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46-730: Huarmey is a coastal town in the Ancash Region , Peru . It is one of the five districts and also the capital of the Province of Huarmey . It is located crossing the Pan-American highway from south to north after leaving the department of Lima in Paramonga and at 82 km from the Fortaleza River . It was created by law 24034 on December 20, 1984. At certain times of the year, the settlers fish abundant shrimps in

92-537: A few tours in the Department of Ancash that will let us know the main touristic and historical places of the zone. Among the principal ones are: The historical village Pativilca ( Lima Region ), where Simón Bolívar planned his expedition for the liberation of Peru, lies 202 kilometres (126 mi) north of Lima on the Pan-American Highway. At this point begins the highway that leads to

138-506: Is Huaraz. The provinces and their capitals are: The economy of Ancash, the third largest in Peru, is largely made up of gold, copper and zinc mining. Its coast is rich in fishing resources and it is the most productive fishing region of Peru (Peru is the world's largest exporter of fish meal ). Crops cultivated in Ancash include potatoes, wheat and barley. According to the 2007 Peru Census ,

184-568: Is a department and region in western Peru . It is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is the city of Huaraz , and its largest city and port is Chimbote . The name of the region originates from the Quechua word anqash ('light, of little weight'), from anqas ('blue') or from anka ('eagle'). Ancash

230-478: Is a diversion dam that deflects measured amounts of the river's water into a man-made tunnel. From the diversion dam to the Huallanca powerplant the tunnel is about 11 km long. It descends in altitude from the diversion dam to a place about 103m directly above this hydroelectric facility. Diameter of the tunnel was established to accommodate small dump-trucks that removed rock and debris during construction. At

276-628: Is a land of contrasts: it features two great longitudinal valleys, which combine the mountain characteristics of the Callejón de Huaylas (Alley of Huaylas) with the sylvan ones of the Alto Marañón . Kilometres of sandy beaches and the blue waters of the Pacific. The territory of the coast, high plateaux and Andean punas of the department are flat, while the rest of the territory, in the Andes,

322-405: Is an area of intense interest to tourists. This is due to its large variety of natural attractions, its sport and recreational facilities, and the nearby archaeological remains of the ancient cultures that once flourished there. The Cordillera Blanca offers an interesting attraction for tourists visiting Peru. Visitors also come to see the natural beauty of the area's glaciers and valleys and to enjoy

368-517: Is composed by gigantic summits covered with snow, which are among the most beautiful of the world. The White mountain range is considered the highest tropical mountain range in the world. It borders the Callejón de Huaylas to the east. It has a length of 180 km (110 mi). It has 35 peaks that are higher than 6,000 m and many other smaller ones, a real symphony of summits with different grades of difficulty in climbing. This mountain range

414-615: Is not a very highly travelled road. The highway begins with a paved path that arrives up to Yaután . Then it quickly begins to ascend through an unpaved path by the sides of the Cordillera Negra, following the course of the Casma River. This route becomes more steep once it arrives to Pariacoto . Along the road, there are not important towns at all, except for Pira that offers some traveler's services. Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n del Pato Cañón del Pato ( Spanish : Duck Canyon)

460-525: Is on the Rio Santa (Santa River) at the north end of the Callejón de Huaylas (Corridor of Huaylas) in north-central Peru. The mostly rocky canyon walls are too steep and arid for cultivation, and in only a few places are the slopes of the imposingly rugged canyon suitable even for grazing domestic animals. The canyon was formed by the river where the north end of the Cordillera Negra range (to

506-601: Is very cold all year round, despite the high temperatures of the city. Huarmey is on the site of the Punta Lobos massacre , a 14th-century pre-Columbian Chimú human sacrifice and mass burial site. 10°04′7″S 78°9′37″W  /  10.06861°S 78.16028°W  / -10.06861; -78.16028 This Ancash Region geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ancash Region Ancash ( Quechua : Anqash ; Spanish : Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ] )

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552-511: Is very rough. In the west, there are slopes with strong declivity form narrow canyons with abrupt and deserted sides. The rough territory of the department is crossed by two mountain ranges: on the western side, the Cordillera Negra ( Spanish for "black mountain range"), which has peaks without glaciers , and on the eastern side, the Cordillera Blanca ("white mountain range"), which has many peaks covered with snow and ice, such as

598-606: Is very uneven. It has snowy summits, which altitudes vary between 5000 and 6768 MSL . It also has gullies , that are deeply encased because of the fluvioglacial erosion , and a great number of lagoons . Inside the borders of the park, there are 663 glaciers that are distributed throughout 180 km, from the Tuku in the south up to the Champara in the north. Regarding its climate, there are two very well defined seasons: The dry season from April to September becoming worse between

644-721: The Fortress of Paramonga , between wide fields of sugarcane , and across the Fortaleza River , 206 kilometres (128 mi) from Lima. Along the coast of Ancash, from the Fortaleza River to the Santa River, the Pacific exerts great influence. The Peruvian current and the El Niño current exert considerable and sometimes tragic effect on local lives and regional economies. Normally, the Peruvian current, also known as

690-573: The Huarmey River . This river fertilizes the valley and flows from south to north. The port of Huarmey is located at 5 km to the south, through a detour that begins in the Pan-American highway . Huarmey is 83 km from the next major city, Casma . This city is largely undeveloped, though is one of the main cities of the Ancash Region . Huarmey has its own beaches and it has facilities for camping and surf . The water

736-688: The Huascarán and the Alpamayo . Between these two mountain ranges, the Santa River flows through the so-called Callejón de Huaylas . This valley narrows to form the Cañón del Pato ("duck canyon"). Also along the Pacific slopes, the Santa River has shaped a wide valley in the punas which narrows into the Cordillera Negra, where the Cañón del Pato canyon was formed. The snow-covered peak of Huascarán,

782-496: The Humboldt Current , brings cold water and large numbers of fish. With the development of the shoals of anchoveta , the Ancash ports and creeks became commercial fishing centers. During the 1950s, the bay of Chimbote was the top fishing port of the world. However, when warmer waters from the north, such as the current of El Niño, bring catastrophic rains to the coast and sea, the shoals of anchoveta disappear, leaving

828-446: The Callejón de Huaylas. This road is completely paved, although it often had to be repaired because of the extreme damage caused by the huaycos (flash floods) and the rains. The same problem affects most Peruvian roads, especially the ones in the mountains ( Quechua natural region and rainforest Rupa-Rupa natural region ). This highway is 287 kilometres (178 mi) long, with an extremely comfortable course, especially in

874-404: The Cañón itself and eventually its water powers the turbines of the hydro electricity plant at Huallanca. At approximately the same latitude as that of highway tunnel 18 the nearby (eastward) river's natural banks are as close as 6m apart; the crests of the two cordilleras loom above, at places as high as 6000m above sea level. A short distance north (downstream) of this constriction in the Cañón

920-478: The Cordillera Blanca is largely determined by the Cordillera Negra because this mountain range softens the winds that come from the Pacific Ocean. The Cordillera Negra, acting as a shield, avoids the thaw of the big glaciers from the Cordillera Blanca. The Cordillera Negra has rocky peaks with very little winter snowfall, reaching a maximum height of 5500 m. Its name comes from the comparison with

966-402: The Pacific Ocean port city of Chimbote and northward to the city of Trujillo , providing motor vehicle access to the Pacific coast from the Callejón. A typical highway journey from Caraz to the Cañón is about 4hrs round trip. The highway from Caraz to Trujillo covers a distance of 184 km. From Caraz the highway is in the Callejón valley until it crosses a concrete bridge to the west side of

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1012-720: The Quechua word Chawpin , which translates as center or headquarters . Tello believed that people came from the Amazonas , scaled the Andes, and developed the Chavín culture. During the Inca age, the population of the Santa valley was assimilated into the Inca empire by Pachacuti . The first Spaniards came to Huaylas attracted by the fame of the silver veins of the department. In time,

1058-556: The Regulations to Law 29735, published in the state-owned newspaper El Peruano on 22 July 2016, adequate spellings of the toponyms in the normalised alphabets of the indigenous languages must progressively be proposed with the aim of standardizing the namings used by the National Geographic Institute (Instituto Geográfico Nacional, IGN) . The National Geographic Institute realizes the necessary changes in

1104-623: The Spanish destroyed the Inca cities. It was during this time that Jerónimo de Alvarado founded the city of Huaraz. Though in the Colonial Age this city held little importance and its artistic and cultural life did not have much relevance, it became the headquarters for Simón Bolívar during his campaign to liberate Peru. The department of Ancash was created following the defeat of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation by

1150-460: The combined forces of the Peruvian restoration army and the Chilean army at the battle of Yungay in 1839. The 1970 Ancash earthquake devastated the department, killing more than 50,000 people and damaging 186,000 houses in one of the deadliest natural disasters in Peru. Today, most of the Ancash population is concentrated in the Callejón de Huaylas . Beginning in 2011, the department has been

1196-467: The crests of the two ridges) in width but in places as much as 25 km in width. The main south–north highway through the Callejón de Huaylas existed as a narrow dirt track prior to construction of the highway through the Cañón. Construction of the highway's northward extension began in 1952 at the town of Caraz , about 30 km south of the Cañón. The highway penetrates and traverses the Cordillera Negra. Eventually it descends westward and continues to

1242-468: The first Peruvian civilization, known as Chavín , originated and flourished in this zone. The importance of this culture lies not only in its antiquity but in the history and culture it shares with other cultures along the Andean and Amazonian territories. As archaeologist Julio C. Tello put it, " Chavín was the mother of all the cultures that later bloomed in the old Peru. " The name Chavín comes from

1288-698: The fishing fleets plants paralysed, and flooding rivers cause serious damage to the lands and cities. The cycles of these two sea currents that affect Peru are hard to predict. Further north along the Pan-American highway, numerous islands and islets dot the sea near the coast. Most are home only to guano seabirds . From south to north, the most important islands include Tortuga Island (Turtle Island), La Viuda Island (The Widow Island), Isla Blanca (White Island) and Santa Island (Holy Island). The coastal region of Peru includes many peninsulas , creeks , warm bays and sand beaches, full of colour. Because of

1334-552: The highest peak of Peru and second of the Americas, reaches a height of 6,768 m (22,205 ft; 4.205 mi) and contrasts with the 6,263 m (20,548 ft) deep trough of Chimbote found in the ocean west of Ancash. Remnants of glaciers created many lakes such as Llanganuco Lakes and Lake Parón . Following the Pan-American Highway north from Lima , the territory of the department begins just beyond

1380-497: The highway passes between wide fields planted with sugarcane in extensive fields, parallel to the Fortaleza River bed . At the town Huaricanga the road enters the department of Ancash. At this point, the highway begins a slow ascent of the first spurs of the Cordillera Negra. This stretch continues for about 50 kilometres (31 mi). The climb gets suddenly steeper beyond the towns Chasquitambo and Chaucayán , with many bends and serpentines . This mountain range

1426-471: The lack of roads and difficult terrain, many of these are inaccessible by land. The most important beaches include Grande Beach , La Gramita Beach and Las Salinas Beach . Much of this coast is a monotonous stretch of huge sand deserts, a common denominator in all Peruvian coastal regions because of the influence of the Humboldt Current . Along the rivers, there are green valleys, cultivated mainly with sugarcane , rice and cotton . From south to north,

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1472-403: The language learnt first by most of the residents was Spanish (68.34%) followed by Quechua (31.36%). The Quechua variety spoken in Ancash is Ancash Quechua . The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Department of Ancash by province: Ethnicity in Ancash (2017) Most of the population identifies Mestizo or Quechua . As of 2017, 85.3% (923,542) of

1518-438: The main rivers of the Ancash coast are the following: Huarmey , Culebras , Casma , Sechín , Nepeña , Lacramarca and Santa. Of these rivers, the only one with water year-round is the Santa River. Its sources are the glaciers and lakes of the Cordillera Blanca. The other rivers, as with most rivers of the Peruvian coast, are intermittent, depending on the highland rains or the advance of El Niño. Between 400 and 600 BC,

1564-723: The many lakes and thermal fountains. Ancash is sometimes referred to as the "Switzerland of Peru". There is the four mile high Huascarán, home to the Huascarán National Park . There is also the Alpamayo peak, considered one of the most beautiful in the world. Among archaeological sites of interest, Ancash has many vestiges of old cultures, including the Guitarrero Cave (10,000 BC), the pre-Columbian ruins of Chavín de Huantar , Hunsakay, Willkawayin, Sechín, and Pañamarka are also well-known. There are

1610-508: The months of June and August and the wet season from October to May whose highest rainfall is between January and March. Its flora is countless and beautiful, including important groups of Puya Raimondi . In its fauna, there are tarucas , spectacled bears , vicuñas , pumas , foxes , vizcachas , weasels , Andean mountain cats , opossums , hog-nosed skunks , etc. There is also a great number of birds, predominantly ducks , American coots and hummingbirds . The route Casma-Huaraz

1656-474: The official maps of Peru. Contrarily to intentions to replace indigenous toponyms by other names like Santa Cruz or Contrahierbas , the Ministry of Culture proposes to the municipalities of the provinces to recover ancient indigenous toponyms and that these names should be spread by the local and communal authorities on posters and other signage. The geographical centre of Ancash, the Callejón de Huaylas,

1702-479: The population is literate and 14.7% (158,839) of the population is illiterate. Many of the toponyms of the Department of Ancash originate from Quechua . In and around the Cordillera Blanca , in provinces like Huaylas and Yungay , these names are overwhelmingly predominant. Their Spanish-based orthography, however, is in conflict with the normalized alphabet of the language. According to Article 20 of Decreto Supremo No 004-2016-MC (Supreme Decree) which approves

1748-423: The river. Here the highway leaves the valley floor, veers northwest onto the eastern face of the Cordillera Negra, and eventually pierces through to the western face of the mountain. The highway along this entire route is unpaved and has 35 one-lane tunnels before it emerges onto the western face of the Cordillera Negra high above the town of Huallanca . The river from this same bridge goes generally northward through

1794-439: The site of an ongoing anti-mining protest over allegations of water contamination and public versus private rights to the natural resources of the zone. Clashes between protesters, mining company security, and the federal police have resulted in numerous deaths and injuries. The department is divided into 20 provinces ( provincias , singular: provincia ), which comprise 166 districts ( distritos , singular: distrito ). Its capital

1840-442: The steep climbing stretches through the Cordillera Negra (Black Range) up to the summit of Conococha , 4,100 metres (13,451 ft) above sea level. From there, the road descends toward the Callejón de Huaylas. The trip Lima-Huaraz-Caraz of 468 kilometres (254 mi) takes seven hours by car. Modern buses spend eight hours over the same stretch. East of Pativilca, for about 20 kilometres (12 mi)

1886-409: The tunnel's north end the water plunges down into one or both turbines a hundred meters below. The powerplant is entirely within a huge manmade cavity a hundred meters inside the rock of the mountain on the east edge of Huallanca . From Huallanca the river flows westward and furnishes water for irrigation of large banana plantations in the arid coastal plain; just north of Chimbote the river empties into

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1932-408: The west) converges with the Cordillera Blanca mountain range (to the east). These two Andean ridges run generally parallel for nearly 140 km from south of the city of Huaraz northward to the Cañón; the Cordillera Blanca continues northward for another hundred kilometers or more. The Callejón de Huaylas is the valley between the two cordilleras averaging about 16 km (measured on a map from

1978-433: The white snowy peaks of the Cordillera Blanca. The Huascarán National Park is one of the most outstanding conservation parks in Peru, due to its landscapes that are full of peaks, lakes, canyons , torrents and waterfalls. Inside its borders, it can be observed the whole Cordillera Blanca and seven peaks of more than 6000 m height. They constitute one of the main international focuses for climbers and mountaineers. It

2024-513: The world". This statement was achieved by the distinguished Peruvian mountaineer César Morales Arnao who sent the photo of Alpamayo to the world contest of scenic beauty made in 1966 in Munich , Germany. Huandoy N reaches 6,395 m, Huantsán reaches 6410 m, Chopicalqui reaches 6354 m, Copa N reaches 6173 m, Artesonraju reaches 6025 m, Santa Cruz S reaches 6,259 m and Hualcán reaches 6,126 m. The beauty of

2070-520: Was called White, not only for its eternal snow but also for the chemical constitution of its quartz and feldspar rocks. It has the highest summit in Peru and the fifth one in America after Aconcagua , Ojos del Salado , Bonete and Mercedario : Huascarán, whose south peak reaches 6768 msnm. Huascarán's north peak reaches 6655 m. Alpamayo whose height has been estimated in 5,947 m, has been considered as "the most beautiful snow mountain of

2116-422: Was stated as a National Park on July 1, 1975, with a surface of 340,000 ha and a length of 158 km (98 mi). This National Park includes parts of the following provinces: Recuay, Huaraz, Carhuaz, Yungay, Huaylas, Pomabamba, Mariscal Luzuriaga, Huari, Corongo, Sihuas and Bolognesi. This park has also been listed as a biosphere reservation and as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . The park territory

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