Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (9 June 1774 – 23 November 1856) was an Austrian orientalist , historian and diplomat. He is considered one of the most accomplished orientalists of his time.
24-648: Hasköy may refer to the following places in Turkey: Hasköy is also the Turkish name for Haskovo , when Bulgaria was under Ottoman rule Haskovo Haskovo ( Bulgarian : Хасково [ˈxaskovo] ) is a city in the region of Northern Thrace in southern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of the Haskovo Province , not far from the borders with Greece and Turkey . According to Operative Program Regional Development of Bulgaria,
48-656: A late eighteenth-century intellectual tradition. Hammer-Purgstall's principal work is his Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (10 vols., Pest , 1827–1835; revised edition in 4 vols., 1834–1836; reprinted 1840). Among his other works are: For a comprehensive list of his works see Constantin Schlottmann, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall , Zurich 1857. For a biographical account of Hammer's life, see Walter Höflechner, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall 1774–1856: ein altösterreichisches Gelehrtenleben. Eine Annäherung , Graz 2021. Hammer married Caroline von Henikstein (1797–1844),
72-595: A medal commissioned by a friend of his, Ludwig August von Frankl . The reverse references some of his works in pictures. He died in Vienna on 23 November 1856. Hammer considered the Greeks of his time to culturally belong with the Orient on linguistic and political grounds, rather than following the philhellenic trend of equating the Greeks with their classical legacy. In this regard, he seems to have stayed faithful to
96-531: Is twinned with: The branch structure of the economy of Haskovo municipality is diverse and consists of Bulgarian and international companies of different sizes. These companies sell their products in both foreign and domestic markets. The future development of the municipality is related to the full use of natural and climatic conditions in the field of agriculture - efforts to develop promising market-oriented agricultural production, creation of agricultural consulting centers and others. The historical features and
120-489: The South Shetland Islands , Antarctica , is named after the city of Haskovo. Haskovo has a temperate climate ( Köppen : Cfa, Trewartha : Do), closely bordring on a continental climate , with an average yearly temperature of about 13 °C (55 °F). Winters are cold, albeit not as snowy as the western and northern parts of the country. Summers are hot, and late-summer is somewhat dry. The name of
144-727: The 9th century – during the First Bulgarian Empire – a fortress was built in Haskovo that soon was transformed into a town. The town was located at the centre of a sizable region between the Klokotnitsa, Harmanliyska, and Maritsa rivers. The village and surrounding area became part of the Ottoman Empire shortly after the conquest of Edirne in 1361. During the time of Mehmed the Conqueror , Hasköy, as it
168-499: The autonomous Principality of Bulgaria , which declared full independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. It was renamed Haskovo after Bulgarian independence. After the liberation from Ottoman rule in 1878, the Haskovo region became popular for high-quality tobacco production. However, presently there is no cigarette production in the region anymore after the once big Tobacco company "Haskovo-BT" closed in 2005. Currently,
192-444: The biggest enterprises produce food, machinery, and textiles. The population of Haskovo was 14,191 in 1887. Since then it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of the migrants from the rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns. It reached its peak in the period 1987–1991, when the population exceeded 90,000. In December 2017, Haskovo's population was 71,214 people within the city limits. The Haskovo Municipality, with
216-695: The city and the municipality, while the Bulgarians have a higher proportion in the province than the city, numbering 180,541 (79.4%). According to the 2001 census, the Orthodox Christians are around 80% vs. around 20% Muslims . The most notable cultural landmarks in Haskovo are the Ivan Dimov drama theater, renovated in 2004, the Museum of History, and an art gallery. The annual Colourful Thrace Sings and Dances folk festival takes place in
240-638: The daughter of Austrian Jewish financier Joseph von Henikstein in 1816. In 1835, upon inheriting the estates of the Countess Purgstall (née Jane Anne Cranstoun), the Edinburgh-born widow of his late friend Gottfried Wenzel von Purgstall, he acquired the title Freiherr and changed his family name to Hammer-Purgstall. The Countess Purgstall's sensationalist portrayal by her fellow Scotsman Basil Hall in Schloss Hainfeld; or,
264-646: The diplomatic service in 1796, he was appointed in 1799 to a position in the Austrian embassy in Istanbul , and in this capacity he took part in the expedition under Admiral William Sidney Smith and General John Hely-Hutchinson against France . In 1807 he returned home from the East, after which he was made a privy councillor . In 1824 he was knighted and thereafter styled himself as Ritter Joseph von Hammer . For fifty years Hammer-Purgstall wrote prolifically on
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#1732771883025288-420: The legally affiliated adjacent villages, had a population of 87,780. According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows: Total: 76,397 In Haskovo Municipality 63,963 declared as Bulgarians, 16,890 as Turks, 3859 as Roma and 8,984 did not declare their ethnic group. Most of the 28,444 Turks (12.5%) in Haskovo Province are concentrated within
312-705: The most diverse subjects and published numerous texts and translations of Arabic , Persian and Turkish authors. He was the first to publish a complete translation of the divan of Hafez into a western language. By traversing so large a field, he laid himself open to the criticism of specialists, and he was severely handled by Heinrich Friedrich von Diez (1751–1817), who, in his Unfug und Betrug in der morgenländischen Litteratur, nebst vielen hundert Proben von der groben Unwissenheit des H. v. Hammer zu Wien in Sprachen und Wissenschaften (1815), devoted to him nearly 600 pages of abuse. He also came into friendly conflict on
336-453: The nearby Uzuncaova ( Uzundzhovo ) fair, which would become famous in all of Ottoman Bulgaria. The town's importance increased in the 19th century. With its markets and fairs Hasköy became a significant centre of commerce in the Sanjak (District) of Filibe . At the same time, an increasing number of Bulgarians and other minorities came to settle in the town. By the second half of the century
360-737: The nearby park Kenana. A 32-metre-high monument of the Mother of God and the Infant Jesus was erected on the Hill of Youth near Haskovo in 2003. The monument was inaugurated on 8 September on the occasion of the Nativity of Holy Virgin Mary , when the day of the town of Haskovo is celebrated. It was entered into the Guinness Book of Records as the highest monument to the Mother of God in
384-483: The population had grown to about 6000 people, of whom 3500 were non-Muslims and only 2500 were Turks. In the 1870s Hasköy was a hotbed of revolutionary activity during the Bulgarian National Revival and subsequent Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 , after which de facto Ottoman control of the town came to an end. Haskovo was part of Eastern Rumelia from 1878–1885, and was then incorporated into
408-551: The population increased to 1400 people in 274 households, and in 1530 it was recorded that there was one Friday mosque ( cami ) as well as six smaller mosques in the village. In 1592, the Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha commissioned the building of two caravanserais, two baths, shops, a mosque and an almshouse at the request of the people. According to the Austrian historian and orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall , Sinan Pasha also inaugurated
432-666: The rich culture of the region, in combination with the well-developed transport and tourist infrastructure, are a favorable factor for the development of tourism. The partnership relations established by the municipality with cities from England, Austria, France, Greece, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Portugal, the US, Russia, Serbia, Belarus also have a valuable contribution in this respect. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall Born Joseph Hammer in Graz, Duchy of Styria (now Styria , Austria ), he received his early education mainly in Vienna . Entering
456-706: The subject of the origin of The Thousand and One Nights with his younger English contemporary Edward William Lane . Hammer-Purgstall supported the foundation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and became the Academy's first president (1847–1849). The Austrian Oriental Society , founded in 1959 to foster cultural relations with the Near East, is formally named 'Österreichische Orient-Gesellschaft Hammer-Purgstall' in recognition of Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's accomplishments. In 1847 he received
480-437: The town is derived from its earlier Ottoman-era name Hasköy , which is a hybrid Arabic-Turkish compound meaning "special village" (Turkish has "special" via Arabic خَاصّ + Turkish köy "village"). It was so named after it became the centre of an Ottoman administrative district in the region. The ancient Thracian name of the settlement was Marsa ( Greek : Μάρσα ) , by which it was known until as late as 1782. By 1830, it
504-557: The urban area of Haskovo is the seventh largest in Bulgaria and has a population of 184,731 inhabitants. Haskovo has a population of 64,564 as of 2022, making it Bulgaria's 12th largest city. The first settlement found in Haskovo is from circa 5000 BC. Haskovo celebrated its 1,000th anniversary as a town in 1985. To mark the event, a new clock tower was erected in the centre of the town. Haskovo Cove in Greenwich Island in
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#1732771883025528-726: The world. Haskovo has recently invested in renovating its town center, with a variety of new sculptures and fountains erected. Municipal landmarks include the Thracian Aleksandrovo tomb as well as Uzundzhovo's Church of the Assumption , built originally as a mosque during Ottoman times. In 1395 the Eski cami (the Old Mosque) was built as one of the first in the Balkans. Its minaret is slightly inclined. Haskovo
552-457: Was known by its Turkish name, Hasköy . The Bulgarian (and common Slavic ) placename suffix " -ovo " replaced the Turkish "köy" after the city switched to Bulgarian from Ottoman rule. According to archeologists, the area of Haskovo was originally settled about seven thousand years ago. In and around Haskovo, evidence has been preserved that confirms its long history during the prehistoric , Thracian , Greek , Roman , and Byzantine periods. In
576-629: Was then known, was settled by around 750 people, consisting of 150 Muslim families spread across 12 neighbourhoods: Hacı Mahmud, Îsâ Fakih, Sofular, Saraç İnebey, Saraç Musa, Hacı Kayalı, Cüllâh, Hacı İsmâil, Kadı, Debbâğlar, Hacı Bayezid and Dervişan. The village acquired a largely agricultural character during most of the Ottoman period; there was also a thriving cottage industry and craftsmen such as saddlers, tanners, shoemakers, furriers and soapmakers, dyers, and chandlers made their home in Hasköy. In 1515
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