The National Defence University of Warsaw ( Polish : Akademia Obrony Narodowej – AON) was the civil-military highest defence academic institution in Poland, located in Warsaw – Rembertów . In 2016 it was succeeded by the War Studies University .
25-961: The National Defence University in Warsaw was established on 1 October 1990 after reform of the General Staff Academy (est. 1947) and continued traditions of the Szkoła Rycerska ("The School of Knights") founded on 15 March 1765 and other subsequent military schools . The National Defence University was subordinate directly to the Polish Ministry of National Education . AON was the alma mater of Polish commanding and staff officers and civilian experts in national and international security matters. It also conducted extensive scientific research on state defence issues, military doctrine , theory of warfare , military art , including military strategy , operational art and tactics , also in
50-528: A Szkoła Wojenna Sztabu Generalnego ( War School of the General Staff ) was formed in mid-1919. After the Polish–Bolshevik War , on August 16, 1922, the school was renamed to Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna ( WSW , Higher War School ). Until 1928, most professors were French, with Polish officers serving mostly as their assistants. Among them was Charles de Gaulle , the future president of France, who
75-424: A bachelor's degree) and second degree studies (leading to a master's degree) in the following areas: Postgraduate studies in the field of: 52°16′00″N 21°10′23″E / 52.26667°N 21.17306°E / 52.26667; 21.17306 Corps of Cadets (Warsaw) The Warsaw Corps of Cadets (English: School of Chivalry ; Polish : Szkoła Rycerska or Akademia Szlachecka Korpusu Kadetów )
100-541: Is continued by Fundacja Szkoła Rycerska . This Polish school-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . French Military Mission to Poland The French Military Mission to Poland was an effort by France to aid the nascent Second Polish Republic after it achieved its independence in November 1918, at the end of the First World War . The aim was to provide aid during
125-582: The Greater Poland Uprising and Silesian Uprisings . Because of their experience, the school became prestigious and attracted many students from abroad, most notably from France, Georgia , Estonia , Latvia and even Japan. Among them were also the officers of the former Ukrainian army of Semen Petlura and White Russian emigrees. During the 20 years of its existence, the Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna trained more than 1300 officers of
150-748: The Partitions of Poland , the school was closed. However, after 1815 the recreation of the Kingdom of Poland allowed for opening several military colleges in Poland. The most notable, Szkoła Aplikacyjna Artylerii i Inżynierii (Artillery and Engineers School), was located in Warsaw and trained cadres of the Polish Army that fought in the November 1830 Uprising against Russia. Only some 24 officers were admitted each year, making its graduates an elite of
175-827: The Polish Armed Forces in the West . The program and methods of education were similar to those from the period War College in Warsaw. School received establishment to the exercises, instructions and other normative documents from the British armed forces, allowing joint operations. School staff were officers of the Polish Commander of Staff. The activities of the War College in Exile was halted in July 1946. After
200-583: The Polish-Soviet War (1919–1921), and to create a strong Polish military to serve as a useful ally against Germany. It was an advisory body consisting of about 400 French officers attached to staffs of Polish units at various levels. Although the French mission was small numerically, its effect was substantial in improving the organisation and logistics of the Polish army . It worked in parallel with
225-611: The Allies on all fronts of World War II. The professors were recruited from among the active officers of the Polish HQ and the students included many of the notable generals of the Polish forces in Exile. In addition, the school was the alma mater of all highest-ranking Czechoslovak officers of the exiled army. It was closed in 1946, after the Allies withdrew their support for the Polish government . The outbreak of World War II interrupted
250-476: The British diplomat, Lord Edgar Vincent D'Abernon . The crucial Battle of Warsaw was won in the early days of August, before the mission could achieve anything of importance. The only tangible result was the installation of Weygand as an advisor to the Polish General Staff, where his role was negligible. Nevertheless, soon after the battle and for various political reasons, a myth arose that Weygand
275-586: The Corps of Cadets would be revived in Poland. Three state secondary schools of that name would be created: at Kraków (later at Lwów ), at Modlin (later at Chełmno ) and at Rawicz . After World War II , in the People's Republic of Poland , until 1956, there existed in Warsaw a Corps of Cadets of the Internal Security Corps ( Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego ). The original Corps' work
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#1732779888301300-627: The Polish Army. Most of them repaid the debt for Poland during the Polish Defensive War of 1939, while the majority of professors formed the staff of Poznań Army , the most successful of Polish Armies in the 1939 campaign. After Poland was overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union, the school was closed. However, on November 11, 1940, it was recreated in London. It trained the officers of the Polish Army in Exile, fighting alongside
325-575: The Polish armed forces. The instructor in French language was Mikołaj Chopin , father of renowned composer Fryderyk Chopin . After the November Uprising, the school was closed by Russian authorities. However, military training of Polish officers continued in foreign schools, most notably in France and Italy. Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna ( English : War College—literally, "Higher War School") was
350-544: The World War II, traditions of higher military education were continued in the Poland. In 1947 a General Staff Academy was created. Its graduates have included Zygmunt Zieliński , Bolesław Chocha , Antoni Jasiński and Wojciech Jaruzelski . Studies for officers: Second degree studies (leading to a master's degree) in the following areas: Postgraduate studies and advanced courses: Studies for civilians: Full-time and part-time first degree studies (leading to
375-615: The activities of War College only for several months. Order of the Supreme Commander of 11 November 1940, resumed its activities initially in London (United Kingdom) and later in Scotland . To the War College in Exile were appointed officers – in ranks of lieutenants and captains. Students were also the Czechoslovak army officers. The purpose of education was to prepare personnel to serve in the brigade and division staffs of
400-613: The armies of the partitioners (Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary ) as well as in France. However, the occupants of Poland rarely promoted the Poles to higher ranks and the reborn Polish Army was seriously lacking officers trained in general staff duties and in command of entire armies. To eliminate the problem, in cooperation with the French Military Mission to Poland and the Paris-based École supérieure de guerre ,
425-585: The field of national and international security . The National Defence University in Warsaw cooperated with the Polish Ministry of National Defence , General Staff , North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other Polish and foreign military, scientific and academic institutions. The school's master's program was a five-years study program, but also AON provided two-years under- and over graduate study programs and four-years PhD ( Doctor of Science ) programs and higher doctorate ( habilitation ) opportunity as well. The present National Defence University inherits
450-481: The height of the crisis before the Battle of Warsaw . The purpose of that mission was to send a number of high level personages from Britain and France to Poland in an attempt to influence Polish policy, possibly through effecting a change in government. They included French diplomat, Jean Jules Jusserand , Maxime Weygand , chief of staff to Marshal Ferdinand Foch (the Supreme Commander of the victorious Entente ), and
475-581: The most important Polish military academy in the period between the World Wars . Located at Warsaw , it was established to train high-ranking officers of the Polish Army and of the armed forces of several allied states. It was a predecessor of Poland's present National Defense Academy (Polish: Akademia Obrony Narodowej ). After the rebirth of Poland in 1918, there was already a well-trained and experienced cadre of Polish field officers trained in
500-557: The smaller British Military Mission to Poland . It existed from 1918 to 1939. Its first commander was French General Paul Prosper Henrys , previously the commander of French forces in the Balkans . The French mission, composed of 400 officer-instructors, met with much respect. The instructors, many of them centered on the Polish General Staff , were crucial in training the emerging Polish officer corps. The French effort
525-462: The suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising , which had been led by one of the Corps' first alumni, Tadeusz Kościuszko . In the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, several private corps of cadets were also established: by A. Tyzenhauz at Grodno , K. Radziwiłł at Nieśwież , W. Potocki at Niemirów , A. Sułkowski at Rydzyna . In the period between the two World Wars , the institution of
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#1732779888301550-461: The traditions of all previous Polish military academies. The first such school, the Szkoła Rycerska , was founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski . Its graduates included some of the most notable military men of the 18th and 19th centuries, including Tadeusz Kościuszko , Jakub Jasiński , Maurycy Hauke , Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , Karol Kniaziewicz , Józef Sowiński , Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha and Rajmund Rembieliński . In 1794, after
575-507: Was a professor of tactics. The training was not limited to military affairs and among the civilians working there were some of the most notable scientists of the era, including Tadeusz Kotarbiński , Edward Lipiński and Marian Kukiel . Apart from the theoreticians, the professors included a large number of officers who gained combat experience in World War I, Polish–Bolshevik War, Polish–Ukrainian War and Polish–Lithuanian War , as well as
600-613: Was the first state school in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The state Corps of Cadets was established in Warsaw on 15 March 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski . The Corps of Cadets was housed in the Kazimierz Palace ( Pałac Kazimierzowski , now the rectorate of Warsaw University ). The Corps' commandant was Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski . The Corps of Cadets was closed in 1795 following
625-505: Was vital in improving the organisation of the newly formed Polish army, which up till 1919 used various manuals, organisation structures and equipment, mostly from the former partitioners armies. Among the French officers was the future President of France, Charles de Gaulle . This mission should not be confused with the Interallied Mission to Poland , an improvised effort launched by David Lloyd George on 21 July 1920, at
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