48-702: Government of Haryana , also known as the State Government of Haryana , or locally as the Haryana Government , is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Haryana and its 22 districts . It consists of an executive , ceremonially led by the Governor of Haryana and otherwise by the Chief Minister , a judiciary , and a legislative branch. The head of state of Haryana is
96-687: A 1,467-metre (4,813 ft) tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana. Most of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain , a subsection of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh. Haryana has four main geographical features. The Yamuna ,
144-401: A large area of Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and development. Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post- Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras live here, who developed special skills in the art of agriculture. According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana evolved as
192-453: A part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given to Punjab. The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory , serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana . Chaudhary Devi Lal is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state from Punjab in 1966. As per 2019 estimates,
240-496: A part of the National Capital Region . The city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and technology hubs. Haryana has 6 administrative divisions , 22 districts , 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils , 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks , 154 cities and towns , 7,356 villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats . Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within
288-507: A result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of Pakistan . Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from West Punjab . Gopi Chand Bhargava , who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab. Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up
336-586: A tributary of the Ganges , flows along the state's eastern boundary. Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas , such as Ghaggar ( palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river ), Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river , tributary of the Ghagghar), Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar), Kaushalya river (tributary of
384-664: A word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path, way") to Ahirāyana to Hariyānā (Haryana). The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are home to ancient sites of the Indus Valley Civilization , which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals). During
432-588: Is a popular beverage and serves as an instant refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is another beloved drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is referred to as "kachi lassi" in Haryana. Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or communities. Castes such as Jat , Rajput , Gurjar , Saini , Pasi , Ahirs , Ror , Meo , Charan , Bishnoi , Harijan , Aggarwal , Brahmin , Khatri and Tyagi are some of
480-404: Is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area. The state capital is Chandigarh , which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab; the most populous city is Faridabad ,
528-567: Is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana), and sung in the form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers. Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music . Hindustani classical ragas , learnt in gharana parampara of guru–shishya tradition , are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about
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#1732780612222576-442: Is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along with the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination. Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour. Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including
624-636: Is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi festival. Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen in
672-499: Is received during the period from December to February as a result of the western disturbance . Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km ) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km ), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%. In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings. Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over
720-804: Is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region falling within the Haryana state. The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon district. Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur , such as Pandu Teerth Kund , Surya Kund , Kukkar Kund , Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund . Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills , Dhosi Hill in Mahendragarh district and Pali village on
768-438: Is rich in history , monuments , heritage , flora and fauna and tourism , with a well-developed economy , national highways and state roads . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan to the west and south , while river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh . Haryana surrounds the country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently,
816-913: The Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region, including Sahibi River (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi), Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near Neem Ka Thana in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district), Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river) and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in Sikar district of Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of
864-770: The Battle of Delhi , and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya . The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. Panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis . In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari . Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab to Bengal , defeating
912-1408: The Drishadwati / Saraswati river. Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal , Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from Sutlej river tributary of Indus ), and Indira Gandhi Canal . Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district, Hathnikund Barrage and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district, Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district, ancient Anagpur Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district, and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district. Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland , Badkhal Lake in Faridabad, holy Brahma Sarovar and Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra, Blue Bird Lake in Hisar, Damdama Lake at Sohna , Hathni Kund in Yamunanagar district, Karna Lake at Karnal, ancient Surajkund in Faridabad , and Tilyar Lake in Rohtak. The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board
960-559: The Vedic era , Haryana was the site of the Kuru Kingdom , one of India's great Mahajanapadas . The south of Haryana is the claimed location of Manu 's state of Brahmavarta . The area surrounding Dhosi Hill , and districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like Vedas , Upanishads , Manusmriti , Brahmanas and Puranas . As per Manusmriti, Manu
1008-448: The caste wise composition of Haryana is 25-27% Jats , 21% Scheduled Caste , 8% Punjabis , 7.5% Brahmins , 5.1% Ahir / Yadav , 5% Vaish , 4% Jat Sikhs , 3.8% Meos and other Muslims, 3.4% Rajputs , 3.4% Gujjar , 2.9% Saini , 2.7% Kumhars , 1.1% Ror and 0.7% Bishnois . Languages of Haryana (2011) The official language of Haryana is Hindi . Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in
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#17327806122221056-870: The 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos ) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities. Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district . Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after Punjab , and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab , such as Sirsa , Jind , Fatehabad , Kaithal , Kurukshetra , Ambala and Panchkula . Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music , folk dances , saang (folk theatre), cinema , belief system such as Jathera (ancestral worship), and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery. Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying
1104-527: The 7th century with its capital at Thanesar . Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal Tomar was a prominent king among the Tomaras. After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa , Fatehabad , Sunam , Kaithal and Panipat . When he reached
1152-887: The Ghagghar), Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar), Sarsuti , Dangri , Somb river . Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage, rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district , passes through Ambala and Sirsa , it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km (290 mi) before disappearing into
1200-591: The Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister of Haryana is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers to run the 22 districts of Haryana across its six divisions . Chandigarh is the capital of Haryana and houses the Haryana Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and
1248-762: The Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas . The state was part of the British Punjab province . The Delhi division of Punjab province formed
1296-544: The Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby
1344-508: The adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own as explained above. With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand
1392-901: The bravery of Alha and Udal , Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II ), Brahmas worship and festive seasonal songs (such as Teej , Holi and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi ). Bravery songs are sung in high pitch. Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi , Raag Bhairav , Raag Kafi , Raag Jaijaivanti , Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads , ceremonial songs (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat . Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch. Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as Phagan (song for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for
1440-631: The bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were Jind , Kalsia , Loharu , Dujana and Pataudi , as well as parts of the Patiala State . During the Partition of India , the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as East Punjab state. As
1488-915: The cultural needs of primarily agrarian and martial natures of Haryanavi tribes. Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang , Raslila and Ragini . The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by Lakhmi Chand . Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji / Gugga , Holi , Phaag , Sawan , Teej . The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya , Holi , Manjira , Ras Leela , Raginis ). The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary bravery ( Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance ( Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini ), ceremonial ( Dhamal Dance , Ghoomar , Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and Ragini ). Haryanvi folk music
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1536-743: The deserts of Rajasthan. The seasonal Markanda River , known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala , and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar. Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from
1584-472: The eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet songs), sathne (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends). Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as Bhajan , Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), Sagai , Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), Kuan-Poojan (a custom that
1632-651: The famed Murrah buffalo and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own butter and ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter, known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily basis. When a girl becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee, edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram flour), and dry fruits. Buttermilk, known as "chaaj,"
1680-558: The industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region. Gurgaon is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India. Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human development index . The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 7.65 trillion (US$ 92 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹ 240,000 (US$ 2,900). The state
1728-473: The notable of these 36 Jātis. Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests. Karoh Peak ,
1776-400: The outskirts of Faridabad. Haryana is hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January. The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm. Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the monsoon , and the remaining rainfall
1824-410: The second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes in 2010. After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the "second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught. Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show
1872-609: The secretariat. The city also serves as the capital of Punjab , and is a union territory of India. The present Legislative Assembly of Haryana is unicameral , consisting of 90 members of the legislative assembly (MLAs). Its term is five years, unless dissolved earlier. The Punjab and Haryana High Court , located in Chandigarh, has jurisdiction over the whole state. List of films , Chandrawal , Jagat Jakhar ) Haryana Haryana ( / h ʌr i ˈ ɑː n ə / ; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː] ; ISO : Hariyāṇā )
1920-591: The state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time. In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status. There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent, like Bengali , Bhojpuri , Marwari , Mewari , and Nepali , as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria , Bazigar , Gujari , Gade Lohar , Oadki , and Sansi . Religion in Haryana (2011) According to
1968-541: The state. During the monsoon , a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry , eucalyptus , pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck , nilgai , panther , fox , mongoose , jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here. Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by
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2016-457: The state. Predominant among them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast, Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati , Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south. There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi , the latter of which was recognised as
2064-414: The testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk. As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian. The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence. The regional cuisine features the staples of roti , saag , vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee , milk, lassi and kheer . Haryana
2112-454: The then-districts of Hisar , Mahendragarh , Gurgaon , Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh , Ambala and Jagadhri – were to be included. The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar , which includes Chandigarh , the state capital of Punjab, should be
2160-404: The town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The Ahirs resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while
2208-586: The town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to Tohana , whose Jat inhabitants were robbers according to Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi . They tried to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 Jats , while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing Jats and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages along
2256-446: The way. On the next day, he came to Assandh , whose residents were " fire-worshippers " according to Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and Salwan before reaching Panipat whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to Loni fort. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya , also called Hemu , claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in
2304-715: Was the king of Brahmavarta , the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed. Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological expeditions in Badli , Bhiwani ( Ranila , Charkhi Dadri and Badhra ), Dadri , Gurgaon ( Gurugram ), Hansi , Hisar , Kasan, Nahad, Narnaul , Pehowa , Rewari , Rohad, Rohtak ( Asthal Bohar ) and Sonepat in Haryana. Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in
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