124-529: IAAF World Challenge [REDACTED] Sport Track and field Founded 2010 Ceased 2019 Continent global Official website IAAF World Challenge The IAAF World Challenge was an annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). First held in 2010, it replaced
248-482: A Croatian administrative division —it comprises a consolidated city-county (but separate from Zagreb County ), and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts . Most of the city districts lie at a low elevation along the valley of the river Sava , but northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain, making
372-603: A gasworks . The Zagreb waterworks opened in 1878. After the 1880 Zagreb earthquake , up to the 1914 outbreak of World War I , development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today. The first horse-drawn tram dated from 1891. The construction of railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into Donji Grad , characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in Central European cities. This bustling core includes many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as
496-508: A metathesis of * Zabreg , which would originate from Old Slavic breg (see Proto-Slavic * bergъ ) in the sense of "riverbank", referring to River Sava. This metathesis has been attested in Kajkavian , but the meaning of "riverbank" is lost in modern Croatian and folk etymology associates it instead with breg "hill", ostensibly referring to Medvednica. Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy similarly uses metathesis to construct * Chaprakov(o) ,
620-443: A sandpit . The athletes must jump before a marked line and their achieved distance is measured from the nearest point of sand disturbed by the athlete's body. The athletics competition at the first Olympics featured a men's long jump competition and a women's competition was introduced at the 1948 Summer Olympics . Professional long jumpers typically have strong acceleration and sprinting abilities. However, athletes must also have
744-439: A water jump on each lap. Despite the long history of men's steeplechase in track and field, the women's steeplechase only gained World Championship status in 2005, with its first Olympic appearance in 2008. The long jump is one of the oldest track and field events, having its roots as one of the events within the ancient Greek pentathlon contest. The athletes would take a short run up and jump into an area of dug up earth, with
868-501: A 120-yard race (110 m) with ten hurdles of 3-foot and 6 inches (1.06 m) in height (each placed 10 yards (9 m) apart), with the first and final hurdles 15 yards from the start and finish, respectively. French organisers adapted the race into metric (adding 28 cm) and the basics of this race, the men's 110 metres hurdles , has changed little. The origin of the 400 metres hurdles also lies in Oxford, where around 1860
992-402: A certain distance. There are two types of field events: jumps and throws. In jumping competitions, athletes are judged on either the length or height of the jumps. The performances of jumping events for distance are measured from a board or marker, and overstepping this mark is judged as a foul. In the jumps for height, an athlete must clear their body over a crossbar without knocking the bar off
1116-439: A combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor; the most prominent team events are relay races , which typically feature teams of four. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the men's and women's competitions are usually held at the same venue. Recently, "mixed" relay events have been introduced into meets, whereby two men and two women make up
1240-482: A competition was held over 440 yards and twelve 1.06 m high wooden barriers were placed along the course. The modern regulations stem from the 1900 Summer Olympics : the distance was fixed to 400 m while ten 3-foot (91.44 cm) hurdles were placed 35 m apart on the track, with the first and final hurdles being 45 m and 40 m away from the start and finish, respectively. Women's hurdles are slightly lower at 84 cm (2 ft 9 in) for
1364-516: A consistent stride to allow them to take off near the board while still maintaining their maximum speed. In addition to the traditional long jump, a standing long jump contest exists which requires that athletes leap from a static position without a run-up. A men's version of this event featured on the Olympic programme from 1900 to 1912. As of 2024 , the men's long jump world record is held by Mike Powell , jumping 8.95 meters in 1991. Similar to
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#17327649244761488-676: A crowd of over ten thousand people. In response, the Amateur Athletic Club was formed that same year and held a championship for "gentlemen amateurs" in an attempt to reclaim the sport for the educated elite. Ultimately the "allcomers" ethos of the NOA won through and in 1880 the AAC was reconstituted as the Amateur Athletic Association , the first national body for the sport of athletics . The AAA Championships ,
1612-455: A cushioned landing area. The men's high jump was included in the 1896 Olympics and a women's competition followed in 1928. Jumping technique has played a significant part in the history of the event. High jumpers typically cleared the bar feet first in the late 19th century, using either the Scissors , Eastern cut-off or Western roll technique. The straddle technique became prominent in
1736-623: A decade later, the first Wenlock Olympian Games were held at Much Wenlock racecourse in 1851. It included a "half-mile foot race" (805 m) and a "leaping in distance" competition. In 1865, Dr William Penny Brookes of Wenlock helped set up the National Olympian Association , which held their first Olympian Games in 1866 at the Crystal Palace in London. This national event was a great success, attracting
1860-522: A diocese. Alongside the bishop's see , the canonical settlement Kaptol developed north of Zagreb Cathedral , as did the fortified settlement Gradec on the neighbouring hill, with the border between the two formed by the Medveščak stream. Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town ( Gornji Grad ) and is one of the best-preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. Both settlements came under Tatar attack in 1242. As
1984-879: A fully professional competition with the introduction of prize money in 1997, and in 1998 the IAAF Golden League —an annual series of major track and field meetings in Europe—raised the economic incentive through its US$ 1 million jackpot. In 2010, the series was replaced by the more lucrative Diamond League , a fourteen-meeting series held in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Middle East—the first-ever worldwide annual series of track and field meetings. Track and field events are divided into three categories: track events, field events and combined events. The majority of athletes tend to specialize in one event type with
2108-500: A largely amateur sport, as this rule was strictly enforced: Jim Thorpe was stripped of his track and field medals from the 1912 Olympics after it was revealed that he had taken expense money for playing baseball, violating Olympic amateurism rules. His medals were reinstated 29 years after his death. That same year, the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was established as
2232-403: A leg) before handing over a baton to a teammate, who then begins their leg. There is usually a designated area where athletes must exchange the baton. Teams may be disqualified if they fail to complete the change within the area, or if the baton is dropped during the race. A team may also be disqualified if its runners are deemed to have wilfully impeded other competitors. Relay races emerged in
2356-502: A long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 4–8 floors tall. Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years, such as permitting the construction of high-rise buildings in Lanište or Kajzerica. The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since
2480-695: A masculine activity. On 9 November 1895, the first women's track meet in the United States was held and it was called "a field day". Alice Milliat argued for the inclusion of women at the Olympics, but the International Olympic Committee refused. She founded the International Women's Sports Federation in 1921 and, alongside a growing women's sports movement in Europe and North America, the group initiated of
2604-577: A multitude of museums, theatres, and cinemas. An electric-power plant was built in 1907. Since 1 January 1877, the Grič cannon fires daily from the Lotrščak Tower on Grič to mark midday. The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighborhoods like Stara Peščenica in the east and Črnomerec in the west grew up. The Rokov perivoj neighbourhood, noted for its Art Nouveau features,
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#17327649244762728-668: A new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, Eurotower , HOTO Tower , Zagrebtower , Sky Office Tower and the tallest high-rise building in Zagreb Strojarska Business Center . In Novi Zagreb , the neighbourhoods of Blato and Lanište expanded significantly, including the Zagreb Arena and the adjoining business centre. Due to
2852-483: A number of different track and field events. Points are given for their performance in each event and the athlete or team with the highest score at the end of all events is the winner. Races over short distances, or sprints , are among the oldest running competitions. The first 13 editions of the Ancient Olympic Games featured only one event, the stadion race , which was a race from one end of
2976-399: A number of occasions in the 1940s. The prominence of the distances were maintained by Roger Bannister , who in 1954 was the first to run the long-elusive four-minute mile , and Jim Ryun 's exploits served to popularise interval training . Races between British rivals Sebastian Coe , Steve Ovett and Steve Cram characterised middle-distance running in the 1980s. From the 1990s until
3100-564: A number of other smaller communities. After the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, thousands of foreign workers immigrated to Zagreb due to the shortage of labor force in Croatia. These workers primarily come from countries such as Nepal , the Philippines , India , and Bangladesh , as well as some European countries including Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbia , Kosovo and North Macedonia . List of districts by area and population in 2021. Since 14 December 1999 City of Zagreb
3224-508: A precipitation decrease pattern. February is the driest month, averaging 39 mm of precipitation. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with the first snow usually falling in early December. However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably. Spring is characterized by often pleasant but changeable weather. As the season progresses, sunny days become more frequent, bringing higher temperatures. Sometimes cold spells can occur as well, mostly in
3348-573: A putative Slavicisation of a Hungarian hypocorism for " Cyprian ", similar to the etymology of Csepreg , Hungary. The most likely derivation is * Zagrębъ in the sense of "embankment" or "rampart", i.e. remains of the 1st millennium fortifications on Grič . In Middle Latin and Modern Latin , Zagreb is known as Agranum (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in Strabo ), Zagrabia or Mons Graecensis (also Mons Crecensis , in reference to Grič (Gradec) ). The most common folk etymology derives
3472-406: A real danger of strong earthquakes. Croatian Chief of Office of Emergency Management Pavle Kalinić stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded. In 2020 the city experienced a 5.5 magnitude earthquake , which damaged various buildings in
3596-586: A sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Tatars, the Croatian and Hungarian King Béla IV granted Gradec the Golden Bull of 1242 , which gave its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as their own judicial system . The development of Kaptol began in 1094 after the foundation of the diocese , while the growth of Gradec began after the Golden Bull was issued in 1242. In
3720-533: A square throwing area of seven feet (2.13 m) on each side. This was amended to a circle area with a seven-foot diameter in 1906, and the weight of the shot was standardised to 16 pounds (7.26 kg). Throwing technique was also refined over this period, with bent arm throws being banned as they were deemed too dangerous and the side-step and throw technique arising in the United States in 1876. Zagreb Zagreb ( / ˈ z ɑː ɡ r ɛ b / ZAH -greb Croatian: [zǎːɡreb] )
3844-414: A strip of track, plant the pole in the metal box, and vault over the horizontal bar before letting go of the pole and falling backwards onto the landing mattress. While earlier versions used wooden, metal or bamboo, modern poles are generally made from artificial materials such as fibreglass or carbon fibre . The pole vault has been an Olympic event since 1896 for men, but it was over 100 years later that
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3968-511: A women's version gained World Championship status and went on to have its first Olympic appearance three years later. The men's standing triple jump event featured at the Olympics in 1900 and 1904, but such competitions have since become very uncommon, although it is still used as a non-competitive exercise drill. The Current world record for the Men's triple jump is 18.29 meter (60 ft 0in) held by Jonathan Edwards. The current women's world record
4092-462: A world best in 1983, Olympic champions Michael Johnson and Donovan Bailey went head-to-head over the distance in 1997, and Usain Bolt improved Mennea's record in 2009. The most common middle-distance track events are the 800 metres , 1500 metres and mile run , although the 3000 metres may also be classified as a middle-distance event. The 880 yard run , or half mile, was the forebear of
4216-509: Is 1,217,150. Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman times. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia , in today's Šćitarjevo . The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242. In 1851, Janko Kamauf became Zagreb's first mayor . Zagreb has special status as
4340-509: Is 15.67 meters (51 ft 4 3/4in) held by Yulimar Rojas. The first recorded instances of high jumping competitions were in Scotland in the 19th century. Further competitions were organised in 1840 in England and in 1865 the basic rules of the modern event were standardised there. Athletes have a short run up and then take off from one foot to jump over a horizontal bar and fall back onto
4464-495: Is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running , jumping , and throwing skills. The name used in North America is derived from where the sport takes place, a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping events. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics , which also includes road running , cross country running and racewalking . In British English
4588-477: Is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living , museums , sporting, and entertainment events. Major branches of Zagreb's economy include high-tech industries and the service sector . The etymology of the name Zagreb is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the Zagreb Diocese since the 12th century and was increasingly used for
4712-506: Is abundant and it mainly falls during thunderstorms. With 840 mm of precipitation per year, Zagreb is Europe's ninth wettest capital, receiving less precipitation than Luxembourg but more than Brussels , Paris or London . Compared to these cities, however, Zagreb has fewer rainy days, but the annual rainfall is higher due to heavier showers occurring mainly in late spring and summer. Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in
4836-476: Is incorrect, suggesting that the belief stems from a mythologised account of Phayllus of Croton having jumped 55 ancient feet (around 16.3 m). The Book of Leinster , a 12th-century Irish manuscript, records the existence of geal-ruith (triple jump) contests at the Tailteann Games . The men's triple jump competition has been ever-present at the modern Olympics, but it was not until 1993 that
4960-399: Is run in some levels of American competition. Outside of the hurdles events, the steeplechase race is the other track and field event with obstacles. Just as the hurdling events, the steeplechase finds its origin in student competition in Oxford, England. However, this event was born as a human variation on the original steeplechase competition found in horse racing . A steeplechase event
5084-483: Is the capital and largest city of Croatia . It is in the north of the country , along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 158 m (518 ft) above sea level . At the 2021 census, the city itself had a population of 767,131, while the population of Zagreb metropolitan area
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5208-417: Is the oldest running club in the world, with written records going back to 1831 and evidence that it was established by 1819. The school organised Paper Chase races in which runners followed a trail of paper shreds left by two "foxes"; even today RSSH runners are called "hounds" and a race victory is a "kill". The first definite record of Shrewsbury's cross-country Annual Steeplechase is in 1834, making it
5332-559: Is the seat of the central government , administrative bodies , and almost all government ministries . Almost all of the largest Croatian companies , media , and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia: here Central Europe , the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia . It
5456-602: Is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the Manduševac well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: Zagrabi, Mando! ("Scoop, Manda!"). The oldest known settlement located near present-day Zagreb, the Roman town of Andautonia , now Ščitarjevo , existed between the 1st and the 5th centuries AD. The first recorded appearance of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1094, at which time
5580-439: Is very common at the elite level, although they are not present at championship level competitions as all qualified competitors want to win. Long-distance track events gained popularity in the 1920s by the achievements of the " Flying Finns ", such as multiple Olympic champion Paavo Nurmi . The successes of Emil Zátopek in the 1950s promoted intense interval training methods, but Ron Clarke 's record-breaking feats established
5704-698: The Ancient Olympic include further running competitions, but the introduction of the Ancient Olympic pentathlon marked a step towards track and field as it is recognized today—it comprised a five-event competition of the long jump , javelin throw , discus throw , stadion footrace, and wrestling . Track and field events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 201 BC. In
5828-706: The First British Track & Field championships for women and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) sponsoring the first American Track & Field championships for women . In China, women's track and field events were being held in the 1920s, but were subject to criticism and disrespect from audiences. Physical education advocate Zhang Ruizhen called for greater equality and participation of women in Chinese track and field. The rise of Kinue Hitomi and her 1928 Olympic medal for Japan signified
5952-1468: The IAAF Grand Prix and IAAF Super Grand Prix series to form the second tier of international one-day meetings, after the IAAF Diamond League . Unlike the Diamond League, the IAAF World Challenge comprised stand-alone meetings, and no overall winners are crowned. The series was made defunct at the end of 2019 and was replaced by the World Athletics Continental Tour , which includes series winners for non-Diamond League events. Editions [ edit ] Edition Year Start date End date Meets Ref. 1 2010 4 March 1 September 13 2 2011 3 March 13 September 14 3 2012 3 March 9 September 14 4 2013 6 April 8 September 15 5 2014 22 March 7 September 13 6 2015 21 March 13 September 13 7 2016 5 March 6 September 12 8 2017 20 May 29 August 9 9 2018 19 May 4 September 9 10 2019 28 April 3 September 9 The Rieti Meeting
6076-653: The Middle Ages the stone put was known in Scotland and the steinstossen was recorded in Switzerland. In the 17th century, cannonball throwing competitions within the English military provided a precursor to the modern sport. The term "shot" originates from the use of round shot -style ammunition for the sport. The modern rules were first laid out in 1860 and required that competitors take legal throws within
6200-552: The Middle Ages , new track and field events began developing in parts of Northern Europe. The stone put and weight throw competitions popular among Celtic societies in Ireland and Scotland were precursors to the modern shot put and hammer throw events. One of the last track and field events to develop was the pole vault , which stemmed from competitions such as fierljeppen in North European Lowlands in
6324-582: The Soviet Union , and early 21st century Russia , as well as prominent individual cases such as those of Olympic gold medallists Ben Johnson and Marion Jones , damaged the public image and marketability of the sport. From the 1990s onward, track and field became increasingly more professional and international, as the IAAF gained over 200 member nations. The IAAF World Championships in Athletics became
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#17327649244766448-4672: The Wayback Machine (archived 2019-11-09) v t e IAAF World Challenge Seasons 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 [REDACTED] Meetings Beijing Belém/Rio Berlin Daegu Dakar Hengelo Kawasaki/Tokyo Kingston Madrid Melbourne Moscow Nanjing Osaka Ostrava Ponce Rabat Rieti Turku Zagreb Zhukovsky v t e Defunct athletics competitions World IAAF Continental Cup IAAF World Road Relay Championships IAAF World Women's Road Race Championships IAAF World U18 Championships World Masters Non-Stadia Championships International Cross Country Championships Goodwill Games Women's World Games World Festival of Youth and Students IAAF World Marathon Cup Commonwealth Mountain and Ultra Distance Running Championships Pacific Conference Games Pacific Ocean Games Regional Africa African Championships Half Marathon Marathon Mountain Running Race Walking African Zone VI Championships Afro-Asian Games Central African Games East Africa Athletics Half Marathon East and Central African Championships Maghreb Championships North Africa Athletics Combined Events and Race Walking West Africa Athletics Cross Country West African Games West and North African Championships Asia Afro-Asian Games Asian University Championships East Asian Games Far Eastern Championship Games West Asian Games Europe Baltic Indoor Baltic Sea Games Europe Cup Indoor Cup Mediterranean Athletics Championships Nordic Indoor Combined Events Indoor Race Walking Junior Race Walking Marathon Women's Cup Americas British West Indies Championships Central American and Caribbean Cross Country Junior Athletics North America 5K Men's Marathon Relay South American University Championships Oceania Australasian Championships South Pacific Championships National Czechoslovakia East Germany Outdoor Indoor Soviet Union Outdoor Indoor Spartakiad United Kingdom AAC Outdoor AAA Outdoor AAA Indoor WAAA Outdoor UK Outdoor West Germany Outdoor Indoor USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series Yugoslavia Cross Country Track and field Seasonal Golden Events Golden Four Grand Prix Grand Prix II Super Grand Prix Final World Athletics Tour Final Golden League World Challenge Indoor Permit Meetings World Cross Challenge Cross Country Permit Meetings Race Walking Challenge Final Hammer Throw Challenge Races Avon International Marathon Mezzalama Skyrace Sapporo Half Marathon The Greatest Race on Earth Yokohama International Women's Ekiden Meetings Adidas Grand Prix Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting Helsinki Grand Prix Malmö Games Meeting Lille-Métropole Meeting Nikaïa Rieti Meeting U.S. Open Track and Field Vardinoyiannia Weltklasse in Köln Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IAAF_World_Challenge&oldid=1236445786 " Categories : IAAF World Challenge Recurring sporting events established in 2010 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2019 Annual athletics series World Athletics competitions Defunct athletics competitions Hidden category: Webarchive template wayback links Track and field Track and field
6572-659: The Women's Olympiad , held annually from 1921 to 1923. In cooperation with the English Women's Amateur Athletic Association (WAAA), the Women's World Games was held four times between 1922 and 1934, as well as a Women's International and British Games in London in 1924. These efforts ultimately led to the introduction of five track and field events for women in the athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics . National women's events were established in this period, with 1923 seeing
6696-756: The Zagreb County . Zagreb metropolitan area makes approximately a quarter of a total population of Croatia . In 1997, the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status, separating it from Zagreb County, although it remains the administrative centre of both. The majority of its citizens are Croats making up 93.53% of the city's population (2021 census). The same census records around 49,605 residents belonging to ethnic minorities : 12,035 Serbs (1.57%), 6,566 Bosniaks (0.86%), 3,475 Albanians (0.45%), 2,167 Romani (0.28%), 1,312 Slovenes (0.17%), 1,036 Macedonians (0.15%), 865 Montenegrins (0.11%), and
6820-566: The athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the World Athletics Championships . World Athletics , formerly known as the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ), is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world , continental, and national levels. However, if athletes are deemed to have violated
6944-626: The de facto British national championships despite being for England only, have been held annually since July 1880 with breaks only during two world wars and 2006–2008. The AAA was effectively a global governing body in the early years of the sport, helping to codify its rules. Meanwhile, the New York Athletic Club in 1876 began holding an annual national competition, the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships . The establishment of general sports governing bodies for
7068-653: The international airport ( Pleso ) were built south of the Sava river. The largest industrial zone (Žitnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city, represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the Sava and the Prigorje region. Zagreb hosted the Summer Universiade in 1987. This event initiated the creation of pedestrian-only zones in the city centre and extensive new sport infrastructure, lacking until then, all around
7192-429: The international governing body for track and field, and it enshrined amateurism as a founding principle for the sport. The National Collegiate Athletic Association held their first Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship in 1921, making it one of the most prestigious competitions for students. In 1923 track and field featured at the inaugural World Student Games . The first continental track and field competition
7316-494: The 100 m event and 76 cm (2 ft 6 in) for the 400 m event. The most common events are the 100 metres hurdles for women, 110 m hurdles for men and 400 m hurdles for both sexes. The men's 110 m has been featured at every modern Summer Olympics while the men's 400 m was introduced in the second edition of the Games. Women's initially competed in the 80 metres hurdles event, which entered
7440-474: The 18th century. Discrete track and field competitions, separate from general sporting festivals , were first recorded in the 19th century. These were typically organised among rival educational institutions , military organisations and sports clubs . Influenced by a Classics -rich curriculum, competitions in the English public schools were conceived as human equivalents of horse racing , fox hunting and hare coursing . The Royal Shrewsbury School Hunt
7564-712: The 1980s, the Soviet Bloc always fielded state-funded athletes who trained full-time, putting American and Western European athletes at a significant disadvantage. 1983 saw the establishment of the IAAF World Championships in Athletics , becoming, with the Olympics, one of track and field's most prestigious competitions. The profile of the sport reached an apogee in the 1980s, with a number of athletes becoming household names, like Carl Lewis , Sergey Bubka , Sebastian Coe , Zola Budd and Florence Griffith Joyner . Many world records were broken then, and
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#17327649244767688-402: The 200 m distances came from the furlong (or 1/8 of a mile ), and the 400 m was the successor to the 440 yard dash or quarter-mile race. At the professional level, sprinters begin the race by assuming a crouching position in the starting blocks before leaning forward and gradually moving into an upright position as the race progresses and momentum is gained. Athletes remain in
7812-783: The 2010s, North Africans such as Noureddine Morceli of Algeria and Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco came to dominate the 1500 and mile events. In the 2020s, Western European athletes have returned to the forefront of the distance, with athletes such as Jakob Ingebrigtsen of Norway , Jake Wightman , and Josh Kerr (both British milers) winning global titles. Beyond the short distances of sprinting events, factors such as an athlete's reactions and top speed becomes less important, while qualities such as pace , tactics and endurance become more so. There are three common long-distance running events in track and field competitions: 3000 , 5000 , and 10,000 metres . The latter two races are both Olympic and World Championship events outdoors, while
7936-1110: The 3000 m is held at the IAAF World Indoor Championships . The 5000 m and 10,000 m events have their historical roots in the 3-mile and 6-mile races. The 3000 m was used as a women's long-distance event, entering the World Championship programme in 1983 and Olympic programme in 1984, but this was abandoned in favour of a women's 5000 m event in 1995. Marathons , while long-distance races, are typically run on street courses, and often are run separately from other track and field events. In terms of competition rules and physical demands, long-distance track races have much in common with middle-distance races, except that pacing, stamina , and tactics become much greater factors in performances. A number of athletes have achieved success in both middle- and long-distance events, including Saïd Aouita who set world records from 1500 m to 5000 m. The use of pace-setters in long-distance events
8060-490: The 800 m distance and it has its roots in competitions in the United Kingdom in the 1830s. The 1500 m came about as a result of running three laps of a 500 m track, which was commonplace in continental Europe in the 20th century. Middle distance events can begin in one of two ways: a staggered start or a waterfall start. In the 800 meter race, athletes begin in individual lanes that are staggered before
8184-449: The Olympic programme in 1932 . This was extended to the 100 m hurdles at the 1972 Olympics, but it was not until 1984 that a women's 400 m hurdles event took place at the Olympics (having been introduced at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics the previous year). Other distances and heights of hurdles, such as the 200 metres hurdles and low hurdles , were once common but are now held infrequently. The 300 metres hurdles
8308-493: The Sava river began, resulting in Novi Zagreb (Croatian for New Zagreb ), originally called "Južni Zagreb" ( Southern Zagreb ). From 1999 Novi Zagreb has comprised two city districts : Novi Zagreb – zapad ( New Zagreb – West ) and Novi Zagreb – istok ( New Zagreb – East ) The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating Dubrava , Podsused, Jarun , Blato , and other settlements. The cargo railway hub and
8432-541: The United States (the Amateur Athletic Union in 1888) and France (the Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques in 1889) put the sport on a formal footing and made international competitions possible. The revival of the Olympic Games at the end of the 19th century marked a new high for track and field. The Olympic athletics programme , comprising track and field events plus a marathon , contained many of
8556-411: The United States in the 1880s as a variation on charity races between firemen , who would hand a red pennant on to teammates every 300 yards. Two very common relay events are the 4×100 metres relay and the 4×400 metres relay . Both entered the Olympic programme at the 1912 Summer Games after a one-off men's medley relay featured in 1908 Olympics. The 4×100 m event is run strictly within
8680-426: The United States, where a number of large meetings (or relay carnivals ) are focused almost solely on relay events. Races with hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in the 19th century in England. The first known event, held in 1830, was a variation of the 100-yard dash that included heavy wooden barriers as obstacles. A competition between the Oxford and Cambridge Athletic Clubs in 1864 refined this, holding
8804-625: The added political element between competitors of the United States, East Germany , and the Soviet Union, during the Cold War , only served to stoke the sport's popularity. The rising commerciality of track and field was also met with developments in sports science , and there were transformations in coaching methods, athlete's diets, training facilities, and sports equipment. The use of performance-enhancing drugs also increased. State-sponsored doping in 1970s and 1980s East Germany , China ,
8928-405: The aim of perfecting their performances, although the aim of combined events athletes is to become proficient in a number of disciplines. Track events involve running on a track over specified distances, and—in the case of the hurdling and steeplechase events—surmounting obstacles. There are also relay races in which teams of athletes run and pass on a baton to their team members at the end of
9052-533: The city existed as two different city centers: the smaller, eastern Kaptol , inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral , and the larger, western Gradec , inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. In 1851 the Ban of Croatia , Josip Jelačić , united Gradec and Kaptol; the name of the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square honors him. While Croatia formed part of Yugoslavia (1918 to 1991), Zagreb remained an important economic centre of that country, and
9176-439: The city in the 17th century. The name is first recorded in a charter by Felician, Archbishop of Esztergom , dated 1134, mentioned as Zagrabiensem episcopatum . The name is probably derived from Proto-Slavic word * grębъ which means "hill" or "uplift". An Old Croatian reconstructed name * Zagrębъ is manifested through the city's former German name, Agram . Some linguists ( e.g. Nada Klaić , Miroslav Kravar ) propose
9300-512: The city's geographical image quite diverse. The city extends over 30 km (19 mi) east-west and around 20 km (12 mi) north-south. Zagreb ranks as a global city , with a 'Beta-' rating from the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The transport connections, the concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb
9424-421: The city. During the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence , the city saw some sporadic fighting around its JNA army barracks , but escaped major damage. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb rocket artillery in two rocket attacks which killed seven civilians and wounded many. An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of Zaprešić , Samobor , Dugo Selo , and Velika Gorica . Sesvete
9548-520: The conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, there were several massacres of the citizens, destruction of houses and looting of citizens. In 1850, Gradec and Kaptol, with surrounding settlements, were united into a single settlement, today's city of Zagreb. There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons, but they were not known as an integrated city, even as Zagreb became
9672-443: The early 17th century, but it is visited during the year. Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes, due to the proximity of Žumberak - Medvednica fault zone. It's classified as an area of high seismic activity. The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake (magnitude 6.3), and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area. The proximity of strong seismic sources presents
9796-555: The event's rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased. In the United States, the term track and field may refer to other athletics events, such as cross country , the marathon , and road running , rather than strictly track-based events. The sport of track and field has prehistoric roots, being among the oldest of sporting competitions , as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal human physical expressions. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events are
9920-448: The first grammar school , the St. Catherine's Church (built 1620-1632 ) and monastery. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology, and law were taught, the forerunner of today's University of Zagreb . During the 17th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and by the plague . In 1776, the royal council (government) moved from Varaždin to Zagreb and during
10044-441: The first women's world championship competition was held at the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships . The first women's Olympic pole vaulting competition occurred in 2000. Track and field contains some of the foremost kinds of throwing sports , and the four major disciplines are the only pure throwing events to feature at the Olympic Games . The genesis of the shot put can be traced to pre-historic competitions with rocks: in
10168-492: The foremost sporting competitions of the 1896 Summer Olympics . The Olympics also consolidated the use of metric measurements in international track and field events, both for race distances and for measuring jumps and throws. The Olympic athletics programme greatly expanded over the next decades, and track and field remained among its most prominent contests. The Olympics was the elite competition for track and field, only open to amateur sportsmen . Track and field continued to be
10292-466: The four-person team. If a race has too many people to run all at once, preliminary heats will be run to narrow down the field of participants. Track and field is one of the oldest sports. In ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece . In modern times, the two most prestigious international track and field competitions are
10416-537: The growth in Olympic-style multi-sport events (such as the Commonwealth Games and Pan-American Games ), competitions between international track and field athletes became widespread. From the 1960s onward, the sport gained exposure and commercial appeal through television coverage and the increasing wealth of nations. After over half a century of amateurism, in the late 1970s the amateur status of
10540-490: The growth of women's track and field in East Asia. More women's events were gradually introduced, though it was only towards the end of the century that the athletics programmes approached gender parity. Marking an increasingly inclusive approach to the sport, major track and field competitions for disabled athletes were first introduced at the 1960 Summer Paralympics . With the rise of numerous regional championships, and
10664-407: The historic downtown area. The city's iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers. This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive 1880 Zagreb earthquake . Zagreb is by far the largest city in Croatia in terms of population, which was 767,131 in 2021. Zagreb metropolitan area population is slightly above 1.0 million inhabitants, as it includes
10788-466: The history of the city of Zagreb, there have been numerous conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, mainly due to disputed issues of rent collection and due to disputed properties. The first known conflicts took place in the middle of the 13th century and continued with interruptions until 1667. Because of the conflict, it was recorded that the Bishop of Kaptol excommunicated the residents of Gradec twice. In
10912-466: The importance of natural training and even-paced running. The 1990s saw the rise of North and East African runners in long-distance events. Kenyans and Ethiopians, in particular, have since remained dominant in these events. Relay races are the only track and field event in which a team of runners directly compete against other teams. Typically, a team is made up of four runners of the same sex. Each runner completes their specified distance (referred to as
11036-416: The inner lanes while members of slower teams must await the baton on outer lanes. In a shuttle hurdle relay , each of four hurdlers on a team runs the opposite direction from the preceding runner. No batons are used. The IAAF keeps world records for five different types of track relays. As with 4×100 m and 4×400 m events, all races comprise teams of four athletes running the same distances, with
11160-509: The least time. The jumping and throwing events are won by those who achieve the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump , triple jump , high jump , and pole vault , while the most common throwing events are shot put , javelin , discus , and hammer . There are also "combined events" or "multi events", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events. In these, athletes participate in
11284-670: The less commonly contested distances being the 4×200 m , 4×800 m and 4×1500 m relays . Other events include the distance medley relay (comprising legs of 1200, 400, 800, and 1600 metres), which is frequently held in the United States, and a sprint relay, known as the Swedish medley relay , which is popular in Scandinavia and was held at the IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics programme. Relay events have significant participation in
11408-465: The long jump, the triple jump takes place on a track heading towards a sandpit. Originally, athletes would hop on the same leg twice before jumping into the pit, but this was changed to the current "hop, step and jump" pattern from 1900 onwards. There is some dispute over whether the triple jump was contested in ancient Greece: while some historians claim that a contest of three jumps occurred at Ancient Games, others such as Stephen G. Miller believe this
11532-519: The mid-20th century, but Dick Fosbury overturned tradition by pioneering a backwards and head-first technique in the late 1960s – the Fosbury Flop – which won him the gold at the 1968 Olympics . This technique has become the overwhelming standard for the sport from the 1980s onwards. The standing high jump was contested at the Olympics from 1900 to 1912, but is now relatively uncommon outside of its use as an exercise drill. In terms of sport,
11656-458: The name of the city has been from the verb stem za - grab- , meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". A folk legend illustrating this derivation, attested but discarded as a serious etymology by Ivan Tkalčić , ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which Augustin Kažotić (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water. In another legend, a city governor
11780-619: The north is the Medvednica Mountain ( Croatian : Zagrebačka gora ), with its highest peak Sljeme (1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, Zagreb TV Tower is located. The Sava and the Kupa valleys are to the south of Zagreb, and the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje is located on the other (northern) side of the Medvednica hill. In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first World Ski Championship tournament . From
11904-675: The oldest running race of the modern era. The school also lays claim to the oldest track and field meeting still extant, the Second Spring Meeting first documented in 1840. This featured a series of throwing and jumping events with mock horse races including the Derby Stakes, the Hurdle Race and the Trial Stakes. Runners were entered by "owners" and named as though they were horses. 13 miles (21 km) away and
12028-408: The pole and athletes began clearing the bar with their feet first and twisting so that the stomach faces the bar. Bamboo poles were introduced in the 20th century and a metal box in the runway for planting the pole became standard. Landing mattresses were introduced in the mid-20th century to protect the athletes who were clearing increasingly greater heights. The modern event sees athletes run down
12152-551: The political center, and the regional Sabor ( Latin : Congregatio Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae ) representing Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia , first convened at Gradec. Zagreb became the Croatian capital in 1557, with city also being chosen as the seat of the Ban of Croatia in 1621 under ban Nikola IX Frankopan . At the invitation of the Croatian Parliament , the Jesuits came to Zagreb and built
12276-584: The prehistoric period, as witnessed by archaeological findings in the Veternica cave from the Paleolithic and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Šćitarjevo. Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica, Šestine, Gračani, and Remete, maintain their rich traditions, including folk costumes, Šestine umbrellas, and gingerbread products. To
12400-425: The quickest route to the finish. Physiologically, middle-distance events demand that athletes have good aerobic and anaerobic energy producing systems , and also that they have strong endurance . The 1500 m and mile run events have historically been some of the most prestigious track and field events. Swedish rivals Gunder Hägg and Arne Andersson broke each other's 1500 m and mile world records on
12524-664: The reign of the Emperor Joseph II Zagreb became the headquarters of the Varaždin and Karlovac general command. In the 19th century, Zagreb was the center of the Croatian National Revival and saw the foundation of important cultural and historic institutions. In 1850, the town was united under its first mayor – Janko Kamauf . The first railway line to connect Zagreb with Zidani Most and Sisak opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received
12648-594: The same lane on the running track throughout all sprinting events, with the sole exception of the indoor 400 m. Races up to 100 m are largely focused upon acceleration to an athlete's maximum speed. All sprints beyond this distance increasingly incorporate an element of endurance. Human physiology dictates that a runner's near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than thirty seconds or so because lactic acid builds up once leg muscles begin to suffer oxygen deprivation. Top speed can only be maintained for up to 20 metres. Japanese man Hidekichi Miyazaki
12772-440: The same lane on the track, meaning that the team collectively runs one complete circuit of the track. Teams in a 4×400 m event remain in their own lane until the runner of the second leg passes the first bend, at which point runners can leave their lanes and head towards the inmost part of the circuit. For the second and third baton changeovers, teammates must align themselves in respect of their team position – leading teams take
12896-595: The season's early stages. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around 1 °C (34 °F) (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) in July 1950, and lowest was −27.3 °C (−17.1 °F) in February 1956. A temperature of −30.5 °C (−22.9 °F)
13020-429: The season. Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decrease in daily temperature averages. Morning fog is common from mid-October to January, with northern city districts at the foothills of the Medvednica mountain as well as south-central districts along the Sava river being more prone to longer fog accumulation. Winters are relatively cold, bringing overcast skies and
13144-627: The sport began to be displaced by professionalism . As a result, the Amateur Athletic Union was dissolved in the US and replaced with a non-amateur body focused on the sport of athletics: The Athletics Congress (later USA Track and Field ). The IAAF abandoned amateurism in 1982 and later rebranded itself as the International Association of Athletics Federations. While Western countries were limited to amateurs until
13268-402: The stadium to the other. Sprinting events are focused on athletes reaching and sustaining their quickest possible running speed. Three sprinting events are currently held at the Olympics and outdoor World Championships: the 100 , 200 , and 400 metres . These events have their roots in races of imperial measurements that later changed to metric: the 100 metres evolved from the 100-yard dash ,
13392-429: The summit, weather permitting, the vista reaches as far as Velebit Range along Croatia's rocky northern coast, as well as the snow-capped peaks of the towering Julian Alps in neighboring Slovenia . There are several lodging villages, offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers. Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts, and a chairlift. The old Medvedgrad , a recently restored medieval burg
13516-407: The supporting standards. The majority of jumping events are unaided, although athletes propel themselves vertically with purpose-built sticks in the pole vault . The throwing events involve hurling an implement (such as a heavyweight, javelin or discus) from a set point, with athletes being judged on the distance that the object is thrown. Combined events involve the same group of athletes contesting
13640-423: The term athletics is synonymous with American track and field and includes all jumping events. Outside of Canada and the United States, athletics is the official term for this sport with 'track' and 'field' events being subgroups of athletics events. The foot racing events, which include sprints , middle- and long-distance events , racewalking , and hurdling , are won by the athlete who completes it in
13764-747: The town. In 1926, the first radio station in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the Zagreb Fair opened. During World War II, Zagreb became the capital of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945), which was backed by Nazi Germany and by the Italians . The history of Zagreb in World War II became rife with incidents of régime terror and resistance sabotage - the Ustaša régime had thousands of people executed during
13888-416: The turn. Runners must remain in their lanes for the first 100 m before cutting in to run as a pack. This rule was introduced to reduce jostling between runners in the early stages of the race. The 1500 meter and longer events typically use a waterfall start, where runners start the race from a standing position along a curved starting line and then immediately cut in towards the innermost track to follow
14012-649: The use of poles for vaulting distances was recorded in Fierljeppen contests in the Frisian area of Europe, and vaulting for height was seen at gymnastics competitions in Germany in the 1770s. One of the earliest recorded pole vault competitions was in Cumbria , England in 1843. The basic rules and technique of the event originated in the United States. The rules required that athletes do not move their hands along
14136-590: The war in and near the city. Partisans took the city at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb functioned as the capital of the Socialist Republic of Croatia , one of the six constituent socialist republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The area between the railway and the Sava river witnessed a new construction-boom after World War II. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of
14260-415: The winner being the one who jumped farthest. Small weights ( Halteres ) were held in each hand during the jump then swung back and dropped near the end to gain extra momentum and distance. The modern long jump, standardised in England and the United States around 1860, bears resemblance to the ancient event although no weights are used. Athletes sprint along a length of track that leads to a jumping board and
14384-525: Was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the Shrine of the Homeland , a memorial with an eternal flame , where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for homeland in its history, customarily on national holidays . The ruined medieval fortress Susedgrad is located on the far-western side of Medvednica hill. It has been abandoned since
14508-408: Was established at the start of the century. After the war, working-class districts such as Trnje emerged between the railway and the Sava , whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of Medvednica was completed between the two World Wars . In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of
14632-404: Was held on a track for the 1879 English championships and the 1900 Summer Olympics featured men's 2500 m and 4000 m steeplechase races. The event was held over various distances until the 1920 Summer Olympics marked the rise of the 3000 metres steeplechase as the standard event. The IAAF set the standards of the event in 1954, and the event is held on a 400 m circuit that includes
14756-9760: Was included in the original series schedule in 2016, but was later cancelled Meetings [ edit ] Meeting City Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Years Golden Spike Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic X X X X X X X X X X 10 Fanny Blankers-Koen Games Hengelo Netherlands X X X X X X X X X X 10 ISTAF Berlin Berlin Germany X X X X X X X X X X 10 Hanžeković Memorial Zagreb Croatia X X X X X X X X X X 10 Meeting de Atletismo Madrid Madrid Spain X X X X X X X X X — 9 Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo Belém Brazil X X X X X — X X X X 9 Golden Grand Prix Kawasaki Japan — X X X X X X X X X 9 Jamaica International Invitational Kingston Jamaica — X X X X X X X X X 9 Rieti Meeting Rieti Italy X X X X X X X — — — 7 Melbourne Track Classic Melbourne Australia X X X X X X X — — — 7 Meeting de Rabat Rabat Morocco X X X X X X — — — — 6 Ponce Grand Prix de Atletismo Ponce Puerto Rico — — X X X X — — — — 6 IAAF World Challenge Dakar Dakar Senegal X X — X — X X — — — 5 IAAF World Challenge Beijing Beijing China — — — X X X X — — — 4 Paavo Nurmi Games Turku Finland — — — — — — — X X X 3 Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting Daegu South Korea X X X — — — — — — — 3 Moscow Challenge Moscow Russia — — X X — — — — — — 2 Brothers Znamensky Memorial Zhukovsky Russia X X — — — — — — — — 2 Osaka Grand Prix Osaka Japan X — — — — — — — — — 1 Nanjing World Challenge Nanjing China — — — — — — — — — X 1 Series records [ edit ] Men [ edit ] Event Record Name Date Place Ref. 100 m 9.78 (+0.9 m/s) [REDACTED] Nesta Carter ( JAM ) 2010 Rieti 200 m 19.77 (+0.0 m/s) [REDACTED] Isaac Makwala ( BOT ) 2017 Madrid 300 m 30.81 [REDACTED] Wayde van Niekerk ( RSA ) 2017 Ostrava 400 m 44.16 [REDACTED] LaShawn Merritt ( USA ) 2014 Ostrava 800 m 1:41.01 [REDACTED] David Rudisha ( KEN ) 2010 Rieti 1500 m 3:29.90 [REDACTED] Nixon Chepseba ( KEN ) 2012 Hengelo Mile 3:56.95 [REDACTED] Charlie Grice ( GBR ) 20 June 2019 Ostrava 3000 m 7:28.70 [REDACTED] Tariku Bekele ( ETH ) 2010 Rieti 5000 m 12:57.56 [REDACTED] Telahun Haile Bekele ( ETH ) 2019 Hengelo 110 m hurdles 12.97 (+1.2 m/s) [REDACTED] Aries Merritt ( USA ) 2012 Berlin 400 m hurdles 47.66 [REDACTED] L. J. van Zyl ( RSA ) 2011 Ostrava 3000 m steeplechase 8:02.55 [REDACTED] Paul Kipsiele Koech ( KEN ) 2011 Ostrava High jump 2.40 m [REDACTED] Bohdan Bondarenko ( UKR ) 2014 Tokyo Pole vault 5.92 m [REDACTED] Renaud Lavillenie ( FRA ) 2013 Ostrava Long jump 8.66 m (+1.0 m/s) [REDACTED] Juan Miguel Echevarría ( CUB ) 13 June 2018 Ostrava Triple jump 17.57 m (-1.1 m/s) [REDACTED] Christian Taylor ( USA ) 2017 Ostrava Shot put 22.28 m [REDACTED] Ryan Crouser ( USA ) 2016 Zagreb Discus throw 71.84 m [REDACTED] Piotr Małachowski ( POL ) 2013 Hengelo Hammer throw 83.44 m [REDACTED] Paweł Fajdek ( POL ) 2017 Ostrava Javelin throw 91.28 m [REDACTED] Thomas Röhler ( GER ) 2016 Turku Women [ edit ] Event Record Name Date Place Ref. 100 m 10.76 (+1.1 m/s) [REDACTED] Veronica Campbell-Brown ( JAM ) 2011 Ostrava 200 m 22.02 (-0.3 m/s) [REDACTED] Dafne Schippers ( NED ) 2016 Hengelo 300 m 34.41 [REDACTED] Shaunae Miller-Uibo ( BAH ) 2019 Ostrava 400 m 49.95 [REDACTED] Sanya Richards-Ross ( USA ) 2015 Kingston 800 m 1:55.68 [REDACTED] Caster Semenya ( RSA ) 2016 Berlin 1500 m 3:56.14 [REDACTED] Sifan Hassan ( NED ) 2017 Hengelo Mile 4:22.45 [REDACTED] Marta Pen ( POR ) 2018 Berlin 3000 m 8:22.22 [REDACTED] Almaz Ayana ( ETH ) 2015 Rabat 5000 m 14:37.22 [REDACTED] Margaret Chelimo Kipkemboi ( KEN ) 9 June 2019 Hengelo 100 m hurdles 12.39 (+2.0 m/s) [REDACTED] Jasmin Stowers ( USA ) 2015 Kingston 400 m hurdles 53.32 [REDACTED] Zuzana Hejnová ( CZE ) 2013 Ostrava 2000 m steeplechase 5:52.80 [REDACTED] Gesa-Felicitas Krause ( GER ) 1 September 2019 Berlin 3000 m steeplechase 9:03.70 [REDACTED] Norah Jeruto ( KEN ) 2017 Berlin High jump 2.06 m [REDACTED] Mariya Lasitskene ( RUS ) 20 June 2019 Ostrava Pole vault 4.90 m [REDACTED] Yarisley Silva ( CUB ) 2013 Hengelo Long jump 6.96 m (+1.1 m/s) [REDACTED] Ivana Španović ( SRB ) 2016 Zagreb Triple jump 15.02 m (-0.4 m/s) [REDACTED] Yulimar Rojas ( VEN ) 2016 Madrid Shot put 20.88 m [REDACTED] Valerie Adams ( NZL ) 2013 Ostrava Discus throw 70.83 m [REDACTED] Sandra Perković ( CRO ) 2017 Zagreb Hammer throw 79.72 m [REDACTED] Anita Włodarczyk ( POL ) 2017 Ostrava Javelin throw 70.53 m [REDACTED] Mariya Abakumova ( RUS ) 2013 Berlin References [ edit ] ^ IAAF Diamond League reaches agreement on meetings for 2020 season . IAAF (2019-10-21). Retrieved 2019-10-23. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2010 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2011 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2012 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2013 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2014 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2015 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2016 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2017 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2018 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ IAAF World Challenge Calendar 2019 . IAAF. Retrieved 2019-09-01. ^ Bob Ramsak (20 June 2019). "Miller-Uibo breaks 300m world best, Lasitskene tops 2.06m and Kirt joins 90-metre club in Ostrava" . IAAF . Retrieved 7 September 2019 . ^ "Long Jump Results" (PDF) . zlatatretra.cz . 13 June 2018 . Retrieved 21 June 2018 . ^ Eric Roeske (10 June 2019). "Victories for Kendricks, Kipkemboi and Bekele in Hengelo" . IAAF . Retrieved 7 September 2019 . ^ "Krause smashes 2000m steeplechase world best in Berlin" . IAAF . 1 September 2019 . Retrieved 8 September 2019 . ^ Bob Ramsak (20 June 2019). "Miller-Uibo breaks 300m world best, Lasitskene tops 2.06m and Kirt joins 90-metre club in Ostrava" . IAAF . Retrieved 7 September 2019 . External links [ edit ] IAAF World Challenge website at
14880-520: Was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940. The most important historical high-rise constructions are Neboder (1958) on Ban Jelačić Square , Cibona Tower (1987), and Zagrepčanka (1976) on Savska Street, Mamutica in Travno ( Novi Zagreb – istok district, built in 1974) and Zagreb TV Tower on Sljeme (built in 1973). In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved
15004-487: Was the 1919 South American Championships , followed by the European Athletics Championships in 1934. Until the early 1920s, track and field was almost an exclusively male pursuit. Many colleges required women to participate in walking events. Walking was considered to be a primarily female sport. In the late 1800s it was still incredibly rare to find women in the gym, as this was considered
15128-719: Was the first and the closest area to become a part of the agglomeration and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district. The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ), bordering a humid continental climate ( Dfb ). Zagreb has four separate seasons. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. In late May it gets significantly warmer, temperatures start rising and it often becomes very warm or even hot with occasional afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Temperatures rise above 30 °C (86 °F) on average 14.6 days each summer. During summertime, rainfall
15252-648: Was the second largest city. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Sabor Republike Hrvatske ) proclaimed Zagreb as the capital of the Republic of Croatia. The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 A.D. when the Hungarian King Ladislaus , returning from his campaign against the Kingdom of Croatia , founded
15376-438: Was the world's oldest competitive sprinter, sprinting the 100m race at 105 years old before his death in 2019. The 60 metres is a common indoor event and indoor world championship event. Less-common events include the 50 , 55 , 300 , and 500 metres , which are run in some high school and collegiate competitions in the United States. The 150 metres , though rarely competed, has a star-studded history: Pietro Mennea set
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