Misplaced Pages

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75-556: The Hughes H-4 Hercules (commonly known as the Spruce Goose ; registration NX37602) is a prototype strategic airlift flying boat designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft Company . Intended as a transatlantic flight transport for use during World War II , it was not completed in time to be used in the war. The aircraft made only one brief flight, on November 2, 1947, and the project never advanced beyond

150-423: A " Yankee " migrant of English descent from Massachusetts and later governor of Wisconsin, built a sawmill near the railway, with a millpond . By 1885 he had added a general store , a planing mill , a furniture factory and a flour and feed mill. Other businesses started, too: an alcohol factory, hotels, saloons, stores, newspapers, blacksmith , and a milliner . There were also churches and schools. The city

225-527: A burst of railroad building. In 1872 the Wisconsin Central built the first line through town. In 1887 Upham Manufacturing started a line south from town to haul logs from Cameron and Richfield . In 1890 a line to Neillsville was built. In 1891 a line was built from Centralia (now Wisconsin Rapids), another was built to Greenwood , and a third from Wausau to Marshfield came from the north. In 1901

300-638: A failure, I'll probably leave this country and never come back. And I mean it. In all, development cost for the plane reached $ 23 million (equivalent to $ 246 million in 2023 dollars). Hughes returned to California during a break in the Senate hearings to run taxi tests on the H-4. On November 2, 1947, the taxi tests began with Hughes at the controls. His crew included Dave Grant as copilot, two flight engineers, Don Smith and Joe Petrali, 16 mechanics, and two other flight crew. The H-4 also carried seven invited guests from

375-619: A labor shortage at the canning factory north of the current Wildwood Park. Woodworking and building continued long after the pines were cut. During World War II, Roddis Lumber and Veneer, which produced plywood and other composites, was "the Allies' largest pre-fabricator of wood for Liberty ships ". Felker Brothers also produced components for the Liberty ships. The Frey brothers started building Rollohomes in 1947 and were followed by other manufacturers of mobile and modular homes. With

450-561: A new allocation granted – in most cases this is from the new country's new ITU allocation, but neither is it uncommon for the new country to be allocated a subset of their former colonial power's allocation. For example, after partition in 1947, India retained the VT designation it had received as part of the British Empire's Vx series allocation, while Pakistan adopted the AP designation from

525-565: A number suffix rather than letters, like the United States (N), South Korea (HL), and Japan (JA), the prefix and suffix are connected without a dash. Aircraft flying privately usually use their registration as their radio callsign , but many aircraft flying in commercial operations (especially charter, cargo, and airlines) use the ICAO airline designator or a company callsign. Some countries will permit an aircraft that will not be flown into

600-531: A population of 74,207 in 2020. Marshfield is home to the Marshfield Clinic , a large healthcare system that serves much of Central, Northern, and Western Wisconsin. In 1851 and 1853, when the area was still forested, surveyors working for the U.S. government marked all the section corners in the 6 by 6 miles (9.7 by 9.7 km) square which now includes Marshfield, Hewitt , and Cameron , working on foot with compass and chain . When done,

675-532: A second line was built from Wisconsin Rapids to Marshfield. In 1903 38 passenger trains stopped daily in Marshfield. So many tracks intersected in the community that Marshfield was nicknamed "Hub City". The hub was also agricultural. Dairying began to organize as cheese factories started up, such as the one at Nasonville in 1885. Roddis and then Blum Brothers made wooden cheese boxes in Marshfield. By 1921

750-550: A secondary simulator-style attraction named Time Voyager was constructed next to the H-4, at a cost of $ 2.5 million (~$ 5.9 million in 2023). In 1988, The Walt Disney Company acquired both Long Beach attractions and the associated Long Beach real estate by Pier J. In 1991, Disney informed the Aero Club of Southern California that it no longer wished to display the Hercules aircraft after its highly ambitious Port Disney plan

825-720: A single letter prefix. Smaller countries had to share a single letter prefix, but were allocated exclusive use of the first letter of the suffix. This was modified by agreement by the International Bureau at Berne and published on April 23, 1913. Although initial allocations were not specifically for aircraft but for any radio user, the International Air Navigation Convention held in Paris in 1919 ( Paris Convention of 1919 ) made allocations specifically for aircraft registrations, based on

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900-431: A speed of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h) for about one mile (1.6 km). At this altitude, the aircraft still experienced ground effect . To Hughes, these tests demonstrated that the (now-unneeded) plane was flight-worthy, and thus worth the use of government funds. The H-4 never flew again. Its lifting capacity and ceiling were never tested. Afterwards a full-time crew of 300 workers, all sworn to secrecy, maintained

975-424: A time. The NAA allocates a unique alphanumeric string to identify the aircraft, which also indicates the nationality (i.e., country of registration ) of the aircraft, and provides a legal document called a Certificate of Registration , one of the documents which must be carried when the aircraft is in operation. The registration identifier must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. Most countries also require

1050-608: A transitional year of residency. In addition, fellowships are offered in internal medicine and palliative medicine. The Marshfield Clinic also hosts medical and physician assistant students for the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and provides medical education, clinical experiences, and rotations. Marshfield Clinic sponsors the Security Health Plan of Wisconsin . Marshfield Medical Center,

1125-625: Is a Pre-K–12 system consisting of St. John the Baptist Primary School, Our Lady of Peace Intermediate School, Columbus Catholic Middle School, and Columbus Catholic High School . The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at Marshfield and Mid-State Technical College – Marshfield Campus are located in Marshfield. The Marshfield Clinic system provides health care for much of northern Wisconsin. It operates residency programs in dermatology, internal medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine-pediatrics, dentistry, and surgery, as well as

1200-618: Is the largest flying boat ever built, and it had the largest wingspan of any aircraft ever flown until the twin-fuselaged Scaled Composites Stratolaunch first flew on April 13, 2019. The aircraft remains in good condition. After having been displayed to the public in Long Beach, California , from 1980 to 1992, it was moved to display at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon , United States. It

1275-498: Is well watered with small streams but none of them are of sufficient size for Milling purposes. The streams are lined with Alder & many of them producing good hay . There are no improvements in this Township. Marshfield was settled much later than many surrounding towns. DuBay started his trading post 40 miles (64 km) east on the Wisconsin River around 1818. A sawmill was built at Nekoosa in 1832. A sawmill

1350-600: The Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as the Chicago Convention), all civil aircraft must be registered with a civil aviation authority (CAA) using procedures set by each country. Every country, even those not party to the Chicago Convention, has an NAA whose functions include the registration of civil aircraft . An aircraft can only be registered once, in one jurisdiction, at

1425-549: The Marshfield moraine by geologists. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 13.69 square miles (35.5 km ), of which 13.66 square miles (35.4 km ) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km ) is water. The Köppen climate classification subtype for the climate of Marshfield is " Dfb ". (Warm Summer Continental Climate). As of the census of 2020 ,

1500-502: The Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles. It has since been converted to office and event space by Google. Performance specifications are projected. General characteristics Performance Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists 45°12′14″N 123°08′42″W  /  45.204°N 123.145°W  / 45.204; -123.145 Aircraft registration In accordance with

1575-611: The Senate War Investigating Committee in 1947 over the use of government funds for the aircraft. During a Senate hearing on August 6, 1947 (the first of a series of appearances), Hughes said: The Hercules was a monumental undertaking. It is the largest aircraft ever built. It is over five stories tall with a wingspan longer than a football field. That's more than a city block. Now, I put the sweat of my life into this thing. I have my reputation all rolled up in it and I have stated several times that if it's

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1650-572: The Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother , it offered early health insurance. Lumbermen could pay a flat rate, and in exchange St. Joseph's would care for them in case of injury. In 1916, six local doctors formed a group practice clinic in the second story of the Thiel building downtown, calling themselves Marshfield Clinic . German immigrants made up two-thirds of Marshfield's population in

1725-618: The Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , Hong Kong and Macau , both of which were returned to PRC control from Britain in 1997 and Portugal in 1999 respectively. Hong Kong's prefix of VR-H and Macau's of CS-M, both subdivisions of their colonial powers' allocations, were replaced by China's B- prefix without the registration mark being extended, leaving aircraft from both SARs with registration marks of only four characters, as opposed to

1800-422: The plywood -and-resin " Duramold " process – a form of composite technology – for the laminated wood construction, which was considered a technological tour de force . The specialized wood veneer was made by Roddis Manufacturing in Marshfield, Wisconsin . Hamilton Roddis had teams of young women ironing the (unusually thin) strong birch wood veneer before shipping to California. A house moving company transported

1875-643: The 1890s. One of the two early newspapers, Die Demokrat , was published in German. Many had family back in Germany as World War I approached, and had mixed sympathies. In one of Marshfield's old Victorian houses, a once-hidden paper -hanger's signature boasts, "...1917, when the Germans licked the World." Feelings were again mixed during World War II. In the summer of 1945, 243 German POWs were brought in to fill

1950-425: The 1913 callsign list. The agreement stipulated that the nationality marks were to be followed by a hyphen then a group of four letters that must include a vowel (and for the convention Y was considered to be a vowel). This system operated until the adoption of the revised system in 1928. The International Radiotelegraph Convention at Washington in 1927 revised the list of markings. These were adopted from 1928 and are

2025-778: The Arts, and is the home of the New Visions Art Gallery, located in the Marshfield Clinic . The Vox Concert Series brings music performers from across the country to Marshfield. In addition, the local UW campus hosts artists in its art gallery. Marshfield Public Library, located downtown, offers adult and children's programs. The Marshfield School District consists of Madison, Grant, Lincoln, Nasonville, and Washington elementary schools, Marshfield Middle School, and Marshfield High School . Marshfield parochial schools include Trinity Lutheran School (K–8), Immanuel Lutheran School (Pre-K–8), and Columbus Catholic Schools. The latter

2100-576: The Blum plant was making 3,500 boxes a day. In 1907 the first cold storage plant was built in town, to store local cheese before shipping it by rail to larger markets. Ice cream factories followed, and processing of eggs, chickens, and liquid milk. In 1923 a spokesman for the Soo Line Railroad said that Marshfield shipped more dairy products than any other city in the United States. St. Joseph's Hospital began with six beds in 1890. Operated by

2175-581: The H-4's wing, the Summa Corporation would pay $ 700,000 and receive ownership of the H-4, the U.S. government would cede any rights, and the aircraft would be protected "from commercial exploitation." In 1980, the H-4 was acquired by the Aero Club of Southern California, which later put the aircraft on display in a very large geodesic dome next to the Queen Mary ship exhibit in Long Beach, California . The large dome facility became known as

2250-497: The Hercules, were converted into sound stages . Scenes from movies such as Titanic , What Women Want and End of Days have been filmed in the 315,000-square-foot (29,300 m) aircraft hangar where Howard Hughes created the flying boat. The hangar will be preserved as a structure eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places in what is today the large light industry and housing development in

2325-660: The Ryan NYP aircraft flown by Charles Lindbergh as the Spirit of St. Louis was registered in the experimental category. There is a unique overlap in the United States with aircraft having a single number followed by two letters and radio call signs issued by the Federal Communications Commission to Amateur Radio operators holding the Amateur Extra class license. For example, N4YZ is, on

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2400-478: The Spruce Goose Dome. The very large enclosed indoor dome area around the H-4 consisted of meeting and special event space, elaborate audio-visual displays about Howard Hughes and the aircraft itself, and dining areas for tourists. Many convention groups held large dinners, sales meetings, and even concerts under the wings of the aircraft at night when the Spruce Goose Dome was closed to tourists. In 1986,

2475-618: The United Kingdom) either because of personal or political reasons, or because they fear spurious lawsuits and potential arrest of the aircraft. The first use of aircraft registrations was based on the radio callsigns allocated at the London International Radiotelegraphic Conference in 1913. The format was a single letter prefix followed by four other letters (like A-BCDE). The major nations operating aircraft at that time were allocated

2550-475: The United States Department of Homeland Security) are assigned civil registrations. Although each aircraft registration identifier is unique, some countries allow it to be re-used when the aircraft has been sold, destroyed or retired. For example, N3794N is assigned to a Mooney M20F . It had been previously assigned to a Beechcraft Bonanza (specifically, the aircraft in which Buddy Holly

2625-577: The aircraft in flying condition in a climate-controlled hangar. The company reduced the crew to 50 workers in 1962 and then disbanded it after Hughes' death in 1976. Ownership of the H-4 was disputed by the U.S. government, which had contracted for its construction. In the mid-1970s, an agreement was reached whereby the Smithsonian Institution 's National Air and Space Museum would receive the Hughes H-1 Racer and section of

2700-404: The aircraft to be registered in the carrier's home country (either because it does not have sufficient regulation governing civil aviation , or because it feels the courts in that country would not cooperate fully if it needed to enforce any security interest over the aircraft), and the carrier is reluctant to have the aircraft registered in the financier's jurisdiction (often the United States or

2775-410: The airplane on streets to Pier E (now Pier T) in Long Beach, California . They moved it in three large sections: the fuselage, each wing—and a fourth, smaller shipment with tail assembly parts and other smaller assemblies. After Hughes Aircraft completed final assembly, they erected a hangar around the flying boat, with a ramp to launch the H-4 into the harbor. Howard Hughes was called to testify before

2850-522: The airspace of another country to display the registration with the country prefix omitted - for example, gliders registered in Australia commonly display only the three-letter unique mark, without the "VH-" national prefix. Some countries also operate a separate registry system, or use a separate group of unique marks, for gliders, ultralights, and/or other less-common types of aircraft. For example, Germany and Switzerland both use lettered suffixes (in

2925-407: The area and started cutting an opening in the forest. They built a two-room log hotel at what is now the corner of Depot and Chestnut streets, with bunks in the west room and tables, benches, bar and store in the east room. That crude building between the stumps was the first permanent structure in Marshfield. Marshfield's name is explained two ways. It might have been named for John J. Marsh, one of

3000-403: The average family size was 2.91. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 22.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The median income for a household in

3075-617: The basis of the currently used registrations. The markings have been amended and added to over the years, and the allocations and standards have since 1947 been managed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Article 20 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bears its appropriate nationality and registration marks. Upon

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3150-638: The business district. Men tried to stop the inferno, even dynamiting stores to create a fire break, but the updraft lifted embers and dropped them onto more buildings. When it was over, 250 buildings were destroyed, but there were no deaths. The next day, Upham announced he would rebuild his businesses. Neighbors in Stevens Point , Spencer and Wisconsin Rapids sent trainloads of supplies. The city ruled that buildings on Central should henceforth be built from brick, even though Marshfield had been largely built on wealth generated by lumber. The late 1800s saw

3225-407: The city was $ 37,248, and the median income for a family was $ 50,498. Males had a median income of $ 31,848 versus $ 23,745 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,965. About 3.7% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over. Marshfield has a local community arts facility, Chestnut Center for

3300-429: The city. The population density was 1,477.9 people per square mile (570.7/km ). There were 8,617 housing units at an average density of 677.4 per square mile (261.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.12% White , 0.39% African American , 0.23% Native American , 1.38% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.22% from other races , and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.78% of

3375-521: The combinations that could be used: An older aircraft (registered before 31 December 1948) may have a second letter in its identifier, identifying the category of aircraft. This additional letter is not actually part of the aircraft identification (e.g. NC12345 is the same registration as N12345). Aircraft category letters have not been included on any registration numbers issued since 1 January 1949, but they still appear on antique aircraft for authenticity purposes. The categories were: For example, N-X-211,

3450-533: The completion of the necessary procedures, the aircraft receives its unique "registration", which must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. Annex 7 to the Chicago Convention describes the definitions, location, and measurement of nationality and registration marks. The aircraft registration is made up of a prefix selected from the country's callsign prefix allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (making

3525-409: The consolidation of dairy farms and the late-2000s recession , some of these industries have contracted, and the medical complex has expanded. Roehl Transport has also become a large enterprise. Around 2011 three new plants opened on the east side of town to process sand for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells. Marshfield is located at (44.6649, −90.1760), sitting on a low ridge called

3600-410: The deputy surveyor filed this general description: This Township is nearly all Dry land, There being no Swamp of consequence in it. There being to much clay & rocks in it. Particularly that part which contains Fir & Hemlock . The surface is rough & uneven(?) and rather to flat for anything but meadow. There is some good Pine it but to much scattering to make it an object. The Township

3675-515: The first HK-1 took place 16 months after the receipt of the development contract. Kaiser then withdrew from the project. Hughes continued the program on his own under the designation H-4 Hercules , signing a new government contract that now limited production to one example. Work proceeded slowly, and the H-4 was not completed until well after the war was over. The plane was built by the Hughes Aircraft Company at Hughes Airport , location of present-day Playa Vista, Los Angeles , California, employing

3750-480: The form D-xxxx and HB-xxx respectively) for most forms of flight-craft but numbers (D-nnnn and HB-nnn) for unpowered gliders. Many other nations register gliders in subgroups beginning with the letter G, such as Norway with LN-Gxx and New Zealand with ZK-Gxx. In the United States , the registration number is commonly referred to as an "N" number, because all aircraft registered there have a number starting with

3825-419: The letter N. An alphanumeric system is used because of the large numbers of aircraft registered in the United States. An N-number begins with a run of one or more numeric digits, may end with one or two alphabetic letters, may only consist of one to five characters in total, and must start with a digit other than zero. In addition, N-numbers may not contain the letters I or O , due to their similarities with

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3900-480: The newly allocated ITU callsigns APA-ASZ. When this happens it is usually the case that aircraft will be re-registered into the new series retaining as much of the suffix as is possible. For example, when in 1929 the British Dominions at the time established their own aircraft registers, marks were reallocated as follows: Two oddities created by this reallocation process are the current formats used by

3975-785: The norm of five. Marshfield, Wisconsin Marshfield is a city in Wood and Marathon counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . It is located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 10 , Highway 13 and Highway 97 . The population was 18,929 at the 2020 census ; of this, 18,119 were in Wood County and 810 were in Marathon County. It is a principal city of the Marshfield– Wisconsin Rapids micropolitan statistical area , which includes all of Wood County and had

4050-405: The numerals 1 and 0 . Each alphabetic letter in the suffix can have one of 24 discrete values, while each numeric digit can be one of 10, except the first, which can take on only one of nine values. This yields a total of 915,399 possible registration numbers in the namespace , though certain combinations are reserved either for government use or for other special purposes. The following are

4125-587: The one hand, a Cessna 206 registered to a private individual in Melba, Idaho , while, on the other hand, is also issued to an Amateur Radio operator in North Carolina. Since an aircraft registration number is also used as its call sign, this means that two unrelated radio stations can have the same call sign. The impact of decolonisation and independence on aircraft registration schemes has varied from place to place. Most countries, upon independence, have had

4200-619: The original owners of land in the area. Marshfield might also have been named after Marshfield, Massachusetts , since the Wisconsin Central Railway was financed with money from Massachusetts and other stops along the WC's line were named after towns in Massachusetts, including Amherst , Medford and Chelsea . The first industry was a stave and spoke factory located near the railroad. In 1878 William H. Upham ,

4275-413: The population was 18,929. The population density was 1,385.8 inhabitants per square mile (535.1/km ). There were 9,508 housing units at an average density of 696.1 per square mile (268.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.5% White , 2.6% Asian , 1.1% Black or African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.2% from other races , and 4.2% from two or more races. Ethnically,

4350-565: The population was 3.4% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,118 people, 8,777 households, and 4,995 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,420.4 inhabitants per square mile (548.4/km ). There were 9,516 housing units at an average density of 707.0 per square mile (273.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White , 0.7% African American , 0.2% Native American , 2.3% Asian , 0.8% from other races , and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.4% of

4425-406: The population. There were 8,235 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and

4500-439: The population. There were 8,777 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

4575-407: The press corps and an additional seven industry representatives. In total, thirty-six people were on board. Four reporters left to file stories after the first two taxi runs while the remaining press stayed for the final test run of the day. After picking up speed on the channel facing Cabrillo Beach, the Hercules lifted off, remaining airborne for 26 seconds at 70 ft (21 m) off the water at

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4650-463: The prototype. Built from wood ( Duramold process) because of wartime restrictions on the use of aluminum and concerns about weight, the aircraft was nicknamed the Spruce Goose by critics, although it was made almost entirely of birch . The Birch Bitch was a more accurate but less socially acceptable moniker that was allegedly used by the mechanics who worked on the plane. The Hercules

4725-518: The registration a quick way of determining the country of origin) and the registration suffix. Depending on the country of registration, this suffix is a numeric or alphanumeric code, and consists of one to five characters. A supplement to Annex 7 provides an updated list of approved nationality and common marks used by various countries. While the Chicago convention sets out the country-specific prefixes used in registration marks, and makes provision for

4800-403: The registration identifier to be imprinted on a permanent fireproof plate mounted on the fuselage in case of a post-fire/post-crash aircraft accident investigation . Most nations' military aircraft typically use tail codes and serial numbers. Military aircraft most often are not assigned civil registration codes. However, government-owned non-military civil aircraft (for example, aircraft of

4875-430: The ways they are used in international civil aviation and displayed on aircraft, individual countries also make further provision for their formats and the use of registration marks for intranational flight. When painted on the aircraft's fuselage, the prefix and suffix are usually separated by a dash (for example, YR-BMA). When entered in a flight plan , the dash is omitted (for example, YRBMA). In some countries that use

4950-559: Was incorporated in 1883. By 1885 the population exceeded 2,000, ranging from the Uphams in their fine Italianate homes to laborers living in shacks along the railroad. In 1887, a fire started and got out of control. On June 27, after a dry three weeks, a fire broke out among the drying piles in the Upham mill's lumberyard, ignited by a spark from a train. The fire spread, consuming the sawmill and flour mill, and headed south into homes and

5025-662: Was killed ). An individual aircraft may be assigned different registrations during its existence. This can be because the aircraft changes ownership, jurisdiction of registration, or in some cases for vanity reasons. Most often, aircraft are registered in the jurisdiction in which the carrier is resident or based, and may enjoy preferential rights or privileges as a flag carrier for international operations. Carriers in emerging markets may be required to register aircraft in an offshore jurisdiction where they are leased or purchased but financed by banks in major onshore financial centres. The financing institution may be reluctant to allow

5100-439: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.78. The median age in the city was 41.3 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 18,800 people, 8,235 households, and 4,866 families residing in

5175-529: Was built at Neillsville around 1847. The first building at Marshfield came in 1872. In 1872 the Wisconsin Central Railway was building the leg of its line from Stevens Point through the forest to what would become Colby , heading north for Lake Superior . The railway needed a supply depot between those two towns, and Marshfield was about midway. At the railroad's request, Louis Rivers, his wife and child, and his brother Frank came to

5250-456: Was issued in 1942 as a development contract and called for three aircraft to be constructed in two years for the war effort. Seven configurations were considered, including twin-hull and single-hull designs with combinations of four, six, and eight wing-mounted engines. The final design chosen was a behemoth, eclipsing any large transport then built. It would be built mostly of wood to conserve metal (its elevators and rudder were fabric-covered), and

5325-578: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2024. In 1942, the U.S. War Department needed to transport war materiel and personnel to Britain. Allied shipping in the Atlantic Ocean was suffering heavy losses to German U-boats , so a requirement was issued for an aircraft that could cross the Atlantic with a large payload. Wartime priorities meant the aircraft could not be made of strategic materials (e.g., aluminum). The aircraft

5400-544: Was nicknamed the Spruce Goose (a name Hughes disliked) or the Flying Lumberyard . While Kaiser had originated the "flying cargo ship" concept, he did not have an aeronautical background and deferred to Hughes and his designer, Glenn Odekirk . Development dragged on, which frustrated Kaiser, who blamed delays partly on restrictions placed for the acquisition of strategic materials such as aluminum , and partly on Hughes' insistence on "perfection." Construction of

5475-459: Was reassembled by Contractors Cargo Company and is currently on display. The aircraft arrived in McMinnville on February 27, 1993, after a 138-day, 1,055-mile (1,698 km) trip from Long Beach. The Spruce Goose geodesic dome is now used by Carnival Cruise Lines as its Long Beach terminal. By the mid-1990s, the former Hughes Aircraft hangars at Hughes Airport , including the one that held

5550-492: Was scrapped. After a long search for a suitable host, the Aero Club of Southern California arranged for the Hughes Hercules flying boat to be given to Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in exchange for payments and a percentage of the museum's profits. The aircraft was transported by barge , train, and truck to its current home in McMinnville, Oregon (about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Portland ), where it

5625-483: Was the brainchild of Henry J. Kaiser , a leading Liberty ship builder and manufacturer. Kaiser teamed with aircraft designer Howard Hughes to create what would become the largest aircraft yet built. It was designed to carry 150,000 pounds (68,000 kg), 750 fully equipped troops or two 30-ton M4 Sherman tanks. The original designation "HK-1" reflected the Hughes and Kaiser collaboration. The HK-1 aircraft contract

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