My Sweet Lord ". John Lennon included the phrase "Hare Krishna" in his lyrics to " Give Peace a Chance " and the Beatles' 1967 track " I Am the Walrus ". The backing vocalists also sing the phrase in Ringo Starr 's 1971 hit " It Don't Come Easy ", written with

1224-631: The West it "has a relatively small number of followers", estimated at "a few thousand full-time practitioners", but those showing interest in its activities might number into the "tens of thousands." After considerable success in the West due to the counterculture of the 1960s , ISKCON lost its momentum from the early 1980s onward, "facing a sharp decline in membership and in financial resources" in North America and in Western Europe, while in

1275-620: The Western world were Prabhupada's writings and translations, including the Bhagavad Gita As It Is , Srimad Bhagavatam ( Bhagavata Purana ), Chaitanya Charitamrita , and other scriptures. These works are now available in more than seventy languages and serve as the scriptures of ISKCON. ISKCON describes Krishna as the original source of all the avatars of the Almighty God. Registered members worship Krishna as

1326-413: The album "RISE", featuring ancient sacred songs from India with Sanskrit lyrics. Vegetarianism is one of the four tenets of ISKCON. Due to Prabhupada's focus on food distribution, many ISKCON devotees have opened vegan and vegetarian eateries. Not all restaurants opened by ISKCON members are officially affiliated with ISKCON, although many Govindas' restaurants or catering businesses operate out of

1377-403: The ancient texts. Gauda and Vanga are sometimes used side by side. Shashanka , the first important king of ancient Bengal who is believed to have ruled between 590 AD to 625 AD, had his capital at Karnasubarna , 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Baharampur , headquarters of Murshidabad district. The Chinese monk, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from the country of Karnasubarna to

1428-461: The area where this particular branch of Vaishnavism originated, in the Gauda region of West Bengal and Bangladesh . Gaudiya Vaishnavism has had a following in India, especially West Bengal and Odisha , for the past five hundred years. Gaudiya Vaishnavism was founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , who rapidly spread his form of ecstatic bhakti (devotion) throughout Bengal. He established Sankirtan ,

1479-597: The early Muslim period the name Gauda came to be applied to Lakhanavati in Malda district. In the narrower sense Gauda is the territory between the river Padma and Bardhamana region. Gaur/Gour , as it is spelled mostly in modern times, refers to Lakhnauti the ruined city located on the India-Bangladesh border. Most of the former citadel is located in present-day the Malda district of West Bengal , India, while

1530-419: The everyday world and become sannyasis (renunciate monks), indicating that those who set policy would not be involved with financial dealings. However, after Prabhupada's death some GBC members adopted lavish lifestyles. A number of schisms tested the notion of the supreme authority of the GBC. Some of these scandals involved GBC members Hans Kary (Hansadutta) and James Immel (Jayatirtha), as well as one of

1581-427: The first woman appointed to the GBC. The second woman leader, Dina Sharana, was selected in 2009. Prabhupada claimed to belong to the traditional system of paramparā , or disciplic succession, in which teachings upheld by scriptures are handed down from master to disciple, generation after generation. Women's roles are a controversial issue within ISKCON, and its members have strongly divergent opinions regarding

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1632-488: The group's boarding schools in the United States and India in the 1970s and 1980s. The report stated that the monks and young devotees caring for the children had no training in the task and often resented having to perform it. At a meeting in 1996, former young members testified that they had been regularly beaten at school, denied medical care, and sexually molested and raped. In 2002, a suit for $ 900   million

1683-408: The help of Harrison, although the words were mixed low on the released version. Of the four Beatles, only Harrison fully embraced Krishna Consciousness. He also provided financial support for ISKCON's UK branch and in 1973 purchased Bhaktivedanta Manor for their temple compound. Harrison enjoyed a warm friendship with Prabhupada, who provided the inspiration for Harrison songs such as " Living in

1734-515: The highest form of God, svayam bhagavan , and often refer to him as the Supreme Personality of Godhead in their published writing, which was a phrase coined by Prabhupada in his books on the subject. For its devotees, Radha represents Krishna's divine female counterpart, the original spiritual potency, and the embodiment of devotional love. The individual soul has an eternal spiritual identity which does not ultimately merge into

1785-416: The interpretation of Prabhupada's teachings on gender roles. While some of its leaders advocate that women should take public leadership roles, other leaders disagree, and maintain that "traditional" roles for women are more appropriate. Concerns have been expressed regarding the perceived potential for adverse effects stemming from feminist ideals infiltrating the regulations of ISKCON. Since women are

1836-458: The last decade of his life setting up the institution of ISKCON. The Governing Body Commission (or GBC) is the managerial authority of ISKCON. Created by Bhaktivedanta in 1970, it meets annually. In a document Direction of Management written on 28 July 1970 Prabhupada appointed twelve members to the commission, all of them non- sannyasi , including Satsvarupa dasa Goswami , Hansadutta Swami , and Tamala Krishna Goswami . The letter outlined

1887-472: The late 1990s the situation began to deteriorate in Eastern Europe as well. In 2000, it was estimated that only 750–900 members were residing in ISKCON centers in the United States. Since then, ISKCON has depended on the Indian diaspora to "revitalize" the movement; in most North American congregations Indian members making up 80% of the numbers. ISKCON has experienced a number of significant internal problems,

1938-519: The leaders of the New Vrindaban community, Keith Ham (Kirtanananda), who surrounded himself with opulence and declared himself the only true successor to Prabhupada. In 1982, the GBC began the slow process of adding new gurus to the original eleven. In 1983 the GBC was announced to be the highest ecclesiastical authority of ISKCON. In 1985 the decision was made to lower the standard of living for ISKCON leadership. After much heated discussion,

1989-487: The lesser status or secondary tier as " Demi-gods ", while only promoting Krishna as singular and highest form of "Supreme Godhead". In the last several decades, there have been multiple counts of violent actions taken against ISKCON that have resulted in the deaths of many, including devotees of ISKCON. On January 21, 1974, two firebombs were tossed into the Hare Krishna temple in Knoxville, Tennessee. Allen Bruce North,

2040-619: The main temple center. The ISKCON followers refer to their diet as 'Krishnatarian'. According to them "A Krishnatarian meal is one which is cooked using fresh, vegetarian ingredients (excluding onion, garlic, red lentils and mushrooms) and milk products which is cooked by an Iskcon follower and offered to their main deities before it is distributed and consumed." ISKCON claims to have around one million congregational members worldwide (majority in India), with 15,000 in Great Britain . In

2091-455: The majority of which occurred from the late 1970s onwards, and especially within the decade following Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada's death. ISKCON has also been scrutinised by some anti-cult movements . Accordingly, the organization has also been widely criticized for alleged re-translation of various traditionalist Hindu scriptures by their own publishing company, which alleges that other Hindu gods are either ignored, censored or demoted to

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2142-468: The most respected position in Vedic culture, women within the Hare Krishna community are all viewed with reverence, especially by celibate male monks, also known as brahmacharis . "Mataji" (lit. Mother) is a term of respect for women in ISKCON, and is often prefixed to the Sanskrit name they receive in initiation. Unmarried women are also referred to in this term. After years of discussion and reforms,

2193-576: The movement's founder, Prabhupada. A study conducted by the American researcher E. Burke Rochford Jr. at the University of California found that there are four types of contact between those in ISKCON and prospective members: individually motivated contact, contact made with members in public areas, contact made through personal connections, and contact with sympathizers of the movement who strongly encourage people to join. Prabhupada spent much of

2244-460: The non-dual consciousness (Brahman) as believed by the monistic ( Advaita ) schools of Hinduism. Prabhupada most frequently offers Sanatana-dharma and Varnashrama dharma as more accurate names for the religious system which accepts Vedic authority. Pious believers both teach and claim that Krishna is greater and far magnanimous than the traditionalist Hindu Trimurti of Vishnu , Shiva and Brahma and all its conceived emanations. It

2295-460: The organization internationally and continues to file and review reports on local Child Protection Teams in 2005. The Child Protection Policy and Procedure Guidelines were revised and ratified by the GBC in June 2018. The practice of mantra chanting and devotional singing, also known as Kirtan , is prominent in the ISKCON movement. Dedicated kirtan festivals are held annually around the world, such as

2346-476: The organization. The group vandalized furniture and a statue in the orphanage and beat the devotees of other group. They also tried to take control of the temple and the orphanage. Despite the violence that was perpetrated, there was immense support by the surrounding community after the attack. Gau%E1%B8%8Da (region) The Arthashastra of Chanakya (around 350–283 BC) refers to it along with Vanga , Pundra . This geographical idea continues with some of

2397-680: The practice of publicly expressing devotion to Krishna, the Supreme God, through dance and song. This form of communal worship responded to rigid caste structures by engaging all people in worship regardless of caste and creed. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu emphasized chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra (the 'great mantra'). He is considered by Gaudiya Vaishnavas to be an incarnation of Krishna himself. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, believed to have direct lineage with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, brought Chaitanya's Gaudiya Vaishnavism to

2448-441: The purposes of the commission: improving the standard of temple management, the spread of Krishna consciousness, the distribution of books and literature, the opening of new centers and the education of the devotees. GBC has since grown in size to include 48 senior members from the movement who make decisions based on consensus of opinion. Shortly after establishing the GBC, Prabhupada asked his newly appointed leaders to renounce

2499-421: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hare Krishna . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hare_Krishna&oldid=1253315901 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2550-470: The temple was full of worshipers. Five devotees were killed and a further 50 were injured, among them being the chief priest. The director-general of the police announced that, after an investigation, they believed that the attack was carried out by two suspects, but their names were not released to the public. The next year, in 2007, the Kazakhstan government authorities demolished 25 homes belonging to

2601-654: Was filed in Texas State Court by alleged victims of abuse in ISKCON boarding schools. ISKCON later filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . The eventual 2008 settlement in what became known as the Turley Case was $ 15   million. The ISKCON Central Office of Child Protection department office was established by the GBC in 1997. It released its first official Child Protection Policy and Procedure Guidelines. The CPO has provided Child Protection Information Training to over 500 child care providers within

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