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57-404: Institut Montaigne focuses on four main policy fields: Institut Montaigne is also involved in promoting innovative democratic platforms. In 2011, the think tank led an ambitious research program under the supervision of Gilles Kepel on the suburban cities of Clichy-sous-Bois and Montfermeil where the 2005 riots sparked. The findings were published in the book Banlieue de la République . This work

114-627: A fundamentalist ideology in which most radical elements clash with the values of Western democracies and "are aiming for the destruction of Europe through civil war". In 2017, Kepel criticized Olivier Roy's assertion that jihadi terrorism is only loosely connected to Islamic fundamentalism as Roy neither speaks Arabic nor looks into the Salafi doctrine behind the jihadism. Kepel also referred to London as " Londonistan ": "[the United Kingdom] gave shelter to radical Islamist leaders from around

171-565: A commission for the benefit of Alexandre Djouhri on the sale of planes to Libya, and the judges discovered that a sum of 4 million euros had been directed in early 2010 to a mysterious Lebanese company." In January 2020, the French press announced that the French, British and American courts had validated the agreements made earlier this week by Airbus and the French National Financial Prosecutor's Office (PNF),

228-527: A commission system, in the large-scale corruption scandal concerning Airbus ., also raises the question of the Institut Montaigne's report on these questions. The long-time director of the institute, Laurent Bigorgne , was accused in February 2022 of drugging a younger staff member whom he was sexually pursuing with MDMA . Bigorgne subsequently resigned. Institut Montaigne brings together

285-593: A number of experts who provide research, policy recommendations, and analyses on a full range of public policy issues, in particular on our blogs . Laurent Bigorgne has been the managing director of Institut Montaigne since 2011. Thirty-five permanent members of staff work there. Institut Montaigne is a non-profit organization, depending on the French law of 1901. In 2020, Institut Montaigne's annual budget amounted to 6.6 million euros. More than 190 companies, of all sizes and all industries, contribute every year to its operation, each one of them representing less than 2% of

342-494: A press release, confirming the information revealed by the La Tribune website on February 7, 2017. His departure is effective at the end of February 2017. His unexpected February 2017 departure from AIRBUS seems to be linked to the corruption scandal in which AIRBUS was involved from 2012: " Airbus ran 'massive' bribery scheme to win orders" Lahoud is mentioned by numerous newspapers articles and publications as central to

399-583: A report in which it stated its main policy proposals. Institut Montaigne expresses concrete policy proposals to enhance both competitiveness and social cohesion. The ideas are conveyed through four types of publications: Recent publications (in English) In April 2012 the Montaigne Institute was criticized for effectively advertising for Nicolas Sarkozy, at a time in the campaign when advertising by political parties counted against

456-575: A social and political phenomenon there, which led to his Banlieues de l’Islam (not translated) book (1987), a primer on studies of Islam in the West. He then turned to the compared study of political-religious movements in Islam, Judaism and Christianity , and published in 1991 The Revenge of God , a best-selling book which was translated into 19 languages. As a visiting professor at New York University in 1993, he also did fieldwork among black Muslims in

513-713: A system of illegal commissions. In France, an investigation by Médiapart published on July 28, 2017, mentioned that the National Financial Prosecutor's Office and its British counterpart, the Serious Fraud Office had reported the illegal payments made by the SMO department of Airbus while led by Lahoud. Then, in 2014, it was the Kazakhgate affair. "During a search at Airbus Helicopters, French justice discovers emails attesting that

570-582: A team of students, in cooperation with Institut Montaigne think-tank. A sequel, Quatre-vingt treize (or “93” from the postal code of the Seine Saint Denis district north of Paris ) designed a more general perspective on Islam in France , 25 years after Kepel's seminal Les banlieues de l’Islam. In 2013, he documented the Arab upheavals with the travelogue Passion Arabe , a best-selling book that

627-526: Is currently being translated into English and a half-dozen languages. An excerpt, "The Murder of Samuel Paty", was printed in the Issue#3 of Liberties Journal Archived 2021-04-07 at the Wayback Machine (April 27, 2021). In 2024, Plon published Kepel's Holocaustes: Israël, Gaza et la guerre contre l'Occident . According to Kepel, jihadi terrorism is caused by "the entrenchment of Salafism ",

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684-855: Is professor at the Paris Sciences & Lettres University. He is also director of the Middle Eastern Mediterranean Freethinking Platform at the Università della Svizzera italiana in Lugano, Switzerland where, since September 2018, he is an adjunct professor . The MEM Summer Summit is held every August, gathering young change-makers from the Middle East Mediterranean region. In October 2018, he published Sortir du Chaos, Les crises en Méditerranée et au Moyen Orient. The book

741-431: Is serious enough, there could be worse things to come as investigators look to civil aviation contracts with China and Turkey. In the latter case, Lahoud is said to have signed 250 million dollars in bribes. Airbus denies the allegations, but some say that Mr. Lahoud's sudden departure from the firm last February now appears in a new light." (See English version of the article of the website of Handelsblatt. ) Marwan Lahoud

798-692: Is the son of Victor Lahoud, a former Lebanese state intelligence officer. After two years of preparatory classes at the Sainte-Geneviève Jesuit private high school in Versailles, he joined the École Polytechnique in 1984. Obtaining French nationality enabled him to join the armaments corps upon leaving the École Polytechnique in 1986: in this context, he chose the National School of Aeronautics and Space for his training as an armaments engineer. Marwan Lahoud began his career at

855-826: The Middle East Studies Association in Washington , after the latter had circulated online slanderous material, Gilles Kepel was expelled from the association. In December 2010, the month of Mohammad Bouazizi's self immolation at Sidi Bouzid , in Tunisia , that sparked the Arab Spring , Sciences Po closed the Middle East and Mediterranean Program. Kepel was elected a senior fellow at Institut Universitaire de France for five years (2010–2015), which allowed him to refocus on fieldwork. He

912-646: The U.S. , which would be compared with phenomena pertaining to the Rushdie affair in the UK and the Hijab affairs in France , and lead to his Allah in the West (1996). He received his habilitation à diriger des recherches (habilitation to be a PhD supervisor) in 1993 – from a committee presided by René Rémond , president of Sciences Po, and including Ernest Gellner , Rémy Leveau, Alain Touraine , and André Miquel . He

969-770: The British Serious Fraud Office (SFO) and the Department of Justice ( DOJ) in the United States under which the European group AIRBUS undertakes to pay fines totaling 3.6 billion euros: 2.08 billion in France as part of a public interest legal agreement (CJIP ), 984 million in the United Kingdom and 526 million in the United States. Today dissolved, the group's unit called Strategy and Marketing Organization (SMO), led by Marwan Lahoud,

1026-666: The English Channel, such as the Washington Institute for Near East Policy , Al Monitor , the Center on National Security at Fordham University , Cambridge University … The New York Times recommended the book in its 12 new books weekly selection. His 2021 essay, "The Prophet and the Pandemic / From the Middle East to Atmospheric Jihadism", released in French in February 2021, topped best-seller lists and

1083-622: The Financial Times published on January 31, 2020, in an article entitled "Airbus ran 'massive' bribery 'schemes to win orders" , a photo of him with this title: "Marwan Lahoud, who led the strategy organization and marketing of Airbus, SMO, a division dedicated to securing sales in emerging markets and at the heart of a catalog of offenses. In Germany, the Handelsblatt wrote a long article on September 10, 2017 on these corruption cases, and in particular: "Although Kazakhstan's case

1140-772: The French Institute in Damascus (1977–78), and received his degree in Political Science from Sciences Po in Paris in 1980. He specialized in contemporary Islamist movements , and spent three years at the Centre d'études et de documentation économiques, juridiques et sociales (CEDEJ) where he did the fieldwork for his PhD (defended in 1983) on “Islamist movements in Egypt”, which would be translated and published in

1197-449: The French ghettos (French: banlieues ). According to Kepel, Islamists are eroding societal cohesion in order to start a civil war while being unwittingly supported by the many leftists. This position makes him a target in many circles. Kepel claims he belongs to the left in France and according to The New York Times he has "always been careful to distinguish mainstream Islam from the hard-line Islamist ideologues" and has "no sympathy for

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1254-401: The French public deficit and the national debt. Institut Montaigne organizes political forums to which citizens are invited to draft new policies. For instance, in 2012, it held a citizen's conference on the French healthcare system. A representative panel of 25 participants was informed of the functions of the healthcare system and its challenges. After a series of workshops, the panel released

1311-540: The General Delegation for Armaments, in 1989. In 1994, he became project manager in the technical service of tactical missile systems (STSMT) then he was appointed shortly after assistant to the director of missiles and space of the DGA, Jean-Pierre Rabault. At the end of 1995, he was an advisor for industrial affairs, research and armaments in the cabinet of Charles Millon, Minister of Defense. He participated in

1368-517: The Middle East and North Africa, that of ISIS . That Jihad trilogy was further developed in The War for Muslim Minds (2006) and Beyond Terror and Martyrdom (2008). With his students, Kepel also co-edited Al Qaeda in its Own Words (2006) – a translation and analysis of chosen texts by Jihadi ideologues Abdallah Azzam , Osama bin Laden , Ayman al-Zawahiri and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi . In 2001, he

1425-483: The Middle East at Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) University, based at Ecole Normale Supérieure . He is in charge of the monthly seminar on “Violence and Dogma: Territories and representations of contemporary Islam”. In 2017, Kepel was one of the seven public figures mentioned by Larossi Abballa  [ fr ] , the jihadi terrorist who murdered a policeman and his wife in front of their son in 2016 Magnanville terrorist attack . Since January 2018, Gilles Kepel

1482-526: The Montaigne Institute in its report Vaincre Failure in Primary School in 2010. Following the intervention of the CSA, BFMTV, BFM Radio or even RMC cease broadcasting for the duration of the campaign of the spots of the Institut Montaigne in favor of Nicolas Sarkozy's proposals. The Montaigne Institute also quantified the measures proposed by the candidates for the presidential election, in partnership with

1539-537: The Muslim World from Indonesia to Africa, which came out in English in 2001, and was translated into a dozen languages. Though the book was hailed due to its scope and perspective, it was criticized after 9/11 because it documented the failure of political Islamist mobilization in the late 1990s. Kepel answered his critics with his travelogue Bad Moon Rising in 2002. He then analyzed in retrospect that failure as

1596-470: The UK in 1985 in English as The Prophet and Pharaoh (US title: Muslim Extremism in Egypt , 1986). This was the first book in any language to analyze contemporary Islamist militants, and it often is featured on reading lists to this day in universities worldwide. After his return to France, where he became a researcher at CNRS (France National Research Faculty) he investigated the developments of Islam as

1653-460: The West (Princeton UP, 2017; original French 2015) that dealt with the terror attacks by Jihadists in France and put them in perspective. In 2016, La Fracture, based on radio chronicles on France Culture in 2015–16, analyzed the impact of Jihadi terror in the wake of attacks on French and European soil . It puts them in perspective with the rise of extreme-right parties in Europe and questions

1710-584: The candidates budget limit. Indeed, a March to April advertising campaign by the Montaigne institute put forward a proposal which closely matched some remarks made by the president-candidate, Nicolas Sarkozy, leading to an investigation by the French media regulator (CSA). This proposal had already been formulated by the Montaigne Institute in 2006 in a study by Jacques Bichot. Other proposals put forward during this campaign echo François Hollande's programs, such as those on priority in primary school, defended by

1767-481: The commissions could reach 250 million dollars, according to the two Turkish agents. According to documents cited by Mediapart, the SMO's trick to conceal these commissions were false invoices issued for a fictitious pipeline project in the Caspian Sea. Mediapart reports in 2017 about another Kazakh corruption case. There was also a corruption case about the sale of aircraft in Egypt in 2019. In Great Britain,

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1824-527: The creation of Airbus, MBDA, from Astrium. On January 1, 2003, at the age of 36, he became President and CEO of MBDA. He introduces his brother Imad to Jean-Louis Gergorin; the latter then became the protagonists of the Clearstream 2 affair. In June 2007, he was appointed chief strategy and marketing officer of the EADS group. He replaces Jean-Paul Gut in this key position. In these functions, he negotiates

1881-528: The digital issue, was appointed by the government as vice-president of the National Digital Council in May 2018. The institute details its work and firm positions in terms of financial regulation and against bribery on the French version of this entry. The presence on the steering committee of Marwan Lahoud , a former Airbus executive cited by numerous publications as being at the center of

1938-439: The end of a first phase of what he would later designate as the “dialectics of Jihadism”. It epitomized the struggle against the “nearby enemy”, followed by a second phase ( Al Qaeda ) that learned the lessons of such failure and focused on the “faraway enemy”, which in turn failed to mobilize Muslim masses under the banner of Jihadists . It was ultimately followed by a third phase consisting of network-based Jihadi cells in Europe,

1995-469: The first step in the creation of EADS . In June 1999, Marwan Lahoud was appointed deputy director to the deputy director in charge of strategic coordination for Aérospatiale-Matra and to the deputy director for military affairs. When EADS was created in July 2000, he was appointed senior vice-president of mergers and acquisitions, and as such was responsible for EADS mergers and acquisitions operations, such as

2052-600: The group has given its agreement in principle to pay 12 million euros in bribes to the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan to facilitate a sale of helicopters” , reveals Mediapart. In this case, police from the Central Anti-Corruption Office (OCLCIFF) then searched the home of former Airbus Group number 2 Marwan Lahoud on the morning of February 8, 2016. According to Mediapart, a leaflet written by Marwan Lahoud, n° 2 of Airbus Group, predicted that

2109-561: The institute, Laurent Bigorgne, contributed to Emmanuel Macron 's campaign from April 2016 onwards. The analysis of the candidates' economic programs by the Montaigne Institute and the Les Échos newspaper supported that of Emmanuel Macron and severely criticized left wing candidates Jean-Luc Mélenchon and Benoit Hamon . The institute has subsequently been close to Macrons's government. Prime Minister Édouard Philippe attended in November 2018

2166-549: The lunch between member companies and political figures that the think tank organizes. Laurent Bigorgne was appointed in June 2018 to the Public Action Committee 2022, installed by the prime minister to design the state reform project, then was invited to debate with Emmanuel Macron on March 22, 2019, with sixty-five other intellectuals, to deal with the yellow vests crisis. Gilles Babinet, the institute's referent on

2223-464: The main candidates’ programs. A similar initiative was undertaken during the 2014 municipal campaign in France's 10 largest cities, as well as for the 2015 regional campaign. During the 2017 presidential campaign, on top of quantitative analyses, it evaluated over 120 electoral program promises and proposals. Institut Montaigne also developed a game dedicated to public finances, allowing players to understand how budgetary and macroeconomic policies impact

2280-413: The merger with BAE Systems which will not be completed. In 2012, he was appointed Managing Director of EADS France, while retaining his position as Strategic Director. His name was mentioned for the management of Areva in 2012, then that of Thales and Safran in 2014. As deputy managing director of Airbus in charge of strategy, he leaves the European aeronautics and defense group, Airbus announced in

2337-634: The newspaper Les Échos. The quality of this work has been disputed; for Médiapart "the ideological presuppositions, the absence of a guarantee on the impartiality of the calculations or the secret kept on the identity of the" encryptors "cast suspicion on this project" . During the campaign, La Chaîne européenne (LCP) had Laurent Bigorgne , then director of the Montaigne Institute, as editorial writer for his political program Thèmes de campagne. This program, presented by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor , received, from March to June 2012, Pascal Lamy , Nicole Notat , Thierry Breton and Jacques Attali . The president of

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2394-483: The phenomena we study, because no causal link can be found on the basis of the empirical data we have available." This debate can be summarized as opposition between Kepel's theory of "radicalisation of Islam" and Roy's one of "Islamicisation of radicalism". According to Kepel, prominent figures and leaders among the left-leaning ideologists do not understand the threats against France, which according to him encompasses both terrorists arriving from abroad and Islamists in

2451-567: The region”. His last essay, le Prophète et la Pandémie / du Moyen-Orient au jihadisme d'atmosphère , just released in French (February 2021), has topped the best-seller lists and is currently being translated into English and a half-dozen languages. Originally trained as a classicist, he started to study Arabic after a journey to the Levant in 1974. He first graduated in Philosophy and English , then completed his Arabic language studies at

2508-473: The restructuring of industries in the sector, notably with the ousting of Alain Gomez from Thomson-CSF. He also prepared the merger between Aerospace and Dassault Aviation but the process fails shortly before its end, because of the dissolution of National Assembly in 1997. Marwan Lahoud was recruited in 1998 by Aerospatiale and became vice president for development. In 2000, he negotiated the merger with Matra,

2565-410: The total budget. About 300 legal persons also support Institut Montaigne's procedure. Their total support represents 1% of the operating budget of Institut Montaigne. Members (the list is current as of 12 August 2022): Gilles Kepel Gilles Kepel , (born June 30, 1955) is a French political scientist and Arabist , specialized in the contemporary Middle East and Muslims in the West. He

2622-718: The very fracture of politics in the Old Continent . Kepel serves on several advisory boards such as the High Council of the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris and, since 2016, Kepel is a member of the advisory board of the Berlin-based Middle East think tank Candid Foundation . In February 2016 he was appointed chairman of the newly founded Program of Excellence on the Mediterranean and

2679-425: The world as a sort of insurance policy against jihadi terrorism. But you know, when you go for dinner with the devil...". Roy has said "I have been accused of disregarding the link between terrorist violence and the religious radicalisation of Islam through Salafism, the ultra-conservative interpretation of the faith. I am fully aware of all of these dimensions; I am simply saying that they are inadequate to account for

2736-496: The xenophobia of the right-wing National Front ". He has "repeatedly dismissed claims of widespread Islamophobia in French society as fraudulent, saying the word has become little more than a rhetorical club used by Islamists to rally their base". Books translated into English Marwan Lahoud Marwan Lahoud (Arab: مروان لحود), born March 6, 1966, in Lebanon, is a French-Lebanese weapons engineer , living in France. He

2793-564: Was Professor at Sciences Po Paris, the Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean Program at PSL, based at Ecole Normale Supérieure. His latest English-translated book is, Away from Chaos . The Middle East and the Challenge to the West ( Columbia University Press, 2020) was reviewed by The New York Times as "an excellent primer for anyone wanting to get up to speed on

2850-591: Was also offered the visiting “ Philippe Roman Professorship in History and International Relations ” at the London School of Economics ” in 2009–2010. In 2012, he published Banlieue de la République, a survey of the 2005 French Banlieues riots in the Clichy-Montfermeil area, north of Paris , whence the events sparked. The study was based on one-year participant observation on the premises with

2907-628: Was appointed as a tenured professor of political science at Sciences Po , where he created the Middle East and Mediterranean Program, and the EuroGolfe Forum. He supervised more than 40 PhD dissertations, and created the “Proche Orient” series, of which he was the general editor, at Presses Universitaires de France , for his PhD graduates to publish their first book after their dissertation. The series comprised 23 volumes from 2004 to 2017 – many of them finding their way into English translations. In 2008, accused of assaulting Pascal Menoret at

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2964-561: Was awarded the “Pétrarque Prize” by France Culture radio and Le Monde daily as best book of the year. In 2014, Passion Française, a survey cum travelogue that documented the first generation of candidates to the Parliamentary elections of June 2012 who were from Muslim descent, and focused on Marseille and Roubaix , was the third book in a tetralogy that would culminate with Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in

3021-455: Was deputy chief executive officer for strategy and marketing for the Airbus group until February 2017. In May 2017, he was appointed chairman of the supervisory board of OT-Morpho, a position he only held for a short time, even if he remained director for two years of different entities of this group, renamed from IDEMIA. Marwan Lahoud was born into a family of Lebanese Maronite Christians. He

3078-401: Was later completed by “Passion française”, a political essay based on a series of interviews conducted in the cities of Roubaix and Marseille to meet candidates of foreign origin who ran for the 2012 legislative elections. Institut Montaigne feeds the public debate by providing data and assessment tools. During the 2012 presidential campaign, Institut Montaigne forecasted the budgetary impact of

3135-522: Was promoted to research director at CNRS in 1995, and spent academic year 1995–1996 in the US as New York Consortium Professor (a joint position at Columbia and New York Universities and the New School for Social Research). He used the library facilities at NYU and Columbia to explore the scholarly sources for his best-selling book Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam based on two years of fieldwork in

3192-623: Was taken into custody in September 2019 for commissions paid to Alexandre Djouhri, cited in this by an article in Médiapart of September 4, 2019, relayed on the Facebook page of this newspaper: "Former Airbus executives Marwan Lahoud and Jean-Paul Gut were taken into police custody and confronted last June in the Libyan affair. In 2009, Claude Guéant had put pressure on Airbus (ex-EADS ) pays

3249-415: Was translated into English by Henry Randolph and published in the US in 2020 by Columbia University Press as : Away from Chaos. The Middle East and the Challenge to the West . It is a sweeping political history of four decades of Middle East conflict and its worldwide ramifications. In the months following the publication, Gilles Kepel participated in webinars organized on both sides of the Atlantic and

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