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22-710: Hispanic Monarchy and Spanish Monarchy may refer to: the 1479-1716 period of the Spanish Empire ( Hispanic Monarchy (Political entity) ) that is divided in: Habsburg Spain Iberian Union the Monarchy of Spain Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hispanic Monarchy . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

44-896: A Franco-Scottish aristocracy, with ties to the French aristocracy as well as many to the Franco-English aristocracy. From the Wars of Scottish Independence , as common enemies of England and its ruling House of Plantagenet , Scotland and France started to enjoy a close diplomatic relationship, the Auld Alliance , from 1295 to 1560. From the Late Middle Ages and into the Early Modern Period Scotland and its burghs also benefited from close economic and trading links with France in addition to its links to

66-449: A regency led by her French mother, Mary of Guise , who succeeded in marrying her daughter to the future Francis II of France . The young couple were king and queen of France and Scotland from 1559 until Francis died in 1560. Mary returned to a Scotland heaving with political revolt and religious revolution, which made a continuation of the alliance impossible. Cordial economic and cultural relations did continue however, although throughout

88-861: The Catholic Monarchs . Since then, the Catholic Monarchy, as it was known after the papal bull of Alexander VI in 1494, began adding various "Kingdoms, States, and Lordships" in the Iberian Peninsula , the rest of Europe, and the Americas until it became, under the Habsburg kings, the most powerful monarchy of its time. In 1580, Philip II incorporated the Kingdom of Portugal into the Monarchy, thereby bringing all of Spain—one of

110-578: The Crown of Aragon . Marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 that laid the foundations for the kingdom of Spain. They did not ascend to their respective thrones until 1474 and 1479 respectively. Dynastic union between Spain (the union between the Crowns of Castile and Aragon) and Portugal (1580–1640), generally called the Iberian Union by modern historians, under

132-489: The Nueva Planta Decrees (1707-1716), which produced a break in the system by implementing greater homogeneity and political centralization , relegating the polysynodial system. The Monarchy of Spain was born in 1479 from the dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon through the marriage of their respective sovereigns, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , known as

154-697: The Philippine Dynasty . Marriage of Jogaila and Queen Jadwiga of Poland on 1385, generally called the Union of Krewo . That union laid the foundations for the eventual formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Following Salic law , Henry III, King of Navarre , a member of the House of Bourbon , succeeded to the French throne in 1589 upon the extinction of the male line of the House of Valois . Both houses were cadet branches of

176-871: The State of the Presidi —, Portugal and its overseas territories between 1580 and 1640, the territories of the Burgundian Circle except between 1598-1621 — Franche-Comté , the Netherlands , as well as Charolais —, the Duchy of Milan , the Marquisate of Finale , the Spanish East Indies , and Spanish Africa . The monarchy ended with the Treaties of Utrecht and Baden (1713-1714) and

198-455: The 17th century, the Scottish establishment became increasingly Presbyterian , often belligerent to Catholicism , a facet which was somewhat at odds with Louis XIV 's aggressively Catholic foreign and domestic policy. The relationship was further weakened by the Union of the Crowns in 1603, which meant from then on that although still independent, executive power in the Scottish government,

220-599: The Capetian dynasty, the ruling house of the kingdom of France since 987. Norman or French culture first gained a foothold in Scotland during the Davidian Revolution , when King David I introduced Continental-style reforms throughout all aspects of Scottish life: social, religious, economic and administrative. He also invited immigrant French and Anglo-French peoples to Scotland. This effectively created

242-524: The Crown, was shared with the Kingdom of England and Scottish foreign policy came into line more with that of England than with France. When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, the heir to the English throne was King James VI of Scotland. Generally called the Union of the Crowns , this dynastic union was in place from 1603 until 1653 (when the monarchy was officially abolished ) and again from 1659 until

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264-516: The Low Countries, Scandinavia and the Baltic. The prospect of dynastic union came in the 15th and 16th centuries, when Margaret , eldest daughter of James I of Scotland , married the future Louis XI of France . James V of Scotland married two French brides in succession. His infant daughter, Mary I , succeeded him on his death in 1542. For many years thereafter the country was ruled under

286-508: The corresponding title) according to the political constitution of each kingdom, state, or lordship , and thus, their formal power varied from one territory to another. However, they acted as a unified monarch over all the territories of the monarchy, almost like a Composite Monarchy . The Monarchy included the Crown of Castile — with Granada , Navarre and the kingdoms of the Indies — and Aragon — with Sicily , Naples , Sardinia , and

308-402: The king who holds them together were only king of each of them' [...] In all these territories, it was expected, and indeed it was imposed as an obligation, that the king maintain the distinctive status and identity of each one of them." The respect for territorial jurisdictions did not prevent a strengthening of the royal authority and power of the monarch in each kingdom in particular. Despite

330-600: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hispanic_Monarchy&oldid=1224823480 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hispanic Monarchy (Political entity) The Hispanic Monarchy ( Monarquía Hispánica in Spanish ), also known as Catholic Monarchy and historically referred to as Monarchy of Spain ,

352-589: The meanings the term acquired then, although it was also common, since the Catholic Monarchs, to identify Spain with the crowns of Aragon and Castile—under the sovereignty of a single monarch. As Francisco de Quevedo noted in España defendida , a work published in 1609, "properly, Spain is composed of three crowns: Castile, Aragon, and Portugal." Regarding its structure, the Hispanic Monarchy

374-439: The respect and jurisdictional autonomy, there existed a common policy or directive that had to be obeyed, embodied by diplomacy and defense, with the Crown of Castile occupying the central and preeminent position over the others. Since the time of the Catholic Monarchs, there was a renewed sentiment of restoring Roman or Visigothic Hispania , which the kings of León had evoked with the title Imperator totius Hispaniae , and

396-406: The same kings spread the notion of the recovery of ancient Hispania under the same monarch. Dynastic union A dynastic union is a type of union in which different states are governed beneath the same dynasty , with their boundaries, their laws, and their interests remaining distinct from each other. It is a form of association looser than a personal union , when several states share

418-488: The same monarch, and a real union , when they have common institutions in addition to the same monarch. With the assassination of Sancho IV , Navarre was invaded by his cousins Alfonso VI of Castile and Sancho V Ramirez of Aragon , and the latter was made king in 1076, which led to more than half a century (1076–1134) of Aragonese control. Marriage of Count of Barcelona Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and future Queen of Aragon Petronila of Aragon in 1137 that formed

440-518: The two nations were politically united in 1707 . The personal union between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Hanover , jointly ruled by the head of the House of Hanover since 1707, ended with the death of William IV in 1837, and was replaced with a dynastic union: due to the different laws of succession, he was succeeded by two members of the dynasty, in

462-415: Was a composite monarchy where the "Kingdoms, States, and Lordships" that comprised it were united according to the formula aeque principaliter (or 'differentiated union'), "under which the constituent kingdoms continued after their union being treated as distinct entities, so that they retained their own laws, charters, and privileges. 'The kingdoms are to be ruled and governed,' writes Solórzano, 'as if

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484-572: Was the political entity encompassing the territories and dependencies of the Spanish Empire between 1479 and 1716. These regions maintained distinct, individual public institutions , councils , and legal systems , but were united under the control of a superior entity (the King of Spain ) and common state institutional structures. This monarchy was administered under a polysynodial system of councils. The Spanish monarch acted as king (or with

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