Misplaced Pages

#946053

125-507: HeForShe , often referred to as He for She , is a solidarity movement for the advancement of gender equality initiated by the United Nations . Grounded in the idea that gender inequality is an issue that affects all people, socially, economically and politically, HeForShe is a global effort that seeks to involve men and boys in achieving equality by taking action against negative gender stereotypes and behaviors. Its logo represents

250-583: A blind trust which is atypical for opposition MPs, including leaders. According to documents obtained by the Ottawa Citizen , he fulfilled the pledge in July 2013 when the blind trust was set up by BMO Private Banking . On January 27, 2014, Trudeau and MP Carolyn Bennett escorted Chrystia Freeland into the House of Commons, as is traditional for by-election victors. Trudeau launched an internet video

375-458: A camp counsellor . Trudeau and his brothers were given shares in two numbered companies by their father: the first containing a portfolio of securities, from which they receive regular dividends, up to $ 20,000 per year; and the second which receives royalties from their father's autobiography and other sources, about $ 10,000 a year. As of August 2011, the first numbered company had assets of $ 1.2 million. The Trudeau brothers were also given

500-700: A no-fault divorce which the Supreme Court of Ontario granted in 1984; his father had announced his intention to retire as prime minister a month earlier. Eventually his parents came to an amicable joint-custody arrangement and learned to get along quite well. Interviewed in October 1979, his nanny Dianne Lavergne was quoted, "Justin is a mommy's boy, so it's not easy, but children's hurts mend very quickly. And they're lucky kids, anyway." Of his mother and father's marriage, Trudeau said in 2009, "They loved each other incredibly, passionately, completely. But there

625-726: A #GetFree tour was organised throughout universities to initiative gender equality ideas in North America, and over 100 HeForShe student clubs are active worldwide. The Civil Society is able to engage via the online HeForShe Action Kit. HeForShe has been partnering with numerous organisations to advance gender equality in sports, including the Valencia Club de Fútbol (CF), one of Europe's major football teams and Fenerbahçe Sports Club, one of Turkey's most popular sports club. The HeForShe Champions also engage by raising awareness on gender equality through their own sports events such as

750-474: A French-language lycée, but Trudeau's mother convinced his father of the importance of sending their sons to a public school. In the end, Trudeau was enrolled in 1976 in the French immersion program at Rockcliffe Park Public School . It was the same school his mother had attended for two years while her father was a member of Parliament. He could have been dropped off by limousine, but his parents elected he take

875-636: A break from his documentary work to be a senior advisor on Trudeau's campaign. During the leadership campaign, three by-elections were held on November 26, 2012 . The riding Calgary Centre was expected to be a three-way race between the Conservatives, Liberals and Green Party. A week before by-election day Sun Media reported on comments Trudeau had made in a 2010 interview with Télé-Québec , in which he said, "Canada isn't doing well right now because it's Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda." Trudeau's campaign advisor said that

1000-545: A common creditor and was not a primary legal principle. Conservatism , following the French Revolution , introduced the concept of "solidarity", which was detached from the legal system , as a reaction against rapid social change and as a longing for a stable society. During the July Monarchy , Pierre Leroux , a utopian socialist who is also said to have coined the term socialism , also introduced

1125-411: A completely different logic, rather than on a collective norm. According to Professor Heikki Ervast, however, three basic concepts can be associated with Nordic welfare states : macro-collectivism, universalism and solidarism. In simple terms, macro-collectivism means that recipients and payers of transfers do not need to know each other. Universalism means that the social protection and services of

1250-823: A country estate of about 50 hectares in the Laurentians with a home designed by the esteemed Canadian architect Arthur Erickson , and the Cormier House in Montreal. The country estate land was estimated to be worth $ 2.7 million in 2016. Trudeau has a bachelor of arts degree in literature from McGill University and a bachelor of education degree from the University of British Columbia . In his first year at McGill, Trudeau became acquainted with his future principal secretary , Gerald Butts , through their mutual friend, Jonathan Ablett. Butts invited Trudeau to join

1375-564: A distinct definition of solidarity within healthcare system frameworks is important. The terms solidaire and solidairement already appeared in French legal language in the 16th century. They are related to the Roman legal concept in solidum, which was derived from the Latin word solidus, meaning "on behalf of the whole". In Napoleon's code, solidarity meant the joint liability of debtors towards

SECTION 10

#1732773244947

1500-404: A horizontal network of voluntary associations with goods distributed in compliance with the physical needs of the individual, rather than according to labor. The political philosophy of the early twentieth century, condensed into the concept of solidarity, sought to offer both a scientific theory of social interdependence and a moral solution to social problems . According to some scholars,

1625-664: A major factor for gender equality, and hope that the human stories as well as scalable, proven solutions will provide a roadmap to progress and help to shape the men's movement for gender equality. A special event was held to start the HeForShe movement on 20 September 2014 at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City. It was hosted by UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson , whose speech about her call to involve men and boys in promoting gender equality

1750-804: A more just world, marked by greater solidarity The Church's teaching on solidarity is explained in the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church , and briefly summarised in the Catechism of the Catholic Church : Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who has been serving as the 23rd prime minister of Canada since 2015 and

1875-410: A nation. Trudeau later wrote a public letter on the subject, describing the idea of Quebec nationhood as "against everything my father ever believed". Trudeau announced his support for leadership candidate Gerard Kennedy shortly before the 2006 convention and introduced Kennedy during the candidates' final speeches. When Kennedy dropped off after the second ballot, Trudeau joined him in supporting

2000-473: A positive factor for all human growth . Solidarism thus combined the natural interdependence of human beings with solidarity as a moral goal. Although the idea of solidarity had different successors and interpretations, they had in common the emphasis on both the social responsibility of the state and the cooperation of citizens. Solidarity also played a central role in the thinking of the French economist Charles Gide (1847–1932). Gide set out to challenge

2125-648: A potential future Prime Minister—and scrutinized through that lens". The Conservative Party won a minority government in the 2008 election, and Trudeau entered parliament as a member of the Official Opposition . Trudeau's first legislative act was a motion that called for the creation of a "national voluntary service policy for young people". He later co-chaired the Liberal Party's April 2009 national convention in Vancouver , and in October of

2250-628: A previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau . Major government initiatives he undertook during his first term included establishing the Canada Child Benefit , legalizing medical assistance in dying , legalizing recreational marijuana through the Cannabis Act ; attempting Senate appointment reform by establishing the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments and establishing

2375-488: A roadmap for other organizations. The HeForShe Male Allies Guide for Gender Equality – Tips for Understanding and Managing Your Emotions, was built on a programme pioneered by the Government of Finland, a HeForShe IMPACT Champion, to enlist army conscripts to prevent violence against women. To raise awareness on gender equality challenges such as mental load, gender-based violence and discrimination, and to engage men in

2500-486: A student event at the Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf , which he attended. Following his father's death, Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s. Along with Olympian Charmaine Crooks , he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister Jean Chrétien at the party's 2003 leadership convention , and was appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in

2625-446: A three-tiered practice enacted at the interpersonal, communal, and contractual and legal levels. This approach is driven by the quest to differentiate between the diverse applications of the concept and to clarify its meaning, both historically and in terms of its potential as a fruitful concept for contemporary moral, social, and political issues. The modern practice of bioethics is significantly influenced by Immanuel Kant's concept of

SECTION 20

#1732773244947

2750-533: A wealth tax on real estate starting in 2018. It was paid by all citizens and married couples whose property exceeded 1.3 million euros on January 1. The tax ranged from 0.5% to 1.5% of the value of property exceeding 800,000 euros. In 2013 the solidarity tax was also introduced in the Czech Republic in response to economic recession and was cancelled in 2021. In this country it was 7% for all residents earning more than CZK 100,000 per month. Solidarity

2875-617: Is a human rights issue. Watson also asserts that the HeforShe campaign will strengthen the feminist cause by involving both women and men around the globe in advocating for gender equality. Solidarity Solidarity is also one of six principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and December 20 of each year is International Human Solidarity Day recognized as an international observance . Solidarity

3000-592: Is an element of Catholic social teaching . According to Pope Francis : No one can remain insensitive to the inequalities that persist in the world... the Brazilian people, particularly the humblest among you, can offer the world a valuable lesson in solidarity, a word that is too often forgotten or silenced because it is uncomfortable... I would like to make an appeal to those in possession of greater resources, to public authorities and to all people of good will who are working for social justice: never tire of working for

3125-399: Is an institution of collective solidarity'. In other words, a welfare state is a democratic and prosperous state that collectively shows solidarity by taking responsibility for the social security and equality of its citizens and for helping the disadvantaged. The welfare state can be said to be the "invisible hand of solidarity", in the same way that the " invisible hand of the market "

3250-449: Is at work in a free market economy . A solidarity tax is a fee imposed by the government of some countries to finance projects that serve, in theory, to unify or solidarize the country. It is usually imposed for a short period of time in addition on income tax of individuals , private entrepreneurs and legal entities . In Germany , the solidarity tax was first introduced after German reunification . The tax amounted to 7.5% of

3375-402: Is discussed in philosophy within its various sub-fields of law, ethics , and political philosophy . Ancient philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle discuss solidarity from within a virtue ethics framework, because in order to live a good life one must perform actions and behave in a way that is in solidarity with the community. An approach in bioethics is to identify solidarity as

3500-554: Is not mentioned in the European Convention on Human Rights nor in the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights and has hence lesser legal meaning when compared to basic rights. Concepts of solidarity are mentioned in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, but not defined clearly. As biotechnology and biomedical enhancement research and production increase, the need for

3625-451: Is still the core value underlying cooperatives today, alongside self-reliance, ownership , equality and justice . Cooperative members have a duty to emphasise the common interest and to ensure that all members are treated as fairly as possible. In addition to solidarity with its own members, the cooperative now also emphasises social responsibility beyond the cooperative itself. Anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921) connected

3750-475: Is usually based on kinship ties of familial networks. Organic solidarity comes from the interdependence that arises from specialization of work and the complementarities between people—a development which occurs in modern and industrial societies. Although individuals perform different tasks and often have different values and interests, the order and solidarity of society depends on their reliance on each other to perform their specified tasks. "Organic" refers to

3875-416: The 2006 federal election . In October 2006, Trudeau criticized Quebec nationalism by describing political nationalism generally as an "old idea from the 19th century", "based on a smallness of thought" and not relevant to modern Quebec. This comment was seen as a criticism of Michael Ignatieff , then a candidate in the 2006 Liberal Party leadership election , who was promoting recognition of Quebec as

HeForShe - Misplaced Pages Continue

4000-470: The 2010 Haiti earthquake , and sought more accessible immigration procedures for Haitians moving to Canada in the time of crisis. His own riding includes a significant Haitian community. Trudeau was re-elected in Papineau in the 2011 federal election , as the Liberal Party fell to third-party standing in the House of Commons with only thirty-four seats. Ignatieff resigned as party leader immediately after

4125-706: The Burj Khalifa in Dubai, and the CN Tower in Toronto, to turn off half their lights to demonstrate the power lost when women are underrepresented from society, economies and communities. As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic , as gender inequalities, particularly of women in the home, became increasingly apparent when it comes to housework, cleaning and caring for children, the sick or the elderly, HeForShe launched

4250-637: The Categorical Imperative . Pastor and philosopher Fritz Jahr's article "Bio-Ethics: A Review of the Ethical Relationships of Humans to Animals and Plants" refines Kant's original Categorical Imperative discourse by including the notion of the Bioethical Imperative . Biomedical technology has also further introduced solidarity as the pivotal concept in bioethics. Scholars, such as Ori Levi, bring attention to

4375-1014: The Danone Nations Cup and the BNP Paribas Tennis Open. On September 23, 2021, HeForShe announced the launch of the HeForShe Alliance, signifying a new era of commitment to action following the footsteps of the Generation Equality Forum. New members were: From business: Bruce Cleaver, CEO, De Beers Group; Yannick Bolloré, Chairman of Vivendi’s Supervisory Board and CEO and Chairman of Havas Group; John A. Zecca, Global Chief Legal & Regulatory Officer, Nasdaq; Bob Sternfels, Global Managing Partner, McKinsey & Company; Bob Moritz, Global Chairman, PwC International Limited; and Nick Read , CEO, Vodafone. From non-profit organizations: Robert Mardini, Director-General, International Committee of

4500-593: The Giller Prize for literature. In 2005, Trudeau fought against a proposed $ 100-million zinc mine that he argued would poison the Nahanni River , a United Nations World Heritage Site located in the Northwest Territories . He was quoted as saying, "The river is an absolutely magnificent, magical place. I'm not saying mining is wrong ... but that is not the place for it. It's just

4625-669: The New Democratic Party (NDP) in early 2022, which resulted in the Canadian Dental Care Plan for residents that meet a certain income threshold and a framework for national pharmacare ; in late 2024, the NDP opted to terminate the agreement. On June 23, 1971, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) announced that Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 's wife of four months, Margaret Trudeau (née Sinclair),

4750-460: The SNC-Lavalin affair . Trudeau's Liberal Party was reduced to a minority government in the 2019 federal election . His government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic , announced an "assault-style" weapons ban in response to the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks , and launched a national $ 10-a-day child care program. He was investigated for a third time by the ethics commissioner for his part in

4875-709: The WE Charity scandal , but was cleared of wrongdoing. In the 2021 federal election , he led the Liberals to another minority government. In 2022, he invoked the Emergencies Act in response to the Freedom Convoy protests and responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing military aid to Ukraine . His party signed a confidence and supply agreement with

5000-412: The common property created by free cooperative associations is their own and the added value created by their activities is returned in the form of profit sharing . Solidarism preserved the foundations of the free market economic system and also accepted differences in people's economic status. However, large income disparities were not in line with the idea of solidarity, as Gide considered them to break

5125-705: The federal carbon tax . In foreign policy, Trudeau's government negotiated trade deals such as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership , and signed the Paris Agreement on climate change. He was sanctioned by Canada's ethics commissioner for violating conflict of interest rules regarding the Aga Khan affair , and later again with

HeForShe - Misplaced Pages Continue

5250-461: The school bus albeit with a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) car following. This was followed by one year at the private Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa . After his father's retirement in June 1984, his mother remained at her New Edinburgh home while the rest of the family moved into his father's home at 1418 Pine Avenue, Montreal known as Cormier House ; the following autumn, he began attending

5375-404: The welfare state apply to all citizens. Solidarism means that the welfare state is not simply an instrument designed to guarantee social peace, but is based on solidarity, human dignity and equality. Pauli Forma, Associate Professor of Social Policy at the University of Turku , has summarised the central role of solidarity as the ethical basis of the welfare state in a nutshell: 'The welfare state

5500-517: The École Polytechnique de Montréal , affiliated with Université de Montréal , but did not graduate. He started a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill but withdrew from the program to seek public office. In August 2000, Trudeau attended the Kokanee Summit in Creston, British Columbia , to raise funds in honour of his brother Michel Trudeau and other avalanche victims. After

5625-746: The #HeForSheAtHome campaign to inspire men to help balance the burden in their households. In sharing the stories of positive male role models sharing the work at home from all over the world, #HeForSheAtHome seeks to inspire many more to do their fair share and to reduce women's mental load. HeForShe Taverns have been set up throughout South Africa to initiate conversations with men about engaging with women without being abusive in taverns, as they are mostly men-dominated. Further HeForShe Equality Stories include boys and men cycling through rural India to shift positively traditional gender norms, and boys and men redefining masculinity in Jordan. Students engage very much, as

5750-532: The Bernard family, kinsmen of the Earls of Bandon , Trudeau is the fifth great-grandson of Major-General William Farquhar , a leader in the founding of modern Singapore ; Trudeau also has remote ethnic Malaccan and Nias ancestry. Trudeau was baptized with his father's niece Anne Rouleau-Danis as godmother and his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Walker as godfather, at Ottawa's Notre Dame Basilica on

5875-570: The Cure, but was having difficulty finding a Conservative opponent until Conservative senator Patrick Brazeau agreed when asked on Trudeau's behalf by their mutual hairdresser Stefania Capovilla. The fight took place on March 31, 2012, at the Hampton Inn in Ottawa, and it was broadcast live on Sun News with commentary by Ezra Levant and Brian Lilley . Trudeau won in the third round; the result

6000-573: The HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 initiative to gain further momentum in advancing gender equality and women's empowerment at the 2015 World Economic Forum in Davos. Global leaders serving as the founding champions include former H.E. President Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone ; H.E. Prime Minister Stefan Löfvén of Sweden ; Paul Polman , former CEO of Unilever ; Rick Goings , former chairman and CEO of Tupperware Brands Corporation . In 2016,

6125-579: The HeForShe website, a geo-locating map records the global engagement of the movement through counting the number of men and women around the world who have taken a pledge for the HeForShe initiative, registering over 2.1 million online commitments worldwide. When launching the movement in September 2014, Global Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson delivered an address at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City, mainly focusing on

6250-577: The Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign for winter sports safety in 2000, two years after his brother Michel died in an avalanche during a ski trip. In 2002, Trudeau criticized the Government of British Columbia's decision to stop its funding for a public avalanche warning system. From 2002 to 2006, Trudeau chaired the Katimavik youth program, a project started by longtime family friend Jacques Hébert . In 2002–03, Trudeau

6375-718: The McGill Debating Union. They bonded while driving back to Montreal after a debate tournament at Princeton University . After graduation, Trudeau stayed in Vancouver where he became a substitute teacher at local schools such as Killarney Secondary and worked permanently as a French and math teacher at the private West Point Grey Academy . He became a roommate at the Douglas Lodge with fellow West Point Grey Academy faculty member and friend Christopher Ingvaldson. From 2002 to 2004, he studied engineering at

SECTION 50

#1732773244947

6500-500: The Red Cross ; David Miliband , CEO and President, International Rescue Committee ; David Haggerty, President, International Tennis Federation; Kate Robertson and David Jones, Founders, One Young World. From academia: Dr. Wayne A. I. Frederick, President, Howard University and Ilian Mihov, Dean, INSEAD. The rhetoric around violence and inequality against women, specifically in instances of assault, has many activists claiming that

6625-734: The Thematic Champions initiative was launched to engage further global leaders, who make gender equality an institutional priority by implementing one bold, game-changing commitments to advance and achieve gender equality. As of July 2020, the Thematic Champions included Justin Trudeau , PM from Canada ; Jean-Laurent Bonnafé , CEO of BNP Paribas ; Bruce Cleaver, CEO from De Beers Group . As part of these initiatives, HeForShe has been holding an annual summit since 2015, where global HeForShe Champions from both initiatives and other high-profile people present their gender equality solutions to

6750-614: The afternoon of January 16, 1972, which marked his first public appearance. and given the names "Justin Pierre James". On April 14, 1972, Trudeau's father and mother hosted a gala at the National Arts Centre , at which visiting U.S. president Richard Nixon said, "I'd like to toast the future prime minister of Canada , to Justin Pierre Trudeau" to which Pierre Trudeau responded that should his son ever assume

6875-564: The amount of income tax payable (for individuals) and income tax payable (for legal entities). It was later abolished and reintroduced from 1995 to December 31, 1997, after which it was reduced to 5.5% on January 1, 1998. The legality of the tax was repeatedly challenged, but it was recognized by the German Federal Financial Court as not contrary to the German Constitution . The long-term assessment of

7000-422: The biological and the social in his formulation of solidarity. In his most famous book, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (1902), written partly in response to Huxleyan Social Darwinism, Kropotkin studied the use of cooperation as a survival mechanism in human societies at their various stages, as well as with animals. According to him, mutual aid , or cooperation, within a species has been an important factor in

7125-500: The comments were being brought up now because of the close race in Calgary Centre. The following day, Trudeau apologized, saying he was wrong to use "Alberta" as " shorthand " in referring to Stephen Harper's government. The Conservatives held onto Calgary Centre in the by-election by less than 1,200 votes. Liberal candidate Harvey Locke said he lost the by-election on his own and that comments made by Trudeau did not influence

7250-416: The concept of non-legal solidarity. Auguste Comte , the so-called founder of sociology , adopted the concept in the sense of social interdependence between people. Comte linked solidarity to the concept of altruism as the opposite of egoism . Instead of emphasising the individual , altruism emphasises common responsibility and solidarity. The interpretations of Pierre Leroux and Auguste Comte gave rise to

7375-410: The conversation, HeForShe holds on a regular basis campaigns on social media alongside the in-person global campaigns. These include What We Share Is More Powerful Than What Divides Us, #MorePowerfulTogether, #YearOfMaleAllyship and #HeForSheAtHome. Launched in September 2018, the #MorePowerfulTogether campaign invited landmarks around the world, most notably The Empire State Building in New York City,

7500-430: The costs are covered by tax revenues and statutory contributions. Solidarity, or solidarism, is widely seen as the central foundation of the welfare state . Among other things, the advent of statutory social insurance and social law in the 20th century changed social thinking and enabled the breakthrough of the solidarity paradigm. The emergence of solidarity in social law can be thought of as being based on

7625-480: The days following his victory in the leadership race, snapshot polls recorded a surge in support for the Liberal party. In 2013, Trudeau chose to give up his seat at the funeral of Nelson Mandela , in deference to Irwin Cotler as representative of the Liberal Party of Canada , because of Cotler's work for and with Nelson Mandela in fighting apartheid . During the leadership campaign, Trudeau pledged to park all his assets, exclusive of real estate holdings, into

SECTION 60

#1732773244947

7750-447: The dominance of the liberal school of economics in France. His thinking was influenced by both biology and sociology . He was particularly influenced by Charles Fourier , who had criticised the social ills created by free market competition . Solidarity became a fundamental concept in Gide's thinking. He found manifestations of solidarity in nature, in the economy and in the social interdependencies of society, but for him solidarity

7875-541: The earliest clan-period of mankind and still more during the next village-community period, and the immense influence which these early institutions have exercised upon the subsequent development of mankind, down to the present times, induced me to extend my researches to the later, historical periods as well; especially, to study that most interesting period—the free medieval city republics, whose universality and influence upon our modern civilization have not yet been duly appreciated. And finally, I have tried to indicate in brief

8000-401: The election, and rumours again circulated that Trudeau could run to become his successor. On this occasion, Trudeau said, "I don't feel I should be closing off any options ... because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that ... to be blunt, concerns me." Weeks after the election, Toronto MP Bob Rae was selected as the interim leader until

8125-447: The emergence of this new rationality was made possible by the concept of social risk and the idea and technology of insurance developed to manage it. Social risk is defined as the risk to a group of people, statistically speaking, which is caused in one way or another by their living together and which can be mitigated by a technique of joint and several liability such as insurance . It has been said that insurance can be seen as one of

8250-463: The event have been described as hypocritical, while responses to the story have been described as a witch hunt or non-story. In October 2000, Trudeau, then 28, emerged as a prominent figure after delivering a eulogy at his father's state funeral . The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) received numerous calls to rebroadcast the speech after its initial transmission, and leading Quebec politician Claude Ryan described it as "perhaps ...

8375-518: The event, an unsigned editorial in the Creston Valley Advance (a local newspaper) accused Trudeau of having groped an unnamed female reporter while at the music festival. The editorial stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward". In 2018, Trudeau was questioned about the groping incident but said he did not remember any negative incidents from that time. His apology and later statement about

8500-414: The evolution of social institutions. Solidarity is essential for mutual aid; supportive activity towards other people does not result from the expectation of reward, but rather from instinctive feelings of solidarity. In his introduction to the book, Kropotkin wrote: The number and importance of mutual-aid institutions which were developed by the creative genius of the savage and half-savage masses, during

8625-408: The first manifestation of a dynasty". A book issued by the CBC in 2003 included the speech in its list of significant Canadian events from the past fifty years. In 2007, Trudeau starred in the two-part CBC Television miniseries The Great War , which gave an account of Canada's participation in the First World War. He portrayed his fifth cousin, twice removed, Major Talbot Mercer Papineau , who

8750-404: The following year, he became critic for citizenship and immigration. In 2011, he was appointed as a critic for secondary education and sport. In 2013, Trudeau was elected as leader of the Liberal Party, and led the party to a majority government in the 2015 federal election . Trudeau was the second-youngest prime minister in Canadian history when he took office and the first to be the child of

8875-530: The high-profile males featured on the site. As of July 2020, over 220 000 people have committed online in India, 200 000 in Rwanda, 170 000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 150 000 in the US and 130 000 in Mexico. HeForShe was launched by UN Women's Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka and led by her former Senior Advisor Elizabeth Nyamayaro until 2019. Since then, HeForShe has been led by Edward Wageni, former director of Save The Children International Kenya. On 23 January 2015, UN Women launched

9000-467: The idea of a specific social solidarity as the basis of the social order . After the French Revolution , new scientific and ideological interpretations of solidarity emerged in France in the second half of the 19th century. The concept took on sociological ( Émile Durkheim ), economic ( Charles Gide ), legal ( Léon Duguit ) and political ( Léon Bourgeois ) variants. Thinkers with different emphases shaped

9125-428: The idea of social debt. According to Bourgeois, man owes society the technical and intellectual capital that social development has produced for him. Bourgeois also introduced the term solidarism to describe a political ideology based on solidarity. Solidarism was a precise and clear structure of ideas which radicalism was also able to assimilate, and it came to regard it as its own ideological expression. After

9250-462: The immense importance which the mutual-support instincts, inherited by mankind from its extremely long evolution, play even now in our modern society, which is supposed to rest upon the principle "every one for himself, and the State for all," but which it never has succeeded, nor will succeed in realizing". Kropotkin advocated an alternative economic and social system, which would be coordinated through

9375-476: The institutions of the social contract . The way insurance works requires individuals to take a collective responsibility or the events they feel the need to prepare for. Society can be said to have become 'modern' when insurance becomes social insurance and when, thanks to the techniques and institutions of insurance, the insurance model becomes both a symbolic and a functional basis for the social contract. Solidarity and justice are key principles underpinning

9500-417: The insurance system, according to Risto Pelkonen and Timo Somer. In the context of voluntary personal insurance, solidarity means that the insured share the benefits and costs between themselves, while justice means that each insured contributes to the costs according to the actuarial probability. Social insurance, on the other hand, is available to all citizens, regardless of their choice and health status, as

9625-401: The interdependence of the component parts, and thus social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts (e.g., farmers produce the food to feed the factory workers who produce the tractors that allow the farmer to produce the food). Although the concept of solidarity had already been used in the labor movement in the mid-19th century, it

9750-450: The last challenger, receiving significant press time, more Liberal politicians and public figures declared themselves for Trudeau. Trudeau was declared the winner of the leadership election on April 14, 2013, garnering 80.1% of 30,800 votes. Joyce Murray finished in second place with 10.2%, ahead of Martha Hall Findlay's 5.7%. Trudeau had lost only five ridings, all to Murray and all in BC. In

9875-576: The leader of the Liberal Party since 2013. Trudeau was born in Ottawa , Ontario , and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf . He graduated from McGill University in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature, then in 1998 acquired a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia . After graduating, he taught at the secondary school level in Vancouver , before relocating back to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He

10000-435: The leadership and would announce his final decision at the end of the summer. On September 26, 2012, multiple media outlets started reporting that Trudeau would launch his leadership bid the following week. While Trudeau was seen as a frontrunner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, he was criticized for his perceived lack of substance. During his time as a member of Parliament, he spoke little on policy matters and it

10125-503: The leadership of the Liberal Party. The core people on his campaign team were considered longtime friends, and all in their 30s and 40s. His senior advisor was Gerald Butts, the former president of WWF-Canada who had previously been principal secretary to former Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty . Other senior aides included campaign manager Katie Telford , and policy advisors Mike McNeir and Robert Asselin , who had all worked for recent Liberal Party leaders. His brother Alexandre also took

10250-724: The leading role in the campaign, reinforcing and perpetuating gender inequality. Although HeForShe has actively represented LGBTQ+ issues alongside sister campaign United Nations Free & Equal , some have expressed concerns that the name of the movement leaves behind non-binary , transgender , and genderqueer individuals, and reinforcement of the gender binary . Watson was also criticized by other feminists for being privileged, wealthy, and white, yet speaking on behalf of women who do not fit into that category. More criticism by feminists followed after Watson delivered her speech. One criticism, published in The New York Times ,

10375-447: The meaning of the concept of solidarity to suit their own purposes. The Paris Communards , for example, exchanged the revolutionary slogan of " fraternity " for "solidarity". Some French liberal economists also began to use the term "solidarity", but they changed its meaning in an individualistic direction. Liberalists argued that interdependence between people meant that people also had to take responsibility for their actions without

10500-567: The nearby riding of Papineau for the next general election. The riding, which had been held for 26 years by André Ouellet , a senior minister under his father, had been in Liberal hands for 53 years before falling to the Bloc Québécois in 2006. On April 29, 2007, Trudeau won the Liberal party's nomination, picking up 690 votes to 350 for Deros and 220 for Giordano against Mary Deros , a Montreal city councillor and Basilio Giordano ,

10625-417: The negative implications of biomedical enhancements. Another scholar, Meulen ter Ruud, discusses the application of solidarity within healthcare systems. Fritz Jahr describes bioethics as ultimately made up of "academic discipline, principle, and virtue". This echoes back to the influence Socrates has on the norms of bioethics and its practices. Jahr utilizes Kant's Categorical Imperative to demonstrate

10750-485: The norm of collective provisioning as the foundation of social justice . On the other hand, it can be argued that the justification for social regulation and solidarity is not necessarily a positive normative logic , but rather general civil rights . Human rights are intended to apply equally to all people and are more akin to a legal 'law' than to a normative logic. The formation of welfare policy can therefore be thought of as being based on human and civil rights with

10875-716: The obligatory, yet innately human practice of the Bioethical Imperative: [T]he guiding principle for our actions is the Bioethical Imperative : Respect every living being in general as an end in itself, and treat it if possible, as such as it arises in the relationships not only between people, but also with plants and other animal species. Jahr believes that in order to practice bioethics, one must be in solidarity with all forms of life. If one only decides to be in solidarity in humans, then one should not behave virtuously in any manner. Solidarity

11000-540: The outcome. Fellow leadership candidate Marc Garneau , seen as Trudeau's main challenger in the race, criticized Trudeau for not releasing enough substantial policy positions. Garneau called on him to release more detailed policies before members and supporters begin to vote. Garneau later challenged Trudeau to a one-on-one debate, and said that if Trudeau could not defend his ideas in a debate against him, he wouldn't be able to do so against Prime Minister Harper. Trudeau clashed in debates with challenger Joyce Murray , who

11125-462: The party's leadership convention, which was later decided to be held in April 2013. Rae appointed Trudeau as the party's critic for post-secondary education, youth and amateur sport. After his re-election, he travelled the country hosting fundraisers for charities and the Liberal Party. Trudeau wanted to take part in a charity boxing match on behalf of the cancer research fundraising event Fight for

11250-405: The personal and professional motivation for establishing HeForShe. The speech went viral and currently has 3.8 million views on YouTube. HeForShe illustrates the need for male allyship by pointing to studies that show 257 more years will be necessary to close the gender gap, and that 95% of the world's CEOs and heads of states are men. They argue the commitment of men with power and privilege can be

11375-613: The private Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf , his father's alma mater. The school had begun as a Jesuit school but was non-denominational by the time Justin matriculated. In 2008, Trudeau said that of all his early family outings he enjoyed camping with his father the most, because "that was where our father got to be just our father – a dad in the woods". During the summers his father would send him and his brothers to Camp Ahmek, on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park , where he would later work in his first paid job as

11500-441: The publisher of a local Italian-language newspaper. Prime Minister Stephen Harper called an election for October 14, 2008 , by which time Trudeau had been campaigning for a year in Papineau. On election day, Trudeau narrowly defeated Bloc Québécois incumbent Vivian Barbot . Following his election win, Edward Greenspon , editor-in-chief of The Globe and Mail , noted that Trudeau would "be viewed as few other rookie MPs are—as

11625-553: The repairs were not complete, so Pierre Trudeau took a prolonged vacation with his sons to the Nova Scotia summer home of his friend, Member of Parliament Don Johnston , and later sent his sons to stay with their maternal grandparents in North Vancouver for the rest of the summer while he slept at his friend's Ottawa apartment. Trudeau and his brothers returned to Ottawa for the start of the school year but lived only on

11750-449: The responsibility is shifted from perpetrator to victim. Watson's speech focuses on the way men can play an active role in advancing political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. Watson's speech was criticized for focusing only on women and ignoring sexist biases against men and reinforce the very inequality it is trying to erase. Watson's heavy emphasis on women's dependence on men's support lead to criticisms that HeForShe grants men

11875-427: The role, he hoped he would have "the grace and skill of the president". Earlier that day, first lady Pat Nixon had visited him in his nursery and gifted him a stuffed toy Snoopy . Trudeau's parents announced their separation in 1977, when he was five years old; his father was given primary custody. There were repeated rumours of a reconciliation for many years afterwards. However his mother eventually filed for

12000-593: The same year he was appointed as the party's critic for multiculturalism and youth. In September 2010, he was reassigned as critic for youth, citizenship, and immigration. During that time, he criticized the government's legislation targeting human smuggling, which he argued would penalize the victims of smuggling. Trudeau sparked controversy when it was revealed that he earned $ 1.3 million in public speaking fees from charities and school boards across Canada, $ 277,000 of which Trudeau received after becoming an MP. He encouraged an increase of Canada's relief efforts after

12125-457: The saviors of women. In an interview with Elle , Watson responded to the criticisms of other feminists, stating that "It's difficult to hear criticism from people you consider your peers and who you believe are on the same side." She responded by saying that the term "feminism" has become more associated with "man-hating" than gender equality and further states that gender inequality affects both men and women due to gender stereotypes and that it

12250-470: The solidarity tax was considered unconstitutional in Germany. In Italy , the solidarity tax was first introduced in 2012. All individuals whose annual gross income exceeds €300,000 are required to pay a 3% tax on the amount exceeding this amount. In France , the solidarity tax on wealth was introduced in 1981; in September 2017, the French government abolished the solidarity tax and replaced it with

12375-411: The state intervening. Charles Gide, an economist who opposed liberalism, developed his own interpretation of the concept and even proposed solidarity as the name of a new school of economics. Through these stages, by the turn of the 20th century, solidarity had become a generic term that could be associated with almost everything that was considered good and progressive . The Paris World Fair in 1900

12500-591: The terms mechanical and organic solidarity as part of his theory of the development of societies in The Division of Labour in Society (1893). In a society exhibiting mechanical solidarity, its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work, educational and religious training, and lifestyle. Mechanical solidarity normally operates in traditional small-scale societies. In tribal society, solidarity

12625-514: The third and fourth. Trudeau is predominantly of Scottish and French Canadian descent. His grandfathers were businessman Charles-Émile Trudeau and Scottish-born James Sinclair , who was minister of fisheries in the cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent . Trudeau's maternal great-grandfather Thomas Bernard was born in Makassar , Indonesia and immigrated to Penticton, British Columbia , in 1906 at age 15 with his family. Through

12750-422: The ties that bind the individual to society . Gide is considered a major representative of the French historical school , and his ideas were quite different from the mainstream liberal economics of the time. Gide's social philosophy was close to that of Léon Walras , the developer of neoclassical general equilibrium theory , and he was one of the few supporters of Walras during his lifetime. Solidarity

12875-564: The top floor of Stornoway while repairs continued on the bottom floor. His mother purchased and moved into a new home nearby at 95 Victoria Street in Ottawa's New Edinburgh neighbourhood in September 1979. Pierre Trudeau and his sons returned to the prime minister's official residence after the February 1980 election that returned him to the Prime Minister's Office. His father had intended Trudeau to begin his formal education at

13000-505: The turn of the century, Bourgeois solidarism came to be regarded almost as an official idea of the Third Republic . His solidarism combined elements of Durkheim 's theory of solidarity with the theories of Louis Pasteur and Charles Darwin , and constituted an alternative to the confrontation between classical liberalism and workers collectivism . Bourgeois emphasised the solidarity generated by interdependence between people as

13125-420: The ultimate winner, Stéphane Dion . Rumours circulated in early 2007 that Trudeau would run in an upcoming by-election in the Montreal riding of Outremont . The Montreal newspaper La Presse reported despite Trudeau's keenness, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion wanted Outremont for a star candidate who could help rebuild the Liberal Party. Instead, Trudeau announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in

13250-425: The union of women and men working together to achieve gender equality, by joining together aspects of both the female and male symbols. Since its launch at the United Nations on 20 September 2014 by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and UN Women Global Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson , millions of men from around the world, including Heads of State, CEOs, and global luminaries, have committed to gender equality. On

13375-426: The week before the 2014 Liberal party convention titled "An economy that benefits us all" in which he narrates his economic platform. He said that Canada's debt to GDP ratios have come down in recent years and now it's time for Ottawa to "step up". On October 19, 2015, after the longest official campaign in over a century, Trudeau led the Liberals to a decisive victory in the federal election . The Liberals won 184 of

13500-671: The world. While the HeForShe 2019 Impact Report found that there is still a wage gap between men and women, business, universities, and other entities that participate in the initiative have contributed to a dynamic shift in gender parity in terms of representation in senior leadership positions. The HeForShe Proven Solution on How to Achieve Parity in Global Leadership was produced as several HeForShe Champions' organisations including Price Waterhouse Coopers , World Bank , McKinsey & Company whom all have increased female representation in their global leadership team, setting out

13625-464: The wrong thing to be doing." On September 17, 2006, Trudeau was the master of ceremonies at a Toronto rally organized by Roméo Dallaire that called for Canadian participation in resolving the Darfur crisis . Trudeau supported the Liberal Party from a young age, offering his support to party leader John Turner in the 1988 federal election . Two years later, he defended Canadian federalism at

13750-433: Was 30 years between them, and my mom never was an equal partner in what encompassed my father's life, his duty, his country." Trudeau has three half-siblings, Kyle and Alicia, from his mother's remarriage to Fried Kemper, and Sarah, from his father's relationship with Deborah Coyne . Trudeau lived at 24 Sussex Drive , Ottawa , the official residence of Canada's prime minister, from his birth until his father's government

13875-522: Was a panelist on CBC Radio 's Canada Reads series, where he championed The Colony of Unrequited Dreams by Wayne Johnston . Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto in April 2004; the centre later became a part of the Munk School of Global Affairs . In 2006, he hosted the presentation ceremony for

14000-524: Was accompanied by a congress on "social education and the new solidarity". The Catholic Church also began to use the popular concept of solidarity. According to sociologist Steven Lukes , solidarity played a role in France at the time that was almost as strong and influential as individualism did in the United States at the same time. According to Émile Durkheim , the types of social solidarity correlate with types of society . Durkheim introduced

14125-411: Was again seen as a potential candidate to lead the party. Following the election, Trudeau said he was undecided about seeking the leadership; months later on October 12 at Wilfrid Laurier University , he announced he would not seek the post because he had a young family. When interim leader Bob Rae , who was also seen as a frontrunner, announced he would not be entering the race in June 2012, Trudeau

14250-458: Was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association . In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the 2008 federal election , he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in the House of Commons . He was the Liberal Party's Official Opposition critic for youth and multiculturalism in 2009;

14375-470: Was considered an upset. After Dion's resignation as Liberal leader in 2008, Trudeau's name was mentioned as a potential candidate with polls showing him as a favourite among Canadians for the position. However, Trudeau did not enter the race and Michael Ignatieff was named leader in December 2008. After the party's poor showing in the 2011 election, Ignatieff resigned from the leadership and Trudeau

14500-538: Was defeated in the 1979 federal election . The Trudeaus were expected to move into Stornoway , the residence of the leader of the Official Opposition , but because of flooding in the basement, Prime Minister Joe Clark offered them Harrington Lake , the prime minister's official country retreat in Gatineau Park , with the expectation they would move into Stornoway at the start of July. However,

14625-501: Was due to the name of the campaign, HeForShe, and Watson asking men to pledge to take action against all forms of violence and discrimination faced by women and girls, yet without elaborating on the problems affecting men and boys. The name of the campaign was also criticized due to the implication that men should not care about feminism because it may improve things for them, but rather, they should care about feminism because it will improve things for women, and that men were being painted as

14750-506: Was hit with a "tsunami" of calls from supporters to reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership. Opinion polling conducted by several pollsters showed that if Trudeau were to become leader the Liberal Party would surge in support, from a distant third place to either being competitive with the Conservative Party or leading them. In July 2012, Trudeau stated that he would reconsider his earlier decision to not seek

14875-453: Was killed on October 30, 1917, during the Battle of Passchendaele . Trudeau is one of several children of former prime ministers who have become Canadian media personalities. The others are Ben Mulroney (son of Brian Mulroney ), Catherine Clark (daughter of Joe Clark), and Trudeau's younger brother, Alexandre. Ben Mulroney was a guest at Trudeau's wedding. Trudeau and his family started

15000-437: Was not known where he stood on many issues such as the economy and foreign affairs. Some strategists and pundits believed the leadership would be the time for Trudeau to be tested on these issues; however, there was also fear within the party that his celebrity status and large lead might deter other strong candidates from entering the leadership race. On October 2, 2012, Trudeau held a rally in Montreal to launch his bid for

15125-457: Was only ethically valuable when it was consciously voluntary. He created his own national economic doctrine, called Solidarism, according to which society could gradually move towards a cooperative economy in which workers themselves controlled the means of production . In Gide's thinking, the values and goals of solidarity could be pursued through cooperative associations, 'the voluntary association of well-meaning people'. In Gide's solidarity,

15250-414: Was only the liberal republicans who brought solidarity into the mainstream of French political debate. In 1896, Léon Bourgeois published his book Solidarité , which introduced the concept of solidarity into political language. Bourgeois's solidarity was based primarily on the interdependence between people, a double-edged sword that produced both security and threats. On the other hand, it was also based on

15375-604: Was pregnant and due in December. Justin Trudeau was born on December 25, 1971, at 9:27 pm EST at the Ottawa Civic Hospital . He is the second child in Canadian history to be born to a prime minister in office; the first was John A. Macdonald 's daughter Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (February 8, 1869 – January 28, 1933). Trudeau's younger brothers Alexandre (Sacha) (born December 25, 1973) and Michel (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) were

15500-417: Was the only Liberal leadership candidate to speak out strongly in favour of electing the House of Commons with a system of proportional representation . She challenged Trudeau over his support for a preferential ballot voting system. On March 13, 2013, Garneau dropped out of the leadership race, saying that polling conducted by his campaign showed he would be unable to defeat Trudeau. With Joyce Murray,

15625-593: Was widely circulated via social media. The video of the launch has over 11 million online views and there were 1.1 million #HeForShe tweets by more than 750,000 different users within two weeks. The launch was named by Twitter as a catalytic moment of 2014 and painted the hashtag on its wall in its HQ. At that event, UN Women made a call to mobilize the first 100,000 men in the movement, a goal successfully reached in just three days. Former United States President Barack Obama , actor Matt Damon , singer Harry Styles , and UN Secretary-General António Guterres are among some of

#946053