ALBA or ALBA–TCP , formally the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America ( Spanish : Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América ) or the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty ( Spanish : Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos ), is an intergovernmental organization based on the idea of political and economic integration of Latin American and Caribbean countries.
26-460: The abbreviation IACHR is commonly used to refer to either of the two bodies of the inter-American human rights protection system: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Inter-American Court of Human Rights Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title IACHR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
52-631: A concessionary financial agreement. The initiative has provided the Caribbean member states with important hydrocarbon resources, which many do not possess on their territories, in exchange for services and goods. In the case of Cuba , a nation largely deprived of oil since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Petrocaribe has provided oil in exchange for medical doctors. As part of Cuba's efforts to spread its Energy Revolution campaign through ALBA, Cuban social workers traveled to 11 countries in
78-520: A personal capacity and are not considered to represent their countries of origin but rather "all the member countries of the Organization" (Art. 35 of the convention). The convention (Art. 34) says that they must "be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights". No two nationals of the same member state may be commissioners simultaneously (Art. 37), and commissioners are required to refrain from participating in
104-680: Is to provide funding for social welfare programs within these nations. In July 2018, President Lenín Moreno of Ecuador distanced himself from ALBA, stating that the organization "has not worked for a while." In August 2018, Ecuador officially withdrew from ALBA. Karen Longaric , appointed as foreign minister by Jeanine Áñez 's interim government, announced the formal departure of the country from ALBA in November 2019 over "interference" in Bolivia's political crisis . Bolivia remained in ALBA after
130-601: The 2009 Honduran coup d'état . The Caribbean nations Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia also joined. Jamaica , at the invitation of Chávez, and Mexico , at the invitation of Ortega, were invited to join the ALBA countries. Chávez also invited the countries of Central America to join ALBA, and invited Argentina to use SUCRE . In the 11th Summit of ALBA in February 2012, Suriname, Saint Lucia and Haiti requested admission to
156-456: The 2023 ALBA Games . In October 2009, ALBA leaders agreed at a summit in Bolivia to create a virtual currency, named the SUCRE . "The document is approved," said Bolivian President Evo Morales, the summit host. President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez announced "The sucre [is] an autonomous and sovereign monetary system that will be agreed upon today so that it can be implemented in 2010." As of 2015,
182-692: The American Convention on Human Rights . The Convention defines the human rights that the states parties are required to respect and guarantee, and it also ordered the establishment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights . It is currently binding on 24 of the OAS's 35 member states. The commission's performance has not been always welcomed. Among others, Venezuela has accused the Commission of politicization. Others criticize
208-593: The 13th Summit of the Alliance, which occurred in Havana, Cuba. Ecuador withdrew from ALBA in August 2018. Bolivia 's interim government withdrew in November 2019 during the political crisis , but the newly elected government of Luis Arce rejoined following the 2020 Bolivian general election . Amid the international isolation Russia is facing due to the invasion of Ukraine , ALBA invited Russia to participate at
234-602: The Caribbean and Latin America to help develop energy efficiency projects in those countries. Launched in 2005, TeleSUR is a media network that provides news and current affairs broadcasts throughout the ALBA bloc. The network has an internet based television channel and is a cooperative effort between the governments of Venezuela , Cuba and Nicaragua . PETROSUR is an inter-governmental energy alliance between Venezuelan PDVSA , Argentinean YPF , and Brazilian Petrobras nationalized oil companies. The goal of this initiative
260-697: The Grenadines and Venezuela . Suriname was admitted to ALBA as a guest country at a February 2012 summit. The agreement was proposed by the government of Venezuela , led by Hugo Chávez as an alternative to the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA or ALCA in Spanish, an agreement proposed by the United States ), which never materialized. This Cuba–Venezuela Agreement, signed on 14 December 2004, by Presidents Chávez and Fidel Castro ,
286-730: The Mexican government have also objected to Abrão's removal. Tania Reneaum , a Mexican, was appointed as the new Executive Secretary in 2021. Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas Founded initially by Cuba and Venezuela in 2004, it is associated with socialist and social democratic governments wishing to consolidate regional economic integration based on a vision of social welfare, bartering and mutual economic aid. The ten member countries are Antigua and Barbuda , Bolivia , Cuba , Dominica , Grenada , Nicaragua , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and
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#1732772860727312-553: The city of San José, Costa Rica . Together the Court and the Commission make up the human rights protection system of the OAS. The IACHR is a permanent body, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. , United States, and it meets in regular and special sessions several times a year to examine allegations of human rights violations in the hemisphere. Its human rights duties stem from three documents: The inter-American system for
338-798: The commission's stress on certain issues over others. These criticisms have given rise to what was called the "Strengthening Process of the Commission". This process began in 2011, led by the States belonging to the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas . The main task of the IACHR is to promote the observance and defense of human rights in the Americas . In pursuit of this mandate it: The IACHR has created several thematic rapporteurships and two special rapporteurships to monitor OAS states' compliance with inter-American human rights treaties in
364-445: The discussion of cases involving their home countries. Source of IACHR Composition. The staff of the IACHR comprise its Secretariat, which is led by an Executive Secretary, who serves for what have recently been four-year, renewable contracts. In August 2020, OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro announced that he would not renew Paulo Abrão's contract as Executive Secretary of the IACHR, citing 61 personnel complaints by staff of
390-471: The following areas: The Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression and the Special Rapporteur for Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Rights [ es ] are full-time dedicated positions. The former was created in 1997, while the latter was established in 2017, with Soledad García Muñoz of Argentina as the first holder of the office. The other rapporteurships are in
416-721: The hands of the commissioners, who have other functions at the IACHR and also their own jobs in their home countries, since their work as commissioners is unpaid. Rapporteurships are initially established by the commission as thematic units prior to being upgraded to rapporteurships. The IACHR also has a Press and Outreach Office. The Commission processes petitions lodged with it pursuant to its Rules of Procedure. Petitions may be filed by NGOs or individuals. Unlike most court filings, petitions are confidential documents and are not made public. Petitions must meet three requirements; domestic remedies must have already been tried and failed (exhaustion), petitions must be filed within six months of
442-592: The human rights situation in the Dominican Republic in 1961. A major step in the development of the system was taken in 1965 when the commission was expressly authorized to examine specific cases of human rights violations. Since that date the IACHR has received thousands of petitions and has processed in excess of 12,000 individual cases. In 1969, the guiding principles behind the American Declaration were taken, reshaped, and restated in
468-524: The last action taken in a domestic system (timeliness), petitions can not be before another court (duplication of procedure). Once a petition has been filed, it follows the following procedure: The IACHR's ranking officers are its seven commissioners. The commissioners are elected by the OAS General Assembly , for four-year terms, with the possibility of re-election on one occasion, for a maximum period in office of eight years. They serve in
494-507: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IACHR&oldid=768286000 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Inter-American Commission on Human Rights The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in
520-578: The organization. The Commissioners of the IACHR had unanimously approved the contract extension in January 2020, and expressed their "profound rejection" of Almagro's action "whose refusal to renew this contract breaks with a 20-year practice of respecting the IACHR's decision to appoint its own Executive Secretary and thus makes it difficult to obtain truth, justice, and reparation for those whose labor rights have been affected." UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet , Human Rights Watch , and
546-548: The organization. Haiti was granted the special status of permanent member and the other two countries were named special members, while awaiting their full incorporation. In July 2013, Chávez was honored posthumously by the nine member countries of the group and special guests Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and Haiti at the group's 12th Presidential Summit in Guayaquil, Ecuador. In December 2014, Grenada and Saint Kitts and Nevis were accepted as full members during
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#1732772860727572-679: The protection of human rights emerged with the adoption of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man by the OAS in April 1948 – the first international human rights instrument of a general nature, predating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by more than six months. The IACHR was created in 1959. It held its first meeting in 1960, and it conducted its first on-site visit to inspect
598-496: The three other official languages – Spanish, French, and Portuguese – CIDH , Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos , Commission Interaméricaine des Droits de l'Homme , Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos ) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS). The separate Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in
624-423: The virtual currency is being used to compensate trade between Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and especially Ecuador and Venezuela. In addition, Suriname is a "special guest member" that intends to become a full member. Based on the earlier San José Accords (1980) and Caracas Energy Accords (2000) between Venezuela and a number of Caribbean states, Petrocaribe was founded in 2005 to facilitate oil trade under
650-488: Was aimed at the exchange of medical and educational resources and petroleum between the two nations. Venezuela began to deliver about 96,000 barrels of oil per day from its state-owned oil company, PDVSA , to Cuba at very favorable prices. In exchange, Cuba sent 20,000 state-employed medical staff and thousands of teachers to Venezuela's poorest states. The agreement also made it possible for Venezuelans to travel to Cuba for specialized medical care, free of charge. When it
676-567: Was launched in 2004, ALBA had only two member states, Venezuela and Cuba . Subsequently, a number of other Latin American and Caribbean nations entered into this 'Peoples' Trade Agreement' (Spanish: Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos , or TCP), which aims to implement the principles of ALBA. Bolivia under Evo Morales joined in 2006, Nicaragua under Daniel Ortega in 2007, and Ecuador under Rafael Correa in 2009. Honduras , under Manuel Zelaya , joined in 2008, but withdrew in 2010 after
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