94-474: Henderson Valley is a locality in West Auckland , New Zealand . The major road in the locality is Henderson Valley Road, and Scenic Drive is on the western boundary. The Henderson Valley is in the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki , and was traditionally known as Ōpanuku. Ōpanuku refers to one of the oldest Te Kawerau ā Maki ancestors, Panuku, the wife of Parekura who died after being kidnapped by
188-567: A tuku (strategic gift) of land on the Waitematā Harbour to William Hobson , the first Governor of New Zealand, as a location for the capital of the colony of New Zealand. This location became the modern city of Auckland . Many further tuku and land purchases were made; the earliest in West Auckland were organised by Ngāti Whātua, without the knowledge or consent of the senior rangatira of Te Kawerau ā Maki, however some purchases in
282-475: A defensive pā at Te Henga / Bethells Beach . Henderson is named after early colonial settler Thomas Henderson , a Scottish immigrant who purchased land from Ngati Whatua in 1844 and established a timber mill on the banks of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek ca. 1847 to process the logs of kauri trees which were cut from the Henderson Valley and further upstream, from the eastern flanks of
376-481: A famed Tainui warrior from Kawhia. Kāwharu's repeated attacks of the Waitākere Ranges settlements became known as Te Raupatu Tīhore, or the stripping conquest. Lasting peace between Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua was forged by Maki's grandson Te Au o Te Whenua, who fixed the rohe (border) between Muriwai Beach and Rangitōpuni ( Riverhead ). In the 1740s, war broke out between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua ,
470-516: A name given by Rakatāura , the tohunga of the Tainui migratory canoe to a location south of Piha . Hikurangi is a common placename across Polynesia , and likely marked the point on the coast where the last light of the day reached. The name Wai-tākere ("cascading water") originated as a name for a rock at Te Henga / Bethells Beach found at the former mouth of the Waitākere River, which
564-522: A nature reserve. The Auckland Centennial Memorial Park, which opened in 1940, was formed from various pockets of land that had been reserved by the Auckland City Council starting in 1895. Titirangi resident Arthur Mead, the principal engineer who created the Waitākere Ranges dams, lobbied the city council and negotiated with landowners to expand the park. Owing to the efforts of Mead, the park had tripled in size by 1964, when it became
658-704: A number of association football teams, including Bay Olympic who as of 2022 play in the Northern League . The Trusts Arena , a multi-purpose stadium in Henderson, regularly hosts large-scale sporting events and concerts. The Avondale Racecourse is both a venue for Thoroughbred racing , and the home of the Avondale Sunday Markets, one of the largest regular markets in New Zealand. Other large amenities in West Auckland include
752-564: A number of co-educational secondary schools , including Avondale College , one of the largest high schools in New Zealand with a roll of 2834 students. Other state co-educational schools include Massey High School (1839 students), Henderson High School (1056 students), Waitakere College (1828 students), Rutherford College (1432 students), Hobsonville Point Secondary School (854 students) and Green Bay High School (1761 students). The first private secondary school in West Auckland, ACG Sunderland School and College , opened in 2007 at
846-452: A popular waterway for leisure and a site for pleasure boating. The first modern brick block of shops were built in the area in 1932. In the early 1930s, a kauri gum refinery was constructed on Station Road, however this closed down in 1936 after a market slump. Henderson features a large shopping centre, WestCity Waitakere , with numerous other shops and large stores also located in the area. The West Wave Pool and Leisure Centre, owned by
940-766: A population density of 96 people per km. Henderson Valley had a population of 1,440 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 87 people (6.4%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 99 people (7.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 486 households, comprising 729 males and 711 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 40.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 279 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 267 (18.5%) aged 15 to 29, 723 (50.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 165 (11.5%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 89.0% European/ Pākehā , 13.3% Māori , 5.0% Pacific peoples , 6.0% Asian , and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1034-674: A population of 282,129 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 29,562 people (11.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 45,675 people (19.3%) since the 2006 census . There were 87,870 households, comprising 140,004 males and 142,122 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female, with 59,559 people (21.1%) aged under 15 years, 60,672 (21.5%) aged 15 to 29, 130,470 (46.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 31,434 (11.1%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 54.5% European/ Pākehā , 13.4% Māori , 16.6% Pacific peoples , 27.4% Asian , and 3.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
SECTION 10
#17327973306121128-715: A population of 3,771 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 369 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 711 people (23.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 1,173 households, comprising 1,833 males and 1,941 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female. The median age was 34.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 732 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 834 (22.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,758 (46.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 447 (11.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 43.2% European/ Pākehā , 14.1% Māori , 19.4% Pacific peoples , 34.6% Asian , and 4.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1222-653: A population of 8,706 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 777 people (9.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 1,677 people (23.9%) since the 2006 census . There were 2,892 households, comprising 4,179 males and 4,533 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 1,704 people (19.6%) aged under 15 years, 1,830 (21.0%) aged 15 to 29, 3,636 (41.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,542 (17.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 48.2% European/ Pākehā , 15.3% Māori , 22.2% Pacific peoples , 26.8% Asian , and 3.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1316-496: A roll of 1828 students. It opened in 1975. Liston College and St Dominic's College are secondary (years 7–13) Catholic schools for boys and girls, respectively. They have rolls of 841 and 805 students. Henderson Intermediate is a coeducational intermediate (years 7–8) school with a roll of 746 students. It opened in 1964. Henderson School and Henderson South School are contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of 225 and 281 students, respectively. Henderson School
1410-533: A stricter definition of West Auckland is used in reports and scientific literature, which includes just the Henderson-Massey , Waitākere Ranges and Whau local board areas. The traditional Tāmaki Māori names for the area include Hikurangi, Waitākere, Whakatū and Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa. Hikurangi referred to the central and western Waitākere Ranges south of the Waitākere River , and was originally
1504-462: A warrior named Nihotupu. Te Kawerau ā Maki had a settlement along the Opanuku Stream known as Ōpareira. The name refers to Pareira, the niece of early ancestor and voyager Toi-te-huatahi . Pareira lived at Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and would seasonally inhabit the Henderson Valley, harvesting the resources of the forest. The Opanuku Stream which flows down the valley was one of
1598-477: A water turbine, manufacturing iron heel and toe plates for boots. In the following year, a hotel was opened on the town's main street. The mill closed in the latter 1860s, and in 1875 the area was hit by a major flood, damaging crops and bridges near the settlement. The area became more prosperous in the 1880s, after the North Auckland Railway opened between Auckland and Helensville . When
1692-485: A year, hosting a range of events, including concerts, sporting events and community gatherings. The Trusts Stadium was completed in August 2004 and was opened by then Prime Minister Helen Clark the following month. It cost $ 28 million to complete but opened debt-free, with The Trusts providing $ 5 million, Waitakere City Council contributing $ 12.5 million and ASB Charitable Trusts providing $ 4.5 million. Falls Hotel
1786-478: Is a historic hotel located in Falls Park along Alderman Drive. It currently hosts a café and restaurant. Henderson covers 4.97 km (1.92 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 13,000 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,616 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the suburb had a smaller boundary, covering 4.36 km (1.68 sq mi). Using that boundary, Henderson had
1880-470: Is a shortening of the name Nga Tai Whakatū a Kupe ("The Upraised Seas of Kupe"), referring to Kupe 's visit to the west coast and his attempts to evade people pursuing him, by chanting a karakia to make the west coast seas rough. Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa, the Great Forest of Tiriwa, references the name of Tiriwa, a chief of the supernatural Tūrehu people. The name refers to all of the forested areas of
1974-571: Is one of the major geographical areas of Auckland , the largest city in New Zealand . Much of the area is dominated by the Waitākere Ranges , the eastern slopes of the Miocene era Waitākere volcano which was upraised from the ocean floor, and now one of the largest regional parks in New Zealand. The metropolitan area of West Auckland developed between the Waitākere Ranges to the west and
SECTION 20
#17327973306122068-709: The Auckland Council , was built to host the Aquatics at the 1990 Commonwealth Games . The Corban's Wine Estate and Corban Estate Arts Centre are both located in Henderson. The annual InterACT Disability Arts Festival is held at the gallery. At the northern end of Henderson, near the Lincoln Road motorway interchange, the Toroa , a historic ferry under restoration, is a well-known local landmark. The Trusts Stadium attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors
2162-515: The Henderson railway station was opened, the name was displayed as Henderson Mill, with the possessive dropped. Overtime, goods to the area sent by rail began adopting this name, and eventually the settlement was referred to as Henderson. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Henderson was the location of a number of brick and pottery yards adjacent to Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek. The major brick industries in West Auckland were located to
2256-561: The Manukau and inner Waitematā harbours. The Waitākere Ranges are the remnants of the eastern slopes of the Waitākere volcano, while the lowlands of suburban West Auckland are formed of Waitemata Group sandstone from the ancient sedimentary basin. Many of the areas directly adjacent to the Waitematā Harbour, such as New Lynn, Te Atatū and Hobsonville, are formed from rhyolitic clays and peat , formed from eroding soil and interactions with
2350-650: The Manukau Harbour in the south. Defensive pā and kāinga (villages) were found close to the portages and the major walking tracks across the area, including at the Opanuku Stream and the Huruhuru Creek. A number of settlements also existed on the Te Atatū Peninsula , including Ōrukuwai and Ōrangihina. In the early 1600s, members of Ngāti Awa from the Kawhia Harbour , most notably
2444-688: The Musket Wars of the 1820s. After a period of exile from the region, Te Kawerau ā Maki returned to their lands, primarily settling at a musket pā at Te Henga / Bethells Beach. The earliest permanent European settlement in the Auckland Region was the Cornwallis , which was settled in 1835 by Australian timber merchant Thomas Mitchell. Helped by William White of the English Wesleyan Mission , Mitchell negotiated with
2538-477: The New Zealand long-tailed bat and Hochstetter's frog , which have been impacted by introduced predatory species including rodents , stoats , weasels , possums and cats. In 2002, Ark in the Park was established as an open sanctuary to reintroduce native species to the Waitākere Ranges. Whiteheads ( pōpokatea ), North Island robin ( toutouwai ) and kokako have all been successfully re-established in
2632-691: The New Zealand longfin eel , banded kōkopu , common galaxias ( īnanga ) and the freshwater crab Amarinus lacustris . The area was settled early in Māori history , by people arriving on Māori migration canoes such as the Moekākara and Tainui . Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began at least 800 years ago, in the 13th century or earlier. Some of the first tribal identities that developed for Tāmaki Māori who settled in West Auckland include Tini o Maruiwi, Ngā Oho and Ngā Iwi. One of
2726-664: The Paradice Ice Skating rink in Avondale, West Wave Pool and Leisure Centre in Henderson, and the Titirangi Golf Club. In the 1980s, Te Atatū Peninsula was the site of Footrot Flats Fun Park , a large-scale amusement park that closed in 1989. Henderson, New Zealand Henderson ( Māori : Ōpanuku ) is a suburb of Auckland , New Zealand . It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Auckland city centre, and two kilometres (1.2 mi) west of
2820-647: The Taupō Volcano and other central North Island volcanoes which travelled down the Waikato River as sediment. While much of West Auckland, especially the Waitākere Ranges, was historically dominated by kauri , northern rātā , rimu most of the kauri trees were felled as a part of the kauri logging industry. One plant species is native to West Auckland, Veronica bishopiana , the Waitākere rock koromiko. A number of other plant species are primarily found in coastal West Auckland, including Sophora fulvida ,
2914-412: The Waitākere Ranges and central Auckland, while subsiding the Manukau and inner Waitematā harbours. The land at Henderson is formed from Waitemata Group sandstone, which was previously found at the bottom of a deep sedimentary basin. Land close to Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and the Waitematā Harbour are formed from rhyolitic clays and peat , formed from eroding soil and interactions with
Henderson Valley - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-477: The Waitākere Ranges . The community which developed around the mill was known as Henderson's Mill, and later the Henderson's Mill Settlement. The first European settlers in the community were mill workers, who were joined gum diggers, farm workers and brick makers. In 1855, George Pirrit and his son William Pirrit bought land at Henderson adjacent to the Oratia Stream, which they dammed in order to operate
3102-573: The Waitākere Ranges Regional Park . By the early 1950s, four major centres had developed to the west of Auckland: New Lynn, Henderson, Helensville and Glen Eden. These areas had large enough populations to become boroughs with their own local government, splitting from the rural Waitemata County. Over the next 20 years, the area saw an explosion in population, driven by the construction of the Northwestern Motorway and
3196-518: The Whau River and Hobsonville , an area which includes major suburbs such as Henderson , Te Atatū , Glen Eden , Titirangi and New Lynn . West Auckland typically also includes Avondale , and Blockhouse Bay . The Whau River and Te Tōanga Waka (the Whau portage ) marked the border between the former Waitakere and Auckland cities, a border which was first established between Eden County on
3290-459: The Whau River , a southwestern arm of the Waitematā Harbour . Henderson initially developed around the mill of Thomas Henderson and was known as Henderson's Mill . As it expanded it became known as just Henderson and later it became an independent borough . As part of the 1989 local government reforms it became the centre of Waitakere City until Waitakere City was amalgamated to form
3384-412: The 1850s involved the iwi. In 1844, 18,000 acres (7,300 ha) of land at Te Atatū and Henderson were sold to Thomas Henderson and John Macfarlane, who established a kauri logging sawmill on Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek. Communities developed around the kauri logging business at Riverhead and Helensville, which were later important trade centres for the kauri gum industry that developed in
3478-479: The 1910s and 1950s, most members of Te Kawerau ā Maki moved away from their traditional rohe, in search of employment or community with other Māori. After the construction of the dams, the Nihotupu and Huia areas reforested in native bush. The native forest left a strong impression on residents who lived in these communities, and was one of the major factors that sparked the campaign for the Waitākere Ranges to become
3572-563: The Auckland Council. The Local Member of Parliament for Henderson is Phil Twyford , the MP for Te Atatū , who keeps an office in the suburb. The first school in Henderson began operating in 1873, held in the library of Henderson's Mill. Henderson High School is a secondary (years 9-13) school with a roll of 1056 students. The high school was founded in 1953. Waitākere College is a coeducational secondary (years 9–13) school with
3666-699: The Auckland city centre. West Auckland is home to a number of large urban parks, including Parrs Park , Moire Park, Henderson Park, Tui Glen Reserve and Olympic Park. Many professional and amateur sports teams are based in West Auckland, including: the Waitakere Cricket Club ; rugby league teams Glenora Bears , the Waitemata Seagulls and Te Atatu Roosters ; an ice hockey team, the West Auckland Admirals ; and
3760-608: The Auckland isthmus and Waitemata County in 1876. This border originally existed much earlier than, as the rohe marker between Te Kawerau ā Maki and Tāmaki isthmus iwi. Avondale and Blockhouse Bay are east of the Whau River on the Auckland isthmus , but are included in the definition due to their strong historical ties. Towns in southwestern Rodney , such as Helensville , Riverhead , Waimauku , Kumeū and Huapai are also often described as West Auckland. Occasionally
3854-531: The Lincoln Road, Swanson Road and Sturges Road areas had developed into orchards run primarily by Dalmatian families, and in the 1940s these families began establishing vineyards at Kumeū and Huapai . In the 1920s and 1930s, flat land throughout Hobsonville and Whenuapai was the site of an airfield development for the New Zealand Air Force . Whenuapai became the main airport for civilian aviation between 1945 and 1965. The Northwestern Motorway
Henderson Valley - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-552: The Manukau Harbour river mouths, such as Huia , Big Muddy Creek and Little Muddy Creek . Sand dunes formed along the estuaries of the west coast, creating beaches such as Piha and Te Henga / Bethells Beach . The black ironsand of these beaches is volcanic material from Mount Taranaki (including the Pouakai Range and Sugar Loaf Islands volcanoes) which has drifted northwards, and potentially material from
4042-752: The Northwestern Motorway when the Waterview Connection opened to traffic in July 2017. The first stages of the Northwestern Busway , a project that was first envisioned as a light rail line adjacent to the Northwestern Motorway, are currently under construction. In addition to the motorways, major roads in West Auckland include Great North Road , Don Buck Road, Lincoln Road, West Coast Road, Swanson Road, Scenic Drive and Portage Road. Two ferry terminals in West Auckland, at West Harbour and Hobsonville, operate commuter ferry services to
4136-467: The Waitematā Harbour, such as Henderson, Te Atatū Peninsula and Whenuapai , were formerly covered in broadleaf forest, predominantly kahikatea , pukatea trees, and a thick growth of nīkau palms . As the soils around Titirangi and Laingholm are more sedimentary than the Waitākere Ranges volcanic soil, tōtara was widespread, alongside kohekohe , pūriri , karaka and nīkau palm trees. The Waitākere Ranges are home to many native species of bird,
4230-520: The Waitākere Ranges foothills. Between 1840 and 1940, 23 timber mills worked the Waitākere Ranges, felling about 120,000 trees. By the 1920s there was little kauri forest left in the Waitākeres, and the area continued to be used to search for kauri gum until the early 20th century. The first brick kiln in West Auckland was built by Daniel Pollen in 1852, on the Rosebank Peninsula along
4324-467: The Waitākere Ranges south from Muriwai and the Kaipara Harbour portage to the Manukau Harbour . The modern use of West Auckland to refer to areas such as New Lynn and Henderson was popularised in the 1960s and 1970s. Prior to this, West Auckland or Western Auckland mostly referred to the western portions of the old Auckland City , such as Ponsonby and Kingsland . The name Auckland
4418-759: The area split from the county, forming the Henderson Borough Council. In 1989, the borough was merged into the Waitakere City . Waitakere City Council was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. Within the Auckland Council, Henderson is a part of the Henderson-Massey local government area governed by the Henderson-Massey Local Board . It is a part of the Waitākere ward , which elects two councillors to
4512-499: The area, and between 2014 and 2016 brown teals ( pāteke ) were reintroduced to the nearby Matuku Reserve. The west coast beaches are nesting locations for many seabird species, including the banded dotterel and the grey-faced petrel , and the korowai gecko is endemic to the west coast near Muriwai . The catchments of the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and the Whau River are home to marine species including
4606-472: The area. Cornwallis was advertised as idyllic and fertile to Scottish settlers, and after 88 plots of land had been sold, the settler ship Brilliant left Glasgow in 1840. The settlement had collapsed by 1843, due to its remoteness, land rights issues and the death of Symonds, with many residents moving to Onehunga . In 1840 after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi , paramount chief Āpihai Te Kawau made
4700-480: The central Waitākere Ranges or in the modern urban centres of West Auckland. Some notable exceptions were near the portages where waka could be hauled between the three harbours of West Auckland: Te Tōangaroa , the portage linking the Kaipara Harbour in the north to the Waitematā Harbour via the Kaipara River and Kumeū River ; and Te Tōanga Waka , the Whau River portage linking the Waitematā Harbour to
4794-529: The chief Āpihai Te Kawau of Ngāti Whātua for the purchase of 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) of land in West Auckland on the shores of the Manukau Harbour . After establishing a timber mill in 1836, Mitchell drowned only months later, and the land was sold to Captain William Cornwallis Symonds . Symonds formed a company to create a large-scale settlement at Cornwallis focused on logging, trading and shipping, subdividing 220 plots of land in
SECTION 50
#17327973306124888-601: The clay brickworks of the estuaries of the Waitematā Harbour, most notably at New Lynn on the Whau River. Originally isolated from the developing city of Auckland on the Auckland isthmus , West Auckland began to expand after being connected to the North Auckland railway line in 1880 and the Northwestern Motorway in the 1950s. West Auckland is not a strictly defined area. It includes the former Waitakere City , which existed between 1989 and 2010 between
4982-551: The cliffs of the island to commemorate his visit. The Tainui tohunga Rakataura (also known as Hape) was known to have visited the region after arriving in New Zealand, naming many locations along the west coast. He is the namesake of the Karangahape Peninsula at Cornwallis , as well as the ancient walking track linking the peninsula to the central Tāmaki isthmus (part of which became Karangahape Road ). Most Māori settlements in West Auckland centred around
5076-712: The confederation of Tāmaki Māori tribes centred to the east, on the Tāmaki isthmus . While Te Kawerau ā Maki remained neutral, the battle of Te-Rangi-hinganga-tahi, in which the Waiohua paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki was killed, was held at Paruroa ( Big Muddy Creek ) on Te Kawerau ā Maki lands. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Te Kawerau ā Maki were only rarely directly contacted by Europeans, instead primarily receiving European products such as potatoes and pigs through neighbouring Tāmaki Māori tribes. Significant numbers of Te Kawerau ā Maki lost their lives due to influenza and
5170-498: The development of low-cost housing at Te Atatū, Rānui and Massey . By this time, the area was no longer seen as scattered rural communities, and had developed into satellite suburbs of Auckland. The post-war years saw widespread migration of Māori from rural areas to West Auckland. This happened a second time in the 1970s, as urban Māori communities moved away from the inner suburbs of Auckland to areas such as Te Atatū. In 1980, Hoani Waititi Marae opened in West Auckland, to serve
5264-436: The diversity of birds, eels, crayfish and berries found in the ranges. Archaeological investigations of middens show evidence of regional trade between different early Māori peoples, including pipi , cockles and mud-snail shells not native to the area. Unlike most defensive pā found on the Auckland isthmus, not many Waitākere pā used defensive ditchwork, instead preferring natural barriers. Few settlements were found in
5358-451: The earliest individuals associated with the area is Tiriwa, a chief of the supernatural Tūrehu people, who is involved with the traditional story of the creation of Rangitoto Island , by uplifting it from Karekare on the west coast. The early Polynesian navigator Kupe visited the west coast. The Tasman Sea alongside the coast was named after Kupe, and traditional stories tell of his visit to Paratutae Island , leaving paddle marks in
5452-660: The earliest waterways to be dammed for kauri logging in West Auckland, in the 1850s. The valley was settled by pākehā by the 1880s, with Henderson Valley Road providing access. In the 1920s, the Henderson Valley Scenic Reserve/Carey Park was a popular picnic and swimming area known as Ferndale, where the Brown Owl Tea Rooms was located. Henderson Valley statistical area covers 15.04 km (5.81 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,440 as of June 2024, with
5546-457: The formation of the Waitākere volcano , a partially submerged volcano located to the west of the modern Auckland Region. The volcano is the largest stratovolcano in the geologic history of New Zealand, over 50 kilometres (31 mi) in diameter and reaching an estimated height of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above the sea floor. Between 3 and 5 million years ago, tectonic forces uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and central Auckland, while subsiding
5640-519: The former site of the Waitakere City Council buildings, and has a roll of 828 students. West Auckland is also home to four single-sex secondary schools: Kelston Boys' High School (745 students) and Kelston Girls' College (503 students), and the state-integrated Catholic schools Liston College and St Dominic's College , which have rolls of 841 and 805 students, respectively. West Auckland has been served by railway since
5734-622: The harbour. The modern topography of West Auckland began to form approximately 8,000 years ago when the sea level rose at the end of the Last Glacial maximum . Prior to this, the Manukau and Waitematā harbours were forested river valleys, and the Tasman Sea shoreline was over 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of its current location. The mouths of the rivers of West Auckland flooded, forming into large estuaries. Tidal mudflats formed at
SECTION 60
#17327973306125828-494: The harbour. Prior to human contact, the Henderson area was home to broadleaf forests, dominated by pūriri , karaka , kohekohe and māhoe trees. The alluvial creek/harbour zone was favoured by kahikatea , pukatea and rātā , with tī kōuka (cabbage trees) flourishing in wetter sites. Henderson is in the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki , and the name Ōpanuku refers to the Opanuku Stream , traditionally known as Te Wai-ō-Panuku ("The Stream of Panuku"), Panuku being
5922-552: The late 19th century. The North Auckland Line first opened in 1880, and was extended to Helensville by 1881. The train line is operated as the Western Line , which operates passenger services between Swanson and Britomart in the Auckland city centre . The Northwestern Motorway opened between central Auckland and Te Atatū in 1952, encouraging growth around the western Waitematā Harbour. The Southwestern Motorway , which borders West Auckland, became connected directly to
6016-481: The name Crown Lynn , the company developed into the largest pottery in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1963, LynnMall opened, becoming the first American-style shopping mall in New Zealand. It quickly became a major centre for retail in Auckland. The Henderson Borough Council wanted to replicate this success, and in 1968 opened Henderson Square, now known as WestCity Waitakere . In 1975, West Auckland
6110-606: The name Ngāti Manuhiri , and Ngāti Kahu for the people who settled on the North Shore . In the early 1700s, Ngāti Whātua migrated south into the Kaipara area (modern-day Helensville). Initially relations between the iwi were friendly, and many important marriages were made between the peoples (some of which formed the Ngāti Whātua hapū Ngāti Rongo). Hostilities broke out and Ngāti Whātua asked for assistance from Kāwharu ,
6204-590: The name of one of the earliest Te Kawerau ā Maki ancestors. The lower Opanuku Stream area was called Waitaro, referring to the taro cultivations grown there. The point where the Opanuku and Oratia Streams meet (the Tui Glen Reserve / Falls Park area) is the beginning of Te Wai-o-Pareira, also known as the Henderson Creek , and the point where the creek became navigable by waka . This point
6298-452: The new Auckland Council . Henderson is located between the Waitākere Ranges to the west, and the Te Atatū Peninsula in the east. The area is within the catchment of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek , an estuarial arm of the Waitematā Harbour . The Opanuku , Oratia , Swanson , Momutu and Paremuka streams meet at Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, to the north of Henderson. Between 3 and 5 million years ago, tectonic forces uplifted
6392-514: The prohibition area on the eastern side of the railway tracks, in order to sell his projects. By the 1920s, the Lincoln Road, Swanson Road and Sturgess Road areas had developed into orchards run primarily by Dalmatian families who immigrated to New Zealand, including the included Bilich (later White), Babich, Boric, Yelavich and Fredatovich families. During this time, the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek at Tui Glen Reserve had become
6486-499: The rangatira Maki and his brother Matāhu, migrated north to the Tāmaki Makaurau region, where they had ancestral ties. Maki conquered and united Tāmaki Māori people of the west coast and northern Auckland Region. Within a few generations, the name Te Kawerau ā Maki developed to refer to this collective. Those living on the west coast retained the name Te Kawerau ā Maki, while those living at Mahurangi (modern-day Warkworth ) adopted
6580-594: The shores of the Whau River. Brickworks and the pottery industry became a major industry in the area, with 39 brickworks active along the shores of the Waitematā Harbour, primarily on the shores of the Whau River. From 1853, rural West Auckland around Glen Eden and Oratia was developed into orchards. New Lynn developed as a trade centre after 1865 due to the port along the estuarial Whau River, which could only be used at high tide. The North Auckland Line began operating in March 1880, connecting central Auckland to stations at Avondale , New Lynn and Glen Eden . The line
6674-410: The south, along the Whau River . In 1896, a community hall was built at Henderson, hosting concerts for the West Auckland area. This was destroyed by fire in 1924, and rebuilt in brick. In 1907, Lebanese New Zealander Assid Abraham Corban developed a vineyard at Henderson. After the sale of alcohol was prohibited in Henderson during the temperance movement , Corban set up a depot at the border of
6768-564: The suburb, with Henderson Railway Station being adjacent to the town centre. Henderson Railway Station is adjacent to the main shopping centre and a bus interchange. The suburb is also served by the Sturges Road Railway Station . Motorway access is provided via the interchange at Lincoln Road, in the adjacent suburb of Lincoln . The main walkways and cycleways of the Project Twin Streams go through
6862-407: The upper reaches of the Waitematā Harbour to the east. It covers areas such as Glen Eden , Henderson , Massey and New Lynn . West Auckland is within the rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki , whose traditional names for the area were Hikurangi, Waitākere, and Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa, the latter of which refers to the forest of the greater Waitākere Ranges area. Most settlements and pā were centred around
6956-432: The urban Māori population of West Auckland. By the mid-2000s, West Auckland had the largest Ngāpuhi population in the country outside of Northland . Similarly, areas such as Rānui and Massey developed as centres for Pasifika New Zealander communities. The New Zealand Brick Tile and Pottery Company diversified and expanded into china production to supply local markets and American troops during World War II . Under
7050-445: The west coast kōwhai and Veronica obtusata , the coastal hebe. Sophora fulvida is a common sight in West Auckland; other species of kōwhai are not allowed to be planted west of Scenic Drive . The Waitākere Ranges are known for the wide variety of fern species (over 110), as well as native orchids, many of which self-established from seeds carried by winds from the east coast of Australia . The areas of West Auckland close to
7144-606: The west coast beaches and the Waitākere River valley. Two of the major waka portages are found in the area: the Te Tōanga Waka (the Whau River portage), and Te Tōangaroa (the Kumeū portage), connecting the Waitematā , Manukau and Kaipara harbours. European settlement of the region began in the 1840s, centred around the kauri logging trade. Later industries developed around kauri gum digging, orchards, vineyards and
7238-419: The west coast beaches and the Waitākere River valley, especially at Te Henga / Bethells Beach . Instead of living in permanent settlements, Te Kawerau ā Maki and other earlier Tāmaki Māori groups seasonally migrated across the region. The west coast was well known for its abundant seafood and productive soil, where crops such as kūmara , taro , hue (calabash/bottle gourd) and aruhe could be grown, and for
7332-489: Was $ 27,300, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 321 people (10.6%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,461 (48.1%) people were employed full-time, 381 (12.5%) were part-time, and 159 (5.2%) were unemployed. From 1876 until 1946, Henderson was administered by the Waitemata County , a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. In 1946,
7426-565: Was $ 41,900, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 306 people (26.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 669 (57.6%) people were employed full-time, 183 (15.8%) were part-time, and 33 (2.8%) were unemployed. Henderson Valley School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) school with a roll of 334 students as of August 2024. The school opened in 1915. West Auckland, New Zealand West Auckland ( Māori : Te Uru o Tāmaki Makaurau or Māori : Tāmaki ki te Hauauru )
7520-447: Was 23.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 62.7% had no religion, 26.7% were Christian , 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% were Hindu , 0.6% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 279 (24.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 129 (11.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
7614-572: Was 38.0, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.0% had no religion, 36.5% were Christian , 0.8% had Māori religious beliefs , 5.8% were Hindu , 3.1% were Muslim , 1.7% were Buddhist and 2.2% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 56,526 (25.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 33,417 (15.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 38,691 people (17.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
7708-564: Was 40.2, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 37.0% had no religion, 44.6% were Christian , 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 4.3% were Hindu , 3.1% were Muslim , 1.4% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 1,272 (18.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,422 (20.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 666 people (9.5%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
7802-467: Was 44.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 39.1% had no religion, 44.0% were Christian , 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs , 4.0% were Hindu , 2.1% were Muslim , 1.8% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 678 (22.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 525 (17.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
7896-810: Was completed in 1910. Further reservoirs were constructed along the different river catchments in the Waitākere Ranges: the Upper Nihotupu Reservoir in 1923; the Huia Reservoir in 1929; and the Lower Nihotupu Reservoir in 1948. The construction of the Waitākere Dam permanently reduced the flow of the Waitākere River, greatly impacting the Te Kawerau ā Maki community at Te Henga / Bethells Beach. Between
7990-658: Was connected to the North Shore when the Upper Harbour Bridge was constructed across the Upper Waitematā Harbour . In the late 1980s, the Crown Lynn factory closed due to competition from overseas imports. West Auckland covers 578.20 km (223.24 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 334,476 as of June 2024, with a population density of 578 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,500 inhabitants per square mile). West Auckland had
8084-542: Was depicted in the New Zealand television series Outrageous Fortune (2005–2010), with particular attention to the distinctive fashion, musical preferences and interest in cars typical of this social group. Twenty-two million years ago, due to subduction of the Pacific Plate , most of the Auckland Region was lowered 2,000–3,000 metres (6,600–9,800 ft) below sea level, forming a sedimentary basin. Approximately 20 million years ago, this subduction led to
8178-399: Was extended to Henderson by December, and to Helensville by July 1881. The railway encouraged growth along the corridor between Auckland and Henderson. The West Auckland orchards prospered in the early 1900s after immigrants from Dalmatia (modern-day Croatia ) settled in the area. In 1907, Lebanese New Zealander Assid Abraham Corban developed a vineyard at Henderson. By the 1920s,
8272-495: Was first developed as a way for passengers to more efficiently drive to the airport at Whenuapai, with the first section opening in 1952. By the late 19th century, Auckland City was plagued with seasonal droughts. A number of options were considered to counter this, including the construction of water reservoirs in the Waitākere Ranges. The first of these projects was the Waitākere Dam in the north-eastern Waitākere Ranges, which
8366-432: Was founded in 1873 and Henderson South School in 1967. Henderson North School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of 393 students. It celebrated its 50th jubilee in 2007. Holy Cross School, a Catholic primary school, is a full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 461 students. It celebrated its 75th jubilee in 2007. Rolls are as at August 2024. The Western Line runs through
8460-495: Was later applied to the river, Ranges , and West Auckland in general. The name refers to the action of the water striking the rock as the waves came into shore, and became popularised in the early 18th century during Te Raupatu Tihore ("The Stripping Conquest"), when a Te Kawerau ā Maki chief's body was laid on this rock. Whakatū is the traditional name for the Tasman Sea and the beaches south of Te Henga / Bethells Beach. It
8554-428: Was originally given to the township of Auckland (now Auckland city centre ) in 1840 by William Hobson , after patron George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland . Westie is a term used to describe a sub-culture from West Auckland, acting also as a societal identifier. Similar to the word bogan , the stereotype usually involves a macho, working class Pākehā with poor taste, and the mullet haircut. The Westie sub-culture
8648-481: Was strategically important to Te Kawerau ā Maki, and was the location of a small fortified pā known as Te Kōpua. Kōpūpāka was the name of a kāinga close to Te Kōpua, which was used as a temporary settlement by Ngāti Whātua during the Musket Wars in the 1820s, during a brief lull in conflict. After the Musket Wars, Te Kawerau ā Maki returned to the area in the 1830s, and most members chose to settle close to
8742-465: Was that 117,069 (52.6%) people were employed full-time, 29,490 (13.2%) were part-time, and 9,642 (4.3%) were unemployed. The first schools that began operating in West Auckland were Avondale School, which opened in 1860, a school held in the library of Henderson's Mill in 1873, and the New Lynn School, which opened on the modern site of Kelston Girls' College in 1888. West Auckland has
8836-443: Was that 3,234 (46.2%) people were employed full-time, 747 (10.7%) were part-time, and 333 (4.8%) were unemployed. Henderson North covers 1.68 km (0.65 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 3,250 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,935 people per km . Before the 2023 census, Henderson North had a smaller boundary, covering 1.39 km (0.54 sq mi). Using that boundary, Henderson North had
#611388