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47-591: The museum began in 1981 as the Holocaust Memorial Foundation of Illinois located in a storefront on Main Street in Skokie, Illinois . The foundation and small museum were established as a response to a Neo-Nazi group's attempt to march through Skokie , in which many Holocaust survivors had settled in the decades following the atrocities. On April 19, 2009, the museum opened to the public in

94-409: A gift shop, and a library. The upper floor contains the remembrance areas, the art gallery, the upper part of the auditorium, and offices. The basement contains classrooms, an exhibition for children, an exhibition on the building's history, and a conference area. The building's facade is notably two-toned, a black half that includes the entrance doors and a white half with the exit doors. This facade

141-559: A given problem (i.e., enabling easy transportation for reverse commuters to Westfield Old Orchard ) are considered. The extension recommended by the CTA, is the elevation of the Yellow Line to a new terminal south of Old Orchard Road. This extension was canceled. Although the Yellow Line is the fastest transportation to and from the city, the village also is served by CTA and Pace bus routes. The Pace Pulse Dempster Line opened through

188-683: A march in Skokie, far from their headquarters on Chicago's south side. Originally, the neo-Nazis had planned a political rally in Marquette Park in Chicago . The park is located in what was then a predominantly all-white neighborhood, similar to the situation in 1966 , when a crowd of 4,000 Marquette Park residents gathered to watch Martin Luther King Jr. lead a march, some waving Confederate flags or throwing bottles, bricks and rocks at

235-503: A new building with festivities including a keynote speech by Bill Clinton with Elie Wiesel in attendance. President Barack Obama spoke through a recorded video message, as did Shimon Peres , president of Israel . Security arrangements at the museum were tightened after the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting on June 10, 2009. Currently, the museum's volunteers include members of

282-513: A sizeable Assyrian population. Some Assyrian American organizations, such as the Assyrian Universal Alliance Foundation , report that Assyrians make up the largest ethnic group in Skokie, with the population estimate being upwards of 20,000. The population of the local high school district, Niles Township High School District 219 , is reported to be about 30% Assyrian, making them the largest ethnic group at

329-583: Is 8800 north in Skokie addresses. As of the 2020 census there were 67,824 people, 22,503 households, and 16,206 families residing in the village. The population density was 6,739.27 inhabitants per square mile (2,602.05/km ). There were 25,256 housing units at an average density of 2,509.54 per square mile (968.94/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 51.36% White , 7.94% African American , 0.48% Native American , 27.78% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 4.61% from other races , and 7.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.59% of

376-574: Is a multi-use trail connecting the northwest side of Chicago to the communities of Lincolnwood and Skokie. In 2023, the Village announced plans to extend the Valley Line Trail from its current terminus at Dempster-Skokie Station to its northernmost boundary at Old Orchard Road. The result will be a continuous trail from the City of Chicago to the northern suburbs beyond Skokie. The project

423-559: Is bordered by Evanston to the east, Chicago to the southeast and southwest, Lincolnwood to the south, Niles to the southwest, Morton Grove to the west, Glenview to the northwest, and Wilmette to the north. The village's street circulation is a street-grid pattern, with a major east–west thoroughfare every half mile: Old Orchard Road, Golf Road, Church Street, Dempster Street, Main Street, Oakton Street, Howard Street, and Touhy Avenue. The major north–south thoroughfares are Skokie Boulevard, Crawford Avenue , and McCormick Boulevard;

470-537: Is estimated to be completed by 2025. The North Shore Channel Trail also passes through town. Primary school districts include: Niles Township High School District 219 operates public high schools. A portion of the city is served by the Evanston/Skokie School District 65 and Evanston Township High School . See the same map as middle schools. Jewish: Muslim: Roman Catholic: The Chicago "L"s Yellow Line terminates at

517-486: Is located in a narrow alley and situated so that one cannot view the entire facade from any one location. The museum is located in the northwest corner of Skokie , west of the Edens Expressway ( I-94 ). The nearest exit is Old Orchard Road. To the east of the museum is also an abandoned railroad right of way . This right of way is considered for a new CTA Yellow Line extension, with a new terminal station in

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564-535: Is one of the country's first and is the third largest mall by total square footage in Illinois. The Skokie Northshore Sculpture Park is situated along the North Shore Channel between Dempster Street and Touhy Avenue on the east side of McCormick Boulevard. The first sculptures were built in the park in 1988 and it now has over 70 sculptures. Three areas are toured May through October of each year, on

611-544: The 2020 census , its population was 67,824. Skokie lies approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of Chicago 's downtown Loop. The name Skokie comes from a Potawatomi word for "marsh". For many years, Skokie promoted itself as "The World's Largest Village". Skokie's streets, like that of many suburbs, are largely a continuation of the Chicago street grid , and the village is served by the Chicago Transit Authority , further cementing its connection to

658-696: The American Civil Liberties Union interceded on their behalf, in National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie . An Illinois appeals court raised the injunction issued by a Cook County Circuit Court judge, ruling that the presence of the swastika , the Nazi emblem, would constitute deliberate provocation of the people of Skokie. However, the Court also ruled that Skokie's attorneys had failed to prove that either

705-549: The Dempster Street station in Skokie. Construction has been completed on a new Yellow Line train station at Oakton Street , to serve downtown Skokie. It opened on April 30, 2012. Additionally, the CTA is commissioning an alternatives analysis study on the extension of the Yellow Line terminal to Old Orchard Road for Federal Transit Administration New Start grants. The New Starts program allows federal funds to be used for capital projects provided that all extensions for

752-601: The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg ), a small landlocked country in Western Europe , situated between Germany , France , and Belgium , and are of Celtic / Gallo-Roman and Germanic ( Frankish ) origin. Luxembourgish is the only native language of Luxembourgers (as taught by parents), although nearly all of them learn French and German in school and are able to communicate in these two languages as well from an early age on. Despite

799-806: The Skokie Valley Symphony Orchestra . The facility celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2016. The Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center opened in Skokie on April 19, 2009. Skokie's founding and early days were the subject of the 2023 documentary, Holy Ground . On October 7, 2008, the Skokie Public Library received the 2008 National Medal for Museum and Library Service , notably for its cultural programming and multilingual services. The Skokie Park District maintains public spaces and historical sites within its more than 240 acres (0.97 km ) of parkland and in its ten facilities. The Skokie Valley Trail

846-550: The United States Supreme Court . In the mid-1970s, it was at the center of National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie , in which a Nazi group, backed by the American Civil Liberties Union , invoked the First Amendment in an attempt to schedule a Nazi rally in Skokie. At the time, Skokie had a significant population of Holocaust survivors . Skokie ultimately lost that case, though

893-475: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights , and such figures as Ruby Bridges and Malala Yousafzai . The museum's building was designed by Stanley Tigerman . The Interior and Exhibition were co-designed by Yitzchak Mais, a former director of Yad Vashem . The first-floor Holocaust exhibition is located next to the auditorium, the main entrance hall, information and membership desks, a coatroom,

940-706: The 80 fastest-growing suburbs in the U.S. Besides strong manufacturing and retail commerce bases, Skokie's economy will add health sciences jobs; in 2003, Forest City Enterprises announced their re-development of the vacant Pfizer research laboratories, in downtown Skokie, as the Illinois Science + Technology Park, a 23-acre (93,000 m ) campus of research installations—2 million square feet (190,000 m ) of chemistry, genomics, toxicology laboratories, clean rooms, NMR suites, conference rooms, etc.). In 2006, NorthShore University HealthSystem announced installing their consolidated data center operations at

987-670: The Action Reconciliation Service for Peace and the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service (since 2009) that work for the museum. In 2017, the museum opened the Take a Stand Center, four interactive galleries located within the space of the museum that includes interactive Holograms of Holocaust survivors. Connected to the holograph theater is an exhibit concerning organizations and individuals that have promoted human rights including

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1034-604: The Nazi uniform or their printed materials, which it was alleged that the Nazis intended to distribute, would incite violence. Moreover, because Chicago subsequently lifted its Marquette Park political demonstration ban, the NSPA ultimately held its rally in Chicago. The attempted Illinois Nazi march on Skokie was dramatized in the television film Skokie in 1981. It was satirized in the film The Blues Brothers in 1980. In 2001,

1081-523: The St. Peter Catholic Cemetery, a block north of Oakton Street in the town. The first African-American family to move to Skokie arrived in 1961, and open-housing activists helped to integrate the suburb subsequently. Historic maps named the Skokie marsh as Chewab Skokie , a probable derivation from Kitchi-wap choku , a Potawatomi term meaning "great marsh". Other Indigenous names include skoutay or scoti , an Algonquian words for "fire". "Skokie Marsh"

1128-648: The city. Skokie was originally a German - Luxembourger farming community, but was later settled by a sizeable Jewish population, especially after World War II . At its peak in the mid-1960s, 58% of the population was Jewish , the largest proportion of any Chicago suburb. Skokie still has many Jewish residents (now about 30% of the population) and over a dozen synagogues. It is home to the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center , which opened in northwest Skokie in 2009. Skokie has twice received national attention for court cases decided by

1175-814: The cultural, ethnic, and linguistic ties between the Saxons in Transylvania and the Luxembourgers is rather simple, namely that the first waves of Transylvanian Saxon settlers who colonised parts of Transylvania , present-day central Romania stemmed from the Rhine-Moselle river valley region and, implicitly, from Luxembourg as well. These settlers were part of the Ostsiedlung colonisation process in Central and Eastern Europe and were invited during

1222-600: The decision by Skokie and 22 other communities belonging to the Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County to use an isolated wetland as a solid waste disposal site resulted in a lawsuit. Ultimately, the case went all the way to the United States Supreme Court, and resulted in an overturn of the federal migratory bird rule . According to the 2010 census, Skokie has a total area of 10.06 square miles (26.06 km ), all land. The village

1269-705: The descendants of these settlers. Furthermore, the Transylvanian Saxon dialect is very close to Luxembourgish . In addition, the Zipser Germans in the historical region of Zips , Slovakia (but also their descendants in Maramureș and Bukovina ) are also part of the Luxembourgish diaspora given the fact that part of their ancestors stemmed from the northwestern Lower Rhineland and adjacent or neighbouring areas. The explanation for

1316-578: The focal point of cases before the United States Supreme Court. National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie , 432 U.S. 43 (1977), involved a First Amendment issue. Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County (SWANCC) v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , 531 U.S. 159 (2001) touched upon the Commerce Clause . In 1977 and 1978, Illinois neo-Nazis of the National Socialist Party of America (NSPA) attempted to hold

1363-543: The last Sunday of the month with a presentation by a docent . Just north of the sculpture garden is a statue to Mahatma Gandhi with five of his famous quotations engraved around the base. This was dedicated on October 2, 2004. In addition to municipally-managed public spaces, the village is also home to the North Shore Center for the Performing Arts, encompassing Centre East, Northlight Theatre and

1410-577: The late 12th century, during the High Middle Ages , by the King of Hungary Géza II to develop, fortify, and defend southern and south-eastern Transylvania against invading Asian peoples (e.g. Cumans , Pechenegs , Mongols , or Tatars ). Moreover, in 2007, Luxembourg City shared the status of European Capital of Culture with the Romanian town of Sibiu ( German : Hermannstadt ), one of

1457-541: The major diagonal streets are Lincoln Avenue , Niles Center Road, East Prairie Road and Gross Point Road. Skokie's north–south streets continue the street names and (house number) grid values of Chicago's north–south streets – with the notable exceptions of Cicero Avenue , which is renamed Skokie Boulevard within Skokie, and Chicago's Pulaski Road retains its original Chicago City name, Crawford Avenue. The east–west streets continue Evanston's street names, but with Chicago grid values, such that Evanston's Dempster Street

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1504-464: The park, adding 500 jobs to the economy. Map maker Rand McNally is also headquartered in Skokie. More recently, the village has focused heavily on the revitalization of both the downtown and central business districts , incorporating Transit Oriented Development principles in the process. According to the Village's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the village are: Westfield Old Orchard , an upscale shopping center,

1551-531: The population . They share the culture of Luxembourg and speak Luxembourgish , a West Germanic language . Luxembourgers were, much like Austrians , historically considered to be a regional sub-group of ethnic Germans and viewed themselves as such until the collapse of the German Confederation . Luxembourg became independent, while remaining in personal union with the Netherlands , after

1598-400: The population. There were 22,503 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.68% were married couples living together, 11.23% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.98% were non-families. 25.48% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.28% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1645-430: The protesters; King was knocked to his knees when struck by a rock. However, the Chicago authorities thwarted the NSPA's plans. Seeking another free-speech political venue, the NSPA group chose to march on Skokie. Given the many Holocaust survivors living in Skokie, the village's government thought the Nazi march would be disruptive, and refused the NSPA permission to hold the event. The NSPA appealed that decision, and

1692-460: The proximity of the museum. The museum is already accessible through several bus lines nearby: CTA lines 205 and 54A, and Pace lines 208 and 422. Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, "Skokie Builds to Remember,” The Forward, April 24, 2009. Skokie, Illinois Skokie ( / ˈ s k oʊ k i / ; formerly Niles Center ) is a village in Cook County, Illinois , United States. According to

1739-470: The rally was never held. In 1888, the community was incorporated as Niles Centre. About 1910, the spelling was Americanized to "Niles Center". However, the name caused postal confusion with the neighboring village of Niles . A village-renaming campaign began in the 1930s. In a referendum on November 15, 1940, residents chose the Native American name "Skokie" over the name "Devonshire". During

1786-569: The rather small number of Luxembourgers, there is a relatively large diaspora of their people, both in Europe and elsewhere, most notably overseas in North America . Particularly, there are populations in the surrounding countries of Belgium , France , and Germany . For the most part, this is due to historic reasons, especially the three Partitions of Luxembourg , which led to former territories of Luxembourg being incorporated into each of

1833-541: The real estate boom of the 1920s, large parcels were subdivided; many two- and three-flat apartment buildings were built, with the "Chicago"-style bungalow a dominant architectural specimen. Large-scale development ended as a result of the Great Crash of 1929 and consequent Great Depression . It was not until the 1940s and the 1950s, when parents of the baby boom generation moved their families out of Chicago, that Skokie's housing development began again. Consequently,

1880-554: The school district as well. The village's AAA bond rating attests to strong economic health via prudent fiscal management. In 2003, Skokie became the first municipality in the United States to achieve nationally accredited police, fire, and public works departments, and a Class-1 fire department, per the Insurance Services Office (ISO) ratings. Likewise, in 2003 Money magazine named Skokie one of

1927-552: The signing of the Treaty of London in 1839. The personal union proved short-lived as it was bilaterally and amicably dissolved in 1890. Legally, all citizens of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg are considered to be Luxembourgers per Luxembourgish law, although a distinct Germanic ethnolinguistic identification is vocally espoused and promoted. The corresponding adjective is " Luxembourgish ". Most ethnic Luxembourgers live in

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1974-657: The three surrounding countries. As previously mentioned, there are also significant populations of Luxembourgers in the Americas , with the largest contingent being in the United States . Others migrated to the medieval Kingdom of Hungary along with Germans during the first phase of German eastward settlement ( German : Ostsiedlung ) in the 12th century (and, later on, during the Modern Age ). Transylvanian Saxons (in particular) and Banat Swabians (partly) are

2021-488: The village developed commercially, an example being the Old Orchard Shopping Center, currently named Westfield Old Orchard . During the night of November 27–28, 1934, after a gunfight in nearby Barrington that left two FBI agents dead, two accomplices of notorious 25-year-old bank-robber Baby Face Nelson (Lester Gillis) dumped his bullet-riddled body in a ditch along Niles Center Road adjoining

2068-881: The village in 2023. However, Greyhound Bus service to the Dempster Street train station has been discontinued. For automobile transport, Interstate 94 , the Edens Expressway , traverses western Skokie, with interchanges at Touhy Avenue, Dempster Street, and Old Orchard Road. Major highways in Skokie include: Interstate Highways US Highways Illinois Highways Former: Evanston • Hyde Park • Jefferson • Lake • Lake View • North Chicago • Rogers Park • South Chicago • West Chicago Luxembourger Luxembourgers ( / ˈ l ʌ k s əm b ɜːr ɡ ər z / LUK -səm-bur-gərz ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerger [ˈlətsəbuəjɐ] ) are an ethnic group native to their nation state of Luxembourg , where they make up around half of

2115-438: The village was $ 74,725, and the median income for a family was $ 93,491. Males had a median income of $ 46,915 versus $ 37,025 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 37,827. About 7.5% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over. Skokie is approximately 28% Jewish and has over a dozen synagogues. Skokie also contains

2162-404: Was 3.37 and the average family size was 2.78. The village's age distribution consisted of 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males. The median income for a household in

2209-573: Was used by local botanists, notably Henry Chandler Cowles , as early as 1901. The village name was changed from "Niles Center" to "Skokie" by referendum in 1940. The name change may also have been influenced by James Foster Porter, a Chicago resident, who had explored the "Skoki Valley" in Banff National Park in Canada in 1911 and admired the name; Porter supported the name "Skokie" in the referendum. Twice in its history, Skokie has been

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