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86-402: A jury of five to six curators, critics, and scholars was responsible for the selection of the artists. They nominated six or seven artists for the shortlist; several months later, they chose the winner of the prize. In the prize's early years, most nominated artists were little known. In 1996 and 1998, the nominated artists exhibited their work at the now-defunct Guggenheim Soho , where a space on

172-437: A Frank Gehry retrospective at the museum, Gehry designed a canopy, which was installed outside the fifth floor. It remained in place for six years after the retrospective ended. By 2004, museum officials were raising $ 25 million for another restoration of the building and hired Swanke Hayden Connell Architects to survey it. By then, the structure had developed numerous leaks. After architects and engineers determined that

258-428: A "bowl"-shaped massing, with several concrete "bands" separated by recessed aluminum skylights. From the street, the building looks like a white ribbon curled into a cylindrical stack, wider at the top than the bottom, displaying nearly all curved surfaces. Its appearance is in sharp contrast to the typically rectangular Manhattan buildings that surround it, a fact relished by Wright, who claimed that his museum would make

344-602: A "chief culture and inclusion officer" in 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic , the Guggenheim temporarily closed in March 2020. It reopened that October, recording a monthly net loss of $ 1.4 million while closed. It fired numerous staff members during the pandemic. Armstrong announced in mid-2022 that he planned to resign in 2023. Armstrong left the museum at the end of 2023. In June 2024, Mariët Westermann became

430-603: A Continent" in 1996; "China: 5,000 Years" in 1998; "Brazil: Body & Soul" in 2001; and "The Aztec Empire" in 2004. Unusual exhibitions included " The Art of the Motorcycle ", an industrial design installation of motorcycles. The Guggenheim Museum SoHo, designed by Arata Isozaki , opened in June 1992 at the corner of Broadway and Prince Street in SoHo, Manhattan . The SoHo building's exhibits included Marc Chagall and

516-649: A New York museum" during his brief time as director. Thomas M. Messer , director of the Boston Institute of Contemporary Art , succeeded Sweeney as director in January 1961; he worked under Sweeney, who continued to run the foundation. Messer stayed for 27 years, the longest tenure of any director of a major New York art institution. Under his leadership, the museum pivoted toward more contemporary artists, including those from Europe and Latin America. Messer

602-571: A Slovenian artist, architect and urban theorist working in sculpture and photography. The other nominees were: 2002 Pierre Huyghe , a French artist who works in multiple media, won the fourth Hugo Boss Prize. The other nominees were: 2004 The fifth Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to Rirkrit Tiravanija , a Thai artist born in Buenos Aires who now works in New York, Berlin and Bangkok. The other nominees were: 2006 The sixth Hugo Boss Prize

688-438: A cafe at the southern end of the museum building, the space was instead used by the conservation and framing departments. The foundation proposed adding a lobby and restaurant in the museum's driveway area in early 1973 but had difficulty agreeing on the plans, which were revised that November. As part of the project, designed by Donald E. Freed, the museum closed its driveway and added a dining area and bookstore there. Facing

774-490: A construction permit on May 23, and work on the museum began on August 14. Wright opened an office in New York City to oversee the construction, which he felt required his personal attention, and appointed his son-in-law William Wesley Peters to supervise the day-to-day work. In practice, neither Wright nor Peters visited the site frequently, so Holden's William Short ended up managing the project. Sweeney wanted

860-431: A continuous frontage on Fifth Avenue from 88th to 89th Street. This prompted Wright to redesign the new building yet again, proposing a multi-story annex with apartments behind the museum. The foundation also announced that the museum would start exhibiting "objective" works of art, as well as older artwork. Rebay, who disagreed with this policy, resigned as director of the museum in March 1952. Nevertheless, she left

946-555: A growing deficit and a shortage of exhibit space, the Guggenheim announced in 1977 that it would raise $ 20 million over the following five years. Museum officials also planned to expand the annex on 89th Street. Messer became director of the Guggenheim Foundation in 1980 and continued to serve as the museum director, promoting two curators to directorial positions. The Guggenheim renovated the Thannhauser wing in

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1032-536: A learning center in the basement. The museum building's design was controversial when it was completed but was widely praised afterward. The building underwent extensive renovations from 1990 to 1992, when the annex was built, and it was renovated again from 2005 to 2008. The museum's collection has grown over the decades and is founded upon several important private collections, including those of Guggenheim, Karl Nierendorf , Katherine Sophie Dreier , Justin Thannhauser , Rebay, Giuseppe Panza , Robert Mapplethorpe , and

1118-519: A lozenge-shaped shaft, which contains a stairway. Karl Nierendorf Karl Nierendorf (18 April 1889 – 25 October 1947) was a German banker and later, art dealer. He was particularly known for championing the work of contemporary Expressionists in Cologne and Berlin before the War, especially Paul Klee , Otto Dix , and Vasily Kandinsky . Karl Nierendorf was born on 18 April 1889. He founded

1204-508: A month of these criticisms, the museum hired its first full-time black curator, Ashley James . An investigation by a law firm hired by the museum found "no evidence that Ms. LaBouvier was subject to adverse treatment on the basis of her race". The museum's Artistic Director and Chief Curator, Nancy Spector , left the institution in 2020 after 34 years. The Guggenheim approved a plan for increasing racial diversity in August 2020, and it hired

1290-512: A movie theater in the basement, an elevator tower topped by an observatory, and a smaller building featuring a smaller theater, in addition to storage space, a library, and a cafe. Preliminary plans also included apartments for Guggenheim and Rebay, but these plans were scrapped. Guggenheim acquired an additional parcel of land on 88th Street that July. Wright built a model of the museum at Taliesin , his home in Wisconsin, and displayed it at

1376-455: A mystic language was spoken". Some of the museum's staff and trustees wished to oust Rebay and cancel Wright's design. Wright, however, persuaded several members of the Guggenheim family to acquire additional land on Fifth Avenue so his design could be developed in full. To accommodate the growing collection, in August 1951 the Guggenheim Foundation acquired an apartment building at 1 East 88th Street to remodel for museum use. It now owned

1462-579: A portion of her personal collection to the foundation in her will. Shortly after Rebay resigned, Wright filed plans for the building, which was now projected to cost $ 2 million. It was renamed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952. James Johnson Sweeney was appointed the museum's director in October 1952. He expanded the foundation's collecting criteria, rejecting Rebay's dismissal of "objective" painting and sculpture, and started exhibiting some of

1548-415: A red-colored exterior, which was never realized. Instead, the facade was covered in an ivory-colored coating of vinyl plastic, known as a "cocoon". The engineers involved in the original construction thought that the "cocoon" would not crack, so the facade was built without expansion joints ; they were wrong: the facade cracked in subsequent years. During subsequent renovations, conservators found that

1634-407: A round concrete facade, while the upper two stories are cantilevered outward from the monitor's core. The third story contains rectangular aluminum windows with semicircular panes at their tops. The fourth story contains a square terrace and additional windows. Above the fourth story is a fascia with lozenge patterns, as well as a hexagonal roof with an aluminum frame. The roof is interrupted by

1720-433: A smaller sculpture exhibition the previous year, where he learned how to compensate for the space's unusual geometry by constructing special plinths at a particular angle, but this was impossible for one piece, an Alexander Calder mobile whose wire inevitably hung at a true plumb vertical. After Messer acquired a private collection from art dealer Justin Thannhauser in 1963, the Guggenheim hired Peters to renovate

1806-538: A spiritual and utopian aspect ( non-objective art ). Guggenheim completely changed his collecting strategy, turning to the work of Wassily Kandinsky , among others. He began to display his collection to the public at his apartment in the Plaza Hotel in New York City. Guggenheim and Rebay initially considered building a museum at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan . As the collection grew, Guggenheim established

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1892-416: A structure to house and display the collection. Rebay thought the 76-year-old Wright was dead, but Guggenheim's wife Irene Rothschild Guggenheim knew better and suggested that Rebay contact him. Wright accepted the opportunity to experiment with his "organic" style in an urban setting, saying that he had never seen a museum that was "properly designed". He was hired to design the building in June 1943. He

1978-408: A symbolic meaning to the building's shapes: "[T]hese geometric forms suggest certain human ideas, moods, sentiments – as for instance: the circle, infinity; the triangle, structural unity; the spiral, organic progress; the square, integrity." Forms echo one another throughout: oval-shaped columns, for example, reiterate the geometry of the fountain. Circularity is the leitmotif, from the main gallery to

2064-414: A vertical rather than horizontal form, far different from his earlier, rural works. Since he was not licensed as an architect in New York, he relied on Arthur Cort Holden, of the architectural firm Holden, McLaughlin & Associates, to deal with New York City's Board of Standards and Appeals . From 1943 to early 1944, Wright produced four differing designs. One had a hexagonal shape and level floors for

2150-443: Is a curved wall, which forms the base of the main gallery. There is a ramp adjacent to this wall, which leads to the basement auditorium. At the southeast corner of the museum, on 88th Street, is a rectangular structure, which contains no openings except for five circular portals at ground level. The structure contains the museum's cafe, which was part of Wright's original plans but was not developed until 1992. The second floor of

2236-588: Is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue between 88th and 89th Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It hosts a permanent collection of Impressionist , Post-Impressionist , early Modern , and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year. It was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under

2322-495: Is at the center of the Fifth Avenue facade. It consists of an aluminum-framed glass wall with several doors, recessed within a low foyer. A doorway directly in front of the entrance leads to the bookstore, while the museum galleries are accessed by doors to the right. Above the main entrance is a "bridge" connecting the main gallery and monitor building, which is supported by several lozenge-shaped piers . The underside of

2408-759: The Galeire Neumann-Nierendorf . In 1937, Nierendorf moved to New York City, and established the Nierendorf Gallery there; and a subsidiary gallery, International Art, in Hollywood, the director of which was Estella Kellen (born Katzenellenbogen), sister of Konrad Kellen . In 25 October 1947, he died suddenly from a heart attack. In 1948, the Guggenheim Museum purchased his entire estate for US$ 72,000, including more than 150 works of art by Paul Klee alone. In 2008

2494-467: The Hirshhorn collection . In particular, there were difficulties installing three-dimensional sculptures because the slope of the floor, and the curvature of the walls could combine to produce vexing optical illusions. Though the combination proved generally to work well in the Guggenheim, Messer recalled that, at the time, "I was scared. I half felt that this would be my last exhibition." He had staged

2580-611: The New York Supreme Court upheld the Board of Estimate's decision. Thomas Krens , former director of the Williams College Museum of Art , took over as the director of both the museum and the foundation in January 1988. Over his nearly two-decade tenure, he led a rapid expansion of the museum's collections, and the museum mounted some of its most popular exhibitions, including "Africa: The Art of

2666-623: The Riverdale section of the Bronx, overlooking the Hudson River . Guggenheim felt that the Fifth Avenue site's proximity to Central Park was important, as the park afforded relief from the noise, congestion and concrete of the city. Wright's preliminary sketches fit the site nearly perfectly, although the site was about 25 feet (7.6 m) narrower than what Wright anticipated. Guggenheim approved Wright's sketches in mid-1944. Wright called

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2752-460: The September 11 attacks in 2001, the museum faced budgetary deficits, as one-quarter of its revenue came from ticket sales. Lewis donated $ 12 million to the museum in 2002 under the condition that Krens tighten the budget. Despite having given $ 77 million, more than any other donor in the Guggenheim's history, Lewis did not have as much influence over the board's decisions as did top donors at

2838-469: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation , in 1937, to foster the appreciation of modern art . The foundation's first venue, the Museum of Non-Objective Painting , opened in 1939, under Rebay's direction, at 24 East 54th Street in midtown Manhattan. Under her guidance, Guggenheim sought to include in the collection the most important examples of non-objective art by early modernists. He wanted to display

2924-588: The Bohen Foundation. The collection, which includes around 8,000 works as of 2022 , is shared with sister museums in Bilbao, Spain , and Venice, Italy . In 2023, nearly 861,000 people visited the museum. Solomon R. Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy mining family, began collecting works of the old masters in the 1890s. In 1926, he met artist Hilla von Rebay , who introduced him to European avant-garde art, in particular abstract art that she felt had

3010-435: The Guggenheim . The renovation cost $ 29 million and was funded by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation's board of trustees, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs , the New York state government, and MAPEI Corporation. Meanwhile, during the early 2000s, Krens was involved in a long-running dispute with Lewis, who was also chairman of the foundation's board of directors. When admission declined by 60 percent following

3096-667: The Guggenheim's first female director. She had been the vice chancellor of New York University Abu Dhabi since 2019 and was its provost when it was formed in 2007 and was responsible for, among other things, its first climate action plan. She earned Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in the History of Art from New York University Institute of Fine Arts . Wright's design for the Guggenheim Museum incorporated geometric motifs, such as squares, circles, rectangles, triangles and lozenges . The massing contains two spiraling structures,

3182-470: The Jewish Theater , Paul Klee at the Guggenheim Museum , Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective , and Andy Warhol: The Last Supper . It did not meet visitor forecasts and closed in 2002. Shortly after becoming director, Krens decided to spend $ 24 million renovating the Guggenheim. Work commenced in late 1989. The museum initially remained open, but later closed for 18 months. The monitor wing

3268-547: The Nierendorf Gallery in 1939. After a contentious dispute it was restituted by the city of Dusseldorf in 2021. Also in 2017 the heirs of the Jewish businessman and collector Eugen Moritz Buchthal recovered nine works from the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin which had purchased them through the Nierendorf Gallery. In 2023, “Die trauernde Braut” (“Mourning Bride”) by Otto Dix which passed through Nierendorf

3354-502: The Plaza Hotel that September. The building's construction was delayed, first because of material shortages caused by World War II, then by increasing construction costs after the war. By late 1946, Guggenheim and Rebay had redesigned the basement theater to accommodate concerts. Rebay and Wright disagreed over several aspects of the design, such as the means by which the paintings were to be mounted, although they both wanted

3440-498: The action as consistent with the museum's principles by expanding its international collection and building its "postwar collection to the strength of our pre-war holdings", and noted that museums regularly conduct such sales. He also expanded the foundation's international presence by opening museums abroad. Krens was also criticized for his businesslike style and perceived populism and commercialization. One writer commented, "Krens has been both praised and vilified for turning what

3526-508: The annex's fourth-floor gallery after him in 1993. To finance the renovation and new acquisitions, the foundation sold works by Kandinsky, Chagall , and Modigliani , raising $ 47 million. This move was controversial, drawing considerable criticism for trading masters for "trendy" latecomers. In The New York Times , critic Michael Kimmelman wrote that the sales "stretched the accepted rules of deaccessioning further than many American institutions have been willing to do." Krens defended

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3612-690: The board continued, and Krens stepped down as foundation director in February 2008. Richard Armstrong , former director of the Carnegie Museum of Art , became the director of the museum and the foundation in November 2008. The New York Times said the Guggenheim Foundation had selected him because his "calmer, steadier presence" contrasted with the "nearly 20 often tumultuous years of Mr. Krens's maverick vision". In addition to its permanent collections, which continued to grow under his direction,

3698-399: The bridge contains recessed lighting that illuminates the main entrance. The main entrance was originally the entrance to a driveway that curved toward 89th Street, with separate entrances to the monitor and main gallery. The glass wall was installed after the driveway was closed in the 1970s, and the museum's bookstore was placed directly behind the wall. To the south of the main entrance

3784-497: The building was structurally sound, renovations began in September 2005 to repair cracks and modernize systems and exterior details. The restoration mainly consisted of exterior and infrastructure upgrades, preserving as many historical details as possible while allowing museum operations to continue. On September 22, 2008, the Guggenheim celebrated the project's completion with the premiere of artist Jenny Holzer 's tribute For

3870-595: The city's other art museums. Lewis resigned from the board of directors in 2005, expressing opposition to Krens's plans for additional museums around the world. Longtime curator Lisa Dennison was hired as the museum's new director in 2005, working under Krens, who continued to direct the foundation. By 2006, the museum faces a $ 35 million deficit, even as Dennison rejected the idea of funding exhibits through corporate sponsorships. Dennison resigned in July 2007 to work at auction house Sotheby's . Tensions between Krens and

3956-539: The collection at the 1939 New York World's Fair in Queens , but Rebay advocated for a more permanent location in Manhattan. By the early 1940s, the foundation had accumulated such a large collection of avant-garde paintings that the need for a permanent museum was apparent, and Rebay wanted to establish it before Guggenheim died. In 1943, Rebay and Guggenheim wrote a letter to Frank Lloyd Wright asking him to design

4042-604: The design again in 1955, though these savings were canceled out by increasing construction costs. Four general contractors submitted bids in late 1954, and the foundation ultimately hired the Euclid Construction Corporation. The museum rented the Oliver Gould Jennings House at 7 East 72nd Street and relocated there before construction began. On May 6, 1956, demolition of the site's existing buildings began. The DOB issued

4128-465: The design to "reflect the unity of art and architecture". Wright continued to modify his plans during the late 1940s, largely because of concerns over the building's lighting, and created another model of the museum in 1947. The collection was greatly expanded in 1948 through the purchase of art dealer Karl Nierendorf 's estate of some 730 works. Progress remained stalled through the late 1940s, and William Muschenheim renovated an existing townhouse on

4214-534: The early 1980s. Following these changes, John Russell of The New York Times wrote that the Thannhauser Collection "may now be said to be the equivalent of the Frick in the domain of modern art." " Works & Process ", a series of performances at the Guggenheim, commenced in 1984. In 1982 Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects drew up designs for an 11-story annex on 88th Street, behind

4300-407: The existing museum building. The original plan, announced in 1985, would have cantilevered over the existing building. The design was downsized to 10 stories in early 1987 due to opposition from local residents. At the time, the building could only exhibit 150 pieces, about 3 percent of the museum's 5000-work collection. In anticipation of the annex's construction and a wider-ranging renovation of

4386-513: The facade was originally painted brownish yellow, which was covered with numerous coats of white or off-white paint over the years. The sidewalk in front of the museum acts as a forecourt , with metal circles inset into its surface, similar in design to the floor inside the museum. Next to the sidewalk are curving parapets that surround planting beds, some of which are below ground level. The planting beds originally contained shrubs, sycamore trees, and other vegetation. The museum's main entrance

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4472-458: The first black woman curator to create a solo exhibition and first black person to write a text published by the museum. She accused the museum of racism and alleged that, among other things, officials withheld resources and refused to let journalists interview her, though an article in The Atlantic described LaBouvier as being hostile toward people who commented on her exhibition. Within

4558-399: The foundation has administered loan exhibitions and co-organized exhibitions with other museums to foster public outreach. The museum hosted exhibitions such as America (2016), one of the smallest ever hosted there. About 140 maintenance workers and art installers joined a labor union in 2019, the first time the museum's employees had unionized. That year, Chaédria LaBouvier became

4644-449: The galleries, though all the others had circular schemes and used a ramp continuing around the building. In his notes, he indicated that he wanted a "well proportioned floor space from bottom to top—a wheel chair going around and up and down". His original concept was called an inverted " ziggurat ", because it resembled the steep steps on the ziggurats built in ancient Mesopotamia . Several architecture professors have speculated that

4730-453: The guidance of its first director, Hilla von Rebay . The museum adopted its current name in 1952, three years after the death of its founder Solomon R. Guggenheim . It continues to be operated and owned by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The museum's building, a landmark work of 20th-century architecture designed by Frank Lloyd Wright , drew controversy for the unusual shape of its display spaces and took 15 years to design and build; it

4816-499: The heirs of Oskar Reichel requested the restitution of "Two Nudes (Lovers)" by Oskar Kokoschka which the Nierendorf Gallery had purchased from Otto Kallir in 1945 before reselling it. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston , which ended up with the painting, filed a successful lawsuit against the Reichel heirs claiming title. In 2017 the heirs of Kurt Grawi made a restitution claim for a painting by Franz Marc that had passed through

4902-601: The helical ramp and glass dome of Giuseppe Momo 's 1932 staircase at the Vatican Museums was an inspiration for Wright's ramp and atrium. Wright expected that the museum would be in lower Manhattan . Instead, in March 1944, Rebay and Guggenheim acquired a site on Manhattan's Upper East Side , at the corner of 89th Street and the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue , overlooking Central Park . They considered numerous locations in Manhattan, as well as

4988-434: The inlays in the museum's terrazzo floors. Wright originally wanted to construct a marble facade, but builder George N. Cohen constructed the facade of gunite , a type of sprayed concrete, as a cost-cutting measure. Wright's and Cohen's names appear on a tile placed along the building's exterior; this is likely the only time when Wright and a builder shared credit for a building's construction. Wright had also proposed

5074-524: The largest cash donation in the museum's history, with the Fifth Avenue building to be renamed for him and his wife. The next month, Ronald O. Perelman announced that he would also donate $ 10 million. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), which had designated the building as a landmark, repeatedly refused to allow officials to place a sign with LeFrak's name outside the building. Consequently, LeFrak rescinded $ 8 million of his donation. Peter B. Lewis donated $ 10 million in 1995 for

5160-459: The media on October 20, 1959. It was formally dedicated the next day, drawing 600 visitors per hour. Its design was generally able to accommodate the retrospectives and temporary exhibits that it hosted over the years. Sweeney resigned as the museum's director in July 1960, citing philosophical differences with the board of trustees, and H. H. Arnason took over as temporary director. He launched "the first survey of Abstract Expressionism in

5246-454: The monitor's second floor. Thannhauser's collection was displayed within the monitor after the renovation was completed in 1965. The foundation auctioned off artwork from the 15th and 16th centuries, which was incompatible with the museum's modern-art collection. Rebay, who died in 1967, bequeathed over 600 artworks to the Guggenheim, although the museum did not receive the collection until 1971. To raise money for further acquisitions, such as

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5332-485: The museum to show 6 percent of its collection. The renovation was completed on June 27, 1992. The museum's offices were moved to the annex, the basement, and the former Guggenheim Museum SoHo, and storage space and conservation activities were moved to other buildings. The new annex allowed the museum to show more works from its permanent collection, as well as temporary exhibitions. The foundation acquired 200 photographs from Robert Mapplethorpe in 1992 and renamed

5418-468: The nearby Metropolitan Museum of Art "look like a Protestant barn". At the top of the "bowl" is a parapet , which surrounds three smaller skylights, as well as the large twelve-sided dome atop the main gallery. The northern part of the bridge contains a four-story wing, originally known as the monitor. Although the monitor's interior is cylindrical, its exterior contains different materials and shapes on each story. The monitor's first two stories contain

5504-469: The new museum to allow "building up a collection which offers up a standard of judgment". He wanted to change the color scheme, level out the sloping walls, and remove the clerestory windows, which led to prolonged disputes with Wright. By early 1958, Harry F. Guggenheim had to handle all communications between Sweeney and Wright, who would not speak to each other. The building topped out in May 1958, and

5590-435: The older building, Gwathmey Siegel also renovated the Thannhauser wing's second floor and the top level of the main gallery's ramp in 1987. The Board of Standards and Appeals approved the 89th Street annex that October, despite continuing opposition. Messer retired the next month, on the 50th anniversary of the collection's founding. The New York City Board of Estimate approved plans for the Guggenheim's annex in 1988, and

5676-446: The planned building an "Archeseum ... a building in which to see the highest". Wright's designs were announced in July 1945, and the museum was expected to cost $ 1 million and be completed within a year. The structure's main feature was a main gallery with a helical ramp, surrounding a lightwell with a skylight. Guests would board an elevator to reach the top; a second, steeper ramp would serve as an emergency exit. There would be

5762-468: The possibilities to do so. ... I want a temple of spirit, a monument!" Critic Paul Goldberger later wrote that Wright's modernist building was a catalyst for change, making it "socially and culturally acceptable for an architect to design a highly expressive, intensely personal museum. In this sense almost every museum of our time is a child of the Guggenheim." The Guggenheim is the only museum Wright designed; its urban location required him to design it in

5848-711: The publishing house Kairos Verlag , which produced the magazine Der Strom , and represented the work of Hans Hansen , and the drawings of Max Ernst and others. Together with his younger brother, Josef Nierendorf (1898–1949), in 1920 they founded Nierendorf Köln Neue Kunst in Cologne. In 1921, he met Otto Dix in Dusseldorf, and in 1923, the brothers established the Galerie Nierendorf there. In 1923, Nierendorf took over J.B. Neumann 's Berlin gallery, following Neumann's departure for New York, renaming it

5934-475: The rectangular structure contains the High Gallery. Immediately to the east, on 88th Street, is an aluminum service gate with circular designs. The bridge, which carries the Guggenheim's second story, projects at the museum's southwest corner. The museum's name stretches along the bottom edge of the bridge's Fifth Avenue facade. The main gallery rises above the southern part of the bridge; it consists of

6020-651: The restoration of the museum's auditorium, which was renamed the Peter B. Lewis Theater after the project was completed the next year. Lewis donated an additional $ 50 million in 1998, and several other trustees, including Perelman, increased their donations. The museum opened an arts center in the basement in 2001; originally named for the Sackler family , it was renamed the Gail May Engelberg Center for Arts Education in 2022. Also in 2001, as part of

6106-542: The scaffolding on the facade was removed by that August. Meanwhile, Wright published drawings of the design in several architectural magazines, as he feared the design would be compromised after his death. Against his request, Sweeney painted the walls white, and hung paintings from metal bars instead of placing them directly on the walls. The building was Wright's last major work; he died in April 1959, six months before its opening. The building soft-opened for members of

6192-547: The second floor was named the Hugo Boss Gallery in 1996; since 2000, only the winning artist has shown his or her work. The Guggenheim Foundation discontinued the prize in 2022. 1996 The first Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to Matthew Barney , an American filmmaker and sculptor. The other nominees were: 1998 Douglas Gordon , a Scottish video artist, won the second Hugo Boss prize. The other nominees were: 2000 The third Hugo Boss Prize went to Marjetica Potrč ,

6278-551: The site, at 1071 Fifth Avenue, for the museum's use. Guggenheim's health was in decline, but he refused Wright's offer to downsize the planned building so it could be completed during Guggenheim's lifetime. After Guggenheim died in 1949, members of the Guggenheim family on the foundation's board of directors had personal and philosophical differences with Rebay. Under Rebay's leadership, the museum had become what Aline B. Saarinen described as an "esoteric, occult place in which

6364-520: The six-story main gallery to the south and the smaller "monitor" to the north, which are connected by a "bridge" on the second story. The ten-story rectangular annex, to the northeast, appears behind the spiraling structures as viewed from Central Park. The building embodies Wright's attempts "to render the inherent plasticity of organic forms in architecture". Wright's design included details inspired by nature, although it also expresses his take on modernist architecture's rigid geometry. Wright described

6450-523: The works in Rebay's collections, the Guggenheim also sold off some modern artwork, including several Kandinsky works. To accommodate the expanding collection, in 1963, the Guggenheim announced plans for a four-story annex, which the New York City Board of Standards and Appeals approved the next year. The annex was downsized to two stories in 1966 due to complaints from local residents, and

6536-494: The works placed in storage under Rebay's leadership. In 1953, the museum hosted a retrospective of Wright's work, "Sixty Years of Living Architecture", in a temporary pavilion Wright had designed. Sweeney and Wright had a strained relationship, as they disagreed over basic elements of the museum's plan. Sweeney, who believed its architecture should be subservient to the art, forced Wright to redesign it to accommodate more offices and storage facilities. The building's lighting

6622-471: Was a significant point of contention between them. The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) also rejected Wright's application for a construction permit in 1953 because the design did not meet building codes. Wright tasked Holden with ensuring that the design met codes and published revised drawings in 1954 and 1956. Museum staff nevertheless complained that Wright's design did not provide enough storage or laboratory space. To save money, he modified

6708-508: Was awarded to the British artist Tacita Dean . The other nominees were: 2008 The seventh Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to Palestinian Emily Jacir . The other nominees were: 2010 The eighth Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to the German artist Hans-Peter Feldmann who chose to pin the prize money to the walls of the Guggenheim. The other nominees were: 2012 The ninth Hugo Boss Prize

6794-522: Was awarded to the South Korean conceptual artist Anicka Yi . The other nominees were: 2018 The twelfth Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to Simone Leigh , an American interdisciplinary multimedia artist. The other nominees were: 2020 The thirteenth Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to Deana Lawson , an American photographer. The other nominees were: Guggenheim Soho The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , often referred to as The Guggenheim ,

6880-591: Was awarded to the Vietnamese artist Danh Vo . The other nominees were: 2014 The tenth Hugo Boss Prize was awarded to the American artist Paul Chan . Other nominated artists were: In March 2014, nominee Steve McQueen withdrew his name from consideration for the Hugo Boss Prize because of the demands of promoting his Oscar -winning movie 12 Years A Slave . 2016 The eleventh Hugo Boss prize

6966-403: Was completed in 1959. It consists of a six-story, bowl-shaped main gallery to the south, a four-story "monitor" to the north, and a ten-story annex to the northeast. A six-story helical ramp extends along the main gallery's perimeter, under a central ceiling skylight. The Thannhauser Collection is housed within the top three stories of the monitor, and there are additional galleries in the annex and

7052-425: Was completed in 1968. This freed up space on the main gallery's top two levels, which had been used as workshops and storage space ever since the building opened. Museum officials opened the top levels to the public in 1968. In 1971, with increasing costs and decreasing endowment income, the Guggenheim recorded a large deficit for the first time in its history. Additionally, although Wright had included space for

7138-423: Was not considered "an especially controversial director", though he also did not adhere to "the blockbuster school of exhibiting". When Messer joined the Guggenheim, the museum's ability to present artworks was still doubted because of the tilted and curved walls. Almost immediately after becoming director, in 1962, he put on a large exhibition that combined the Guggenheim's paintings with sculptures on loan from

7224-511: Was once a small New York institution into a worldwide brand, creating the first truly multinational arts institution. ... Krens transformed the Guggenheim into one of the best-known brand names in the arts." The museum cut back its operating hours in 1994, causing a 25 percent decline in annual attendance, even as the city's other art museums saw increased attendance. Samuel J. LeFrak announced in December 1993 that he would donate $ 10 million,

7310-465: Was restored, the 88th Street wing was converted from a conservation laboratory to a restaurant, and additional exhibition space was created at the top of the main gallery. The 89th Street annex was built as part of this project, and the basement was extended under Fifth Avenue. The windows were replaced, and the clerestory windows along the ramp were unsealed and restored to their original design. The building's exhibition space roughly doubled, allowing

7396-517: Was to receive a 10 percent commission on the project, which was expected to cost at least $ 1 million. It took him 15 years, more than 700 sketches, and six sets of working drawings to create and complete the museum, after a series of difficulties and delays; the cost eventually doubled from the initial estimate. Rebay envisioned a space that would facilitate a new way of seeing modern art. She wrote Wright that "each of these great masterpieces should be organized into space, and only you ... would test

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