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73-465: IEI was established as a government company in 1972 in order to develop military materials for the Iranian Military . IEI has developed a high potential in research and development (R&D) which is the technological backbone of the company. IEI is an amalgamation of different manufacturing plants and companies in different parts of the country. During the reign of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi ,

146-486: A hacker brigade for the purpose of fomenting unrest in Iran. It has also been reported in early 2010 that two new garrisons for cyberwarfare have been established at Zanjan and Isfahan . As of 2024, Iran's cyber activities have become more sophisticated, engaging in a persistent cyber struggle with Israel that focuses on espionage, information warfare, and attempts to target critical infrastructure, although Israel maintains

219-460: A massive air interdiction campaign, which prepared the theater for a coalition ground assault. The primary coalition objective, the liberation of Kuwait, was achieved on 27 February, and the next morning a ceasefire was declared, just one hundred hours after the commencement of the ground campaign. The end of formal hostilities did not bring the end of difficulties with Iraq. Operation Provide Comfort , implemented to provide humanitarian assistance to

292-562: A no-fly zone south of the 32nd parallel. In January 1997, Operation Northern Watch replaced Provide Comfort, with a focus on enforcing the northern no-fly zone. Throughout the decade, CENTCOM carried out a string of operations – Vigilant Warrior , Vigilant Sentinel , Desert Strike , Desert Thunder (I and II), and Desert Fox  – to try to coerce Saddam into greater compliance with U.S. wishes. The 1990s also brought significant challenges in Somalia as well as from

365-603: A response to the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan , and the large-scale evacuation of American citizens from Lebanon in 2006. On 1 October 2008, the Department of Defense transferred responsibility for Sudan , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti , Kenya, and Somalia to the newly established Africa Command. Egypt , home to Exercise Bright Star , the Department of Defense's largest reoccurring military exercise, remained in

438-449: A technological edge. Iran's 2021 defense budget was estimated to be $ 25.0 billion by IISS . Under the last Shah of Iran , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Iran's military industry was limited to assembly of foreign weapons. In the assembly lines that were put up by American firms, such as Bell , Litton and Northrop , Iranian workers put together a variety of helicopters, aircraft, guided missiles, electronic components and tanks. In 1973,

511-529: A two-year period. The first step was to make the RDJTF independent of U.S. Readiness Command , followed by the activation of CENTCOM in January 1983. Overcoming skeptical perceptions that the command was still an RDJTF in all but name, designed to support a Cold War strategy, took time. The Iran–Iraq War clearly underlined the growing tensions in the region, and developments such as Iranian mining operations in

584-579: A variable number of base locations depending on its level of operations. With ongoing warfare in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003, the United States Air Force used 35 bases, while in 2006 it used 14, including four in Iraq. The United States Navy maintains one major base and one smaller installation, with extensive deployments afloat and ashore by U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard ships, aviation units and ground units. Two of

657-568: A war against international terrorism. CENTCOM soon launched Operation Enduring Freedom to expel the Taliban government in Afghanistan, which was harboring Al Qaida terrorists and hosting terrorist training camps. Exercise Internal Look has been employed for explicit war planning on at least two occasions: Internal Look '90, which dealt with a threat from Iraq, and Internal Look '03, which was used to plan what became Operation Iraqi Freedom -

730-461: Is also producing its own submarines. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Fajr-3 (MIRV) , Hoot , Kowsar , Fateh-110 , Shahab-3 missile systems and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles , at least one of which Israel claims has been used to spy on its territory. On November 2, 2012, Iran's Brigadier General Hassan Seifi reported that

803-589: Is among four that are headquartered outside their area of operations (the other three being USAFRICOM , USSOUTHCOM , and USSPACECOM ). CENTCOM's main headquarters is located at MacDill Air Force Base , in Tampa, Florida . A forward headquarters was established in 2002 at Camp As Sayliyah in Doha, Qatar , which in 2009 transitioned to a forward headquarters at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar . In January 2021, Israel became

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876-519: Is an internationally hot political topic over which it has consistently refused to negotiate. Iranian authorities state that the country's missile program is not designed to deliver nuclear payloads , but used only for surgical strikes , and is therefore not relevant to any nuclear negotiations with the P5+1 . The Iranian drone program has also raised concerns across the Middle East and much of

949-494: Is known as Joint Intelligence Center, Central Command, or JICCENT, which serves as a Joint Intelligence Center for the co-ordination of intelligence . Under the intelligence directorate, there are several divisions including the Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence . CENTCOM directs five "service component commands" and one subordinate unified command : * USCG Command that augments NAVCENT in

1022-516: Is tasked to pursue the most sensitive high-value targets such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban leadership since 11 September 2001. Rather, TF 77, which started out as Task Force 11 and has gone through a number of name/number changes, reports directly to Joint Special Operations Command , part of USSOCOM. As of 2015 , CENTCOM forces are deployed primarily in Iraq and Afghanistan in combat roles and have support roles at bases in Kuwait , Bahrain , Qatar ,

1095-536: Is today known as the Iranian military industry . Under their command, Iran's military industry was enormously expanded, and with the Ministry of Defense pouring investment into the missile industry, Iran soon accumulated a vast arsenal of missiles . Since 1992, it has also produced its own tanks , armored personnel carriers , radar systems , guided missiles , marines , military vessels and fighter planes . Iran

1168-468: The 1979 Islamic Revolution , with limited purchases from Russia in the 1990s following the Iran–Iraq War . However, the country has since then launched a robust domestic rearmament program, and its inventory has become increasingly indigenous . According to Iranian officials, most of the country's military hardware is domestically manufactured, and the country had already become an exporter of arms by

1241-587: The Biological Weapons Convention in 1973. Iran has advanced biological and genetic engineering research programs supporting an industry that produces vaccines for both domestic use and export. In 2013, Iran was reported to supply money, equipment, technological expertise and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to the Syrian government and Hezbollah during the Syrian civil war , and to

1314-461: The Horn of Africa to combat terrorism, establish a secure environment, and foster regional stability. These operations involved a series of Special Operations Forces raids, humanitarian assistance, consequence management, and a variety of civic action programs. The command has also remained poised to provide disaster relief throughout the region; its most recent significant relief operations have been

1387-697: The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) directed most U.S. forces in Afghanistan. A U.S. general ( Dan K. McNeill ) assumed command of ISAF that same month. Temporary task forces include the Central Command Forward ;– Jordan (CF-J), which was announced in April 2013. CF-J's stated purpose was to work with the Jordanian armed forces to improve the latter's capabilities. There

1460-507: The Iran Electronics Industries (IEI) was established. The company was set up in a first attempt to organize the assembly and repair of foreign-delivered weapons. The Iranian Defense Industries Organization was the first to succeed in taking a step into what could be called a military industry by reverse engineering Soviet RPG-7 , BM-21 , and SAM-7 missiles in 1979. Nevertheless, most of Iran's weapons before

1533-659: The Iranian Constitution , the establishment of any foreign military base in the country is forbidden, even for peaceful purposes. On 4 December 2011, an American RQ-170 Sentinel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was captured by Iranian forces near the city of Kashmar in northeastern Iran . In 2012, it was announced that Iran's Quds Force is operating inside Syria providing the government of Bashar al-Assad with intelligence and direction against rebel opposition. In December 2012, Iran stated it had captured an American ScanEagle UAV that violated its airspace over

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1606-777: The Iranian Gendarmerie , was merged with the National Police ( Shahrbani ) and Islamic Revolution Committees in 1990. In 1991, the Iranian armed forces received a number of Iraqi military aircraft being evacuated from the Persian Gulf War of that year; most of which were incorporated into the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force. From 2003, there have been repeated US and British allegations that Iranian forces have been covertly involved in

1679-652: The Iran–Contra affair . At first, deliveries came via Israel and later, from the US. The Iranian government established a five-year rearmament program in 1989 to replace worn-out weaponry from the Iran–Iraq War. Between 1989 and 1992, Iran spent $ 10 billion on arms, some of which were designed to prevent other states' naval vessels from accessing the sea, including marines and long-range Soviet planes capable of attacking aircraft carriers. A former military-associated police force,

1752-616: The Iraq War . In 2004, Iranian armed forces took Royal Navy personnel prisoner , on the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud in Persian) river, between Iran and Iraq. They were released three days later following diplomatic discussions between the UK and Iran. In 2007, Iranian Revolutionary Guard forces also took prisoner Royal Navy personnel when a boarding party from HMS  Cornwall was seized in

1825-796: The Islamic revolution were imported from the United States and Europe. Between 1971 and 1975, the Shah went on a buying spree, ordering $ 8 billion in weapons from the United States alone. This alarmed the United States Congress , which strengthened a 1968 law on arms exports in 1976 and renamed it the Arms Export Control Act. Still, the United States continued to sell large amounts of weapons to Iran until

1898-825: The Persian Gulf led to CENTCOM's first combat operations. On 17 May 1987, the USS ; Stark  (FFG-31) , conducting operations in the Persian Gulf during the Iran-Iraq War, was struck by Exocet missiles fired by an Iraqi aircraft , resulting in 37 casualties. Soon afterward, as part of what became known as the " Tanker War ", the Federal government of the United States reflagged and renamed 11 Kuwaiti oil tankers. In Operation Earnest Will , these tankers were escorted by USCENTCOM's Middle East Force through

1971-844: The Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF). Its Area of Responsibility (AOR) includes the Middle East (including Egypt in Africa ), Central Asia and parts of South Asia . The command has been the main American presence in many military operations, including the Persian Gulf War 's Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the War in Afghanistan , as well as the Iraq War from 2003 to 2011. As of 2015 , CENTCOM forces were deployed primarily in Afghanistan under

2044-1058: The Syrian Civil War as well as by the Houthi movement during the Yemeni Civil War , mostly against Saudi targets. Some time after the beginning of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 , the U.S reported that Iran was supplying Russia with military drones. Iran later confirmed the reports, though it denied the drones were meant to be used in the Ukraine war, and added that China was on the list of countries looking to import Iranian drones. On November 2, 2006, Iran fired unarmed missiles to begin 10 days of military simulations . Iranian state television reported "dozens of missiles were fired including Shahab-2 and Shahab-3 missiles. The missiles had ranges from 300 km to up to 2,000 km. Iranian experts have made some changes to Shahab-3 missiles installing cluster warheads in them with

2117-708: The United Arab Emirates , Oman , and central Asia . CENTCOM forces have also been deployed in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The following war plan numbers have been made public: Others listed by Arkin's supplements include CENTCOM CONPLAN 1211-07 "Foreign Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response Operations." It was issued in November 2007, and required using the Request for Forces method via then- U.S. Joint Forces Command to supply any required forces. With

2190-472: The United States and other countries of the Western Bloc . Later on, Iran began establishing its own armaments industry; its efforts in this remained largely unrecognized internationally, until recently. Following the Iranian revolution in 1979, deteriorating relations with the U.S. resulted in international sanctions led by the US, including an arms embargo being imposed on Iran. Revolutionary Iran

2263-577: The Zagros Mountains and prevent the Soviet Ground Forces (army) from seizing the Iranian oil fields . After 1990, General Norman Schwarzkopf reoriented CENTCOM's planning to fend off a threat from Iraq, and Internal Look moved to a biennial schedule. There was a notable similarity between the 1990 Internal Look exercise scripts and the real-world movement of Iraqi forces which culminated in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait during

Iran Electronics Industries - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-659: The "central" area of the globe located between the African, European and Indo-Pacific Commands. When the hostage crisis in Iran and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan underlined the need to strengthen U.S. interests in the region, President Jimmy Carter established the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF) in March 1980. Steps were taken to transform the RDJTF into a permanent unified command over

2409-504: The 1979 Islamic Revolution . After the Islamic revolution, Iran found itself severely isolated and lacking technological expertise. Because of economic sanctions and a weapons embargo put on Iran by the United States , it was forced to rely on its domestic arms industry for weapons and spare parts, since there were very few countries willing to do business with Iran. The Islamic Revolutionary Guards were put in charge of creating what

2482-518: The 1980-88 Iran–Iraq War. Even today, more than twenty-four years after the end of the Iran–Iraq War, about 30,000 Iranians are still suffering and dying from the effects of chemical weapons employed by Iraq during the war. The need to manage the treatment of such a large number of casualties has placed Iran's medical specialists in the forefront of the development of effective treatment regimens for chemical weapons victims, and particularly for those suffering from exposure to mustard gas . Iran ratified

2555-468: The 1983 establishment of CENTCOM Egypt, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti came within the area of responsibility (AOR). Thus CENTCOM directed the 'Natural Bond' exercises with Sudan, the 'Eastern Wind' exercises with Somalia, and the 'Jade Tiger' exercises with Oman, Somalia, and Sudan. Exercise Jade Tiger involved the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit with Oman from 29 November 1982 to 8 December 1982. On 7 February 2007, plans were announced for

2628-507: The 2000s. Unable to import weapon systems from abroad due to international and U.S. sanctions , and suffering from an increasingly aging air force fleet, Iran has invested considerable funds into an ambitious ballistic and cruise missile program for mid-range strike capability, and has manufactured different types of arms and munitions, including tanks , armoured vehicles and drones , as well as various naval assets and aerial defense systems. Iran's ballistic missile and space program

2701-488: The 2003 United States invasion of Iraq , which began on 19 March 2003. Following the defeat of both the Taliban regime in Afghanistan (9 November 2001) and Saddam Hussein's government in Iraq (8 April 2003), CENTCOM has continued to provide security to the new freely-elected governments in those countries, conducting counterinsurgency operations and assisting host nation security forces to provide for their own defense. Beginning in October 2002, CENTCOM conducted operations in

2774-450: The 21st country of the AOR, added to another 20 nations including Afghanistan , Bahrain , Egypt , Iran , Iraq , Jordan , Kazakhstan , Kuwait , Kyrgyzstan , Lebanon , Oman , Pakistan , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , the United Arab Emirates , Uzbekistan and Yemen . The command was established on 1 January 1983. As its name implies, CENTCOM covers

2847-497: The CENTCOM Area of Responsibility . On 15 January 2021, responsibility for Israel was transferred from Europe Command to CENTCOM. In January 2015, CENTCOM's Twitter feed was reported to have been hacked on 11 January by ISIS sympathizers. This situation lasted for less than one hour; no classified information was posted and "none of the information posted came from CENTCOM's server or social media sites"; however, some of

2920-590: The CENTCOM AOR *Assigned to Air Combat Command as the 432nd Wing, but acts as 432nd Air Expeditionary Wing when operating in the CENTCOM AOR Two major subordinate multi-service commands reporting to Central Command were responsible for Afghanistan: Combined Joint Task Force 180 and Combined Forces Command Afghanistan (CFC-A). CFC-A was disestablished in February 2007. From that point onward,

2993-802: The Iranian Army had achieved self-suffiency in producing military equipment, and that the abilities of Iranian scientists have enabled the country to make significant progress in this field. He was quoted saying, "Unlike Western countries which hide their new weapons and munitions from all, the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army is not afraid of displaying its latest military achievements and all countries must become aware of Iran's progress in producing weaponry." Iran has produced several unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , which can be used for reconnaissance and combat operations. Iran has also claimed to have downed, captured and later reverse-engineered US and Israeli drones. Iranian drones have seen extensive combat during

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3066-446: The Iranian government and the public.IEI is considered as the largest electronic conglomerate in Iran. It is an ISO 9000 company. Its products meet international military standards. The company's motto is "Forging Ahead Daily". The company currently maintains six subsidiaries which are each responsible for operational scopes in high-tech fields. The subsidiaries and their respective industries are: Its telecom products also include

3139-648: The Iranian government designated the United States Central Command a terrorist organization after the Trump administration branded Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps with the same label. CENTCOM's main headquarters is located at MacDill Air Force Base , in Tampa, Florida . CENTCOM headquarters staff directorates include personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, plans & policy, information systems, training & exercises, and resources, and other functions. The intelligence section

3212-531: The Iraqi government and its state-sponsored organizations the Popular Mobilization Forces , and Peshmerga during War on ISIL . United States Central Command The United States Central Command ( USCENTCOM or CENTCOM ) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the U.S. Department of Defense . It was established in 1983, taking over the previous responsibilities of

3285-474: The Kurds and enforce a "no-fly" zone in Iraq , north of the 36th parallel, began in April 1991. In August 1992, Operation Southern Watch began in response to Saddam's noncompliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 condemning his brutal repression of Iraqi civilians in southeastern Iraq. Under the command and control of Joint Task Force Southwest Asia, coalition forces in this operation enforced

3358-580: The Middle East had assessed that Iran's missile forces, by far the largest and most diverse in the Middle East, have already achieved overmatch against their adversaries in the region. Iran started a major campaign to produce and stockpile chemical weapons after a truce was agreed with Iraq after 1980-88 Iran–Iraq War . However, Iran ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997. Iranian troops and civilians suffered tens of thousands of casualties from Iraqi chemical weapons during

3431-528: The Persian Gulf to Kuwait and back through the Strait of Hormuz . By late 1988, the regional strategy still largely focused on the potential threat of a massive Soviet invasion of Iran. Exercise Internal Look has been one of CENTCOM's primary planning events. It had frequently been used to train CENTCOM to be ready to defend the Zagros Mountains from a Soviet attack and was held annually. In autumn 1989,

3504-455: The Persian Gulf. Iran later stated it had also captured two other ScanEagles. In November 2015, Iranian special forces assisted in the rescue of a Russian pilot that was shot down by Turkey, over Syria. In April 2016, Iran sent advisors from the 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade to Syria in support of the government. In 2016, Revolutionary Guard forces captured US Navy personnel when their boats entered Iranian territorial waters off

3577-612: The US retaliated for the Iranian mining of the USS  Samuel B. Roberts in Operation Praying Mantis . Simultaneously, the Iranian armed forces had to learn to maintain and keep operational, their large stocks of US-built equipment and weaponry, without outside help, due to the American-led sanctions. However, Iran was able to obtain limited amounts of American-made armaments, when it was able to buy American spare parts and weaponry for its armed forces, during

3650-750: The USS Cole , resulting in the deaths of 17 U.S. sailors, was linked to Osama bin Laden 's Al Qaida organization. From April to July 1999, CENTCOM conducted Exercise Desert Crossing 1999 , centered on the scenario of Saddam Hussein being ousted as Iraq's dictator. It was held in the offices of Booz Allen Hamilton in McLean, Virginia . The exercise concluded that unless measures were taken, "fragmentation and chaos" would ensue after Saddam Hussein's overthrow. The September 11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington DC led President George W. Bush to declare

3723-513: The Western world, especially with proliferation among Iranian-allied forces in the Middle East, as well as exports to countries hostile to the U.S. According to U.S. Central Command chief Gen. Kenneth McKenzie , the U.S is "for the first time since the Korean War operating without complete air superiority" due to threats posed by Iranian drones. All branches of the armed forces fall under

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3796-513: The advancement of a satellite launcher named IRIS . Iran also dedicated underground ballistic missile bases and silos . Older generation platforms, like the Shahab family , are slowly being phased out of service and replaced by newer generation ballistic missiles that emphasise accuracy and manoeuvrability over longer range, such as the Fateh and Sejjil families. By 2020, the U.S military command in

3869-425: The assembly of mobile handsets under licence from the Belgian company Sagem. Iranian Armed Forces The Iranian Armed Forces , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces , are the combined military forces of Iran , comprising the Islamic Republic of Iran Army ( Artesh ), the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ( Sepah ) and the Law Enforcement Command ( Faraja ). Iranian Armed Forces are

3942-618: The auspices of Operation Freedom's Sentinel , which was itself part of NATO's Resolute Support Mission (from 2015 to 2021), and in Iraq and Syria as part of Operation Inherent Resolve since 2014 in supporting and advise-and-assist roles. As of 1 April 2022 , CENTCOM's commander is General Michael E. Kurilla , U.S. Army . Two of the last three United States Secretaries of Defense -- incumbent Lloyd Austin and James Mattis , both of whom required congressional waivers to be confirmed -- were recent CENTCOM commanders. Of all seven American regional unified combatant commands, CENTCOM

4015-409: The capacity to carry 1,400 bombs." These launches came after some United States -led military exercises in the Persian Gulf on October 30, 2006, meant to train for blocking the transport of weapons of mass destruction . Iran is also believed to have started the development of an ICBM/IRBM missile project, known as Ghadr-110 with a range of 3000 km; the program is believed to be a parallel of

4088-401: The coast of Farsi Island in the Persian Gulf. They were released the next day following diplomatic discussions between the US and Iran. In March 2021 state TV in Iran showed footage of a "missile city" armed with ballistic and cruise weapons described as "a new Revolutionary Guard base" along the Gulf coast. In March 2023, Iran is in the process of allowing women to enlist in the military for

4161-413: The command launched Operation Desert Focus, designed to relocate U.S. installations to more defensible locations (such as Prince Sultan Air Base ), reduce the U.S. forward "footprint" by eliminating nonessential billets, and return dependents to the United States. In 1998 terrorists attacked the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania , killing 250 persons, including 12 Americans. The October 2000 attack on

4234-402: The command of the General Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces . The Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics is responsible for planning logistics and funding of the armed forces and is not involved with in-the-field military operational command. The commander-in-chief of the armed forces is the Supreme Leader . After the coup in 1953 , Iran began purchasing some weapons from Israel ,

4307-539: The company used the missile facility at Shiraz . Following the Iranian Revolution and the outbreak of the Iran–Iraq War , Iran began to reorganise its industries to establish a war orientated manufacturing and research focus. IEI was a natural candidate to come under the supervision of the Defense Industries Organization, where it has remained since.The new generation of Iran's national reconnaissance satellites called Toloo (Rise) have been designed and produced by IEI in 2010. It provides products and services for both

4380-417: The countryside, the situation in Mogadishu worsened, and the significant casualties of the Battle of Mogadishu ultimately led President Bill Clinton to order the withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Somalia. Throughout the 1990s, following the Gulf War, terrorist attacks had a major impact on CENTCOM forces. Faced with attacks such as the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers , which killed 19 American airmen,

4453-426: The creation of a United States Africa Command which transferred responsibility for U.S. military operations across Africa to the new USAFRICOM, except for Egypt. On 1   October 2008, the Africa Command became operational and Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa , the primary CENTCOM force on the continent, started reporting to AFRICOM at Stuttgart instead of CENTCOM in Tampa. The Department of Defense uses

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4526-476: The final days of the exercise. U.S. President George Bush responded quickly. A timely deployment of forces and the formation of a coalition deterred Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia , and the command began to focus on the liberation of Kuwait. The buildup of forces continued, reinforced by United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 , which called for Iraqi forces to leave Kuwait. On 17 January 1991, U.S. and coalition forces launched Operation Desert Storm with

4599-491: The first time since the White Revolution . It has been reported that Iran is one of the five countries that has a cyber-army capable of conducting cyber-warfare operations. It has also been reported that Iran has immensely increased its cyberwarfare capability since the post presidential election un-rest. Furthermore, China has accused the United States of having initiated a cyber war against Iran through websites such as Twitter and YouTube in addition to employing

4672-477: The former U.S. Central Command Commanders would later serve as United States Secretary of Defense : General James Mattis and General Lloyd Austin . Mattis served as the 26th U.S. Secretary of Defense. Austin became the 28th U.S. Secretary of Defense on January 22, 2021; he is the current incumbent. The unit awards depicted below are for Headquarters, U.S. Central Command at MacDill AFB. Award for unit decorations do not apply to any subordinate organization such as

4745-475: The growing threat of regional terrorism. To prevent widespread starvation as the Somali Civil War continued, CENTCOM began Operation Provide Relief in 1992 to supply humanitarian assistance to Somalia and northeastern Kenya . CENTCOM's Operation Restore Hope supported United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 and a multinational Unified Task Force, which provided security until the U.N. created UNOSOM II in May 1993. In spite of some UNOSOM II success in

4818-448: The largest in the Middle East in terms of active troops. Iran's military forces are made up of approximately 610,000 active-duty personnel plus 350,000 reserve and trained personnel that can be mobilized when needed, bringing the country's military manpower to about 960,000 total personnel. These numbers do not include Law Enforcement Command or Basij . Most of Iran's imported weapons consist of American systems purchased before

4891-405: The main CENTCOM contingency plan, OPLAN 1002-88, assumed a Soviet attack through Iran to the Persian Gulf. The plan called for five-and-two-thirds US divisions to deploy, mostly light and heavy forces at something less than full strength (apportioned to it by the Joint Strategic Capability Plan [JSCAP]). The original plan called for these five-and-two-thirds divisions to march from the Persian Gulf to

4964-510: The senior leadership of CENTCOM, concluding that "allegations of intelligence being intentionally altered, delayed or suppressed by top CENTCOM officials from mid-2014 to mid-2015 were largely unsubstantiated." In January 2018, Turkey urged the United States to remove its troops from Syrian city of Manbij , saying that otherwise they might come under attack from Turkish troops; however, former CENTCOM commander Joseph Votel confirmed an American commitment to keeping troops in Manbij. In 2019,

5037-456: The slides came from the federally funded Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . In August 2015, intelligence analysts working for CENTCOM complained to the media, alleging that CENTCOM's senior leadership was altering or distorting intelligence reports on the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In February 2017, the Inspector General of the United States Department of Defense completed its investigation and cleared

5110-456: The waters between Iran and Iraq, in the Persian Gulf. They were released thirteen days later. According to Juan Cole , Iran has never launched an "aggressive war" in modern history, and its leadership adheres to a doctrine of "no first strike ". The country's military budget is the lowest per capita in the Persian Gulf region besides the UAE . Since 1979, there have been no foreign military bases present in Iran. According to Article 146 of

5183-458: Was a major subordinate multi-service command during the Iraq War order of battle until it was disestablished in 2011. Elements of other Unified Combatant Commands , especially United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), operate in the CENTCOM area. It appears that SOCCENT does not direct the secretive Task Force 88 , the ad-hoc grouping of Joint Special Operations Command 'black' units such as Delta Force and Army Rangers , which

5256-553: Was speculation, however, that another reason for its establishment was to serve as a base from which raids into Syria could be launched to seize Syrian WMD if necessary, and as a launch pad for looming American military action in Syria. On 1 October 2008 Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa at Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti was transferred to United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM). The United States Forces – Iraq or USF-I,

5329-567: Was taken by surprise by the Iraqi invasion that began the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. During this conflict, there were several conflicts against the United States. From 1987, the United States Central Command sought to stop Iranian mine-laying vessels from blocking the international sea lanes through the Persian Gulf in Operation Prime Chance . The operation lasted until 1989. On April 18, 1988,

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