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49-646: Isando is a town in Ekurhuleni in the Gauteng province of South Africa . It is also the name of the medical cannabis flower produced by MedCan. Industrial township south-west of Kempton Park , 22 km east of Johannesburg . It was laid out on the farm Witkoppie and proclaimed on 21 December 1949. The name is of Bantu origin and it is the Zulu name for a hammer. MedCan is a South African company that produces medical cannabis flower. The flower, called Isando,

98-662: A clandestine organiser in South Africa in the mid-1970s, he permanently returned to South Africa following the unbanning of the ANC in 1990, and took over from Joe Slovo as head of the South African Communist Party (SACP) on 8 December 1991. He supported the suspension of the ANC's armed struggle in favour of negotiations. Chris Hani was assassinated on 10 April 1993 outside his home in Dawn Park ,

147-506: A decision that was welcomed by the SACP. By October 2019, Waluś was still in prison, despite his lawyer's claim that he is completely rehabilitated. On 16 March 2020, Waluś was again denied parole by Justice Minister Ronald Lamola . On 7 December 2022, Waluś was granted parole under strict conditions by Justice Minister Ronald Lamola. Hani's assassination has attracted numerous conspiracy theories about outside involvement. The final report of

196-447: A fighter from the earliest days of MK's exile (following the arrest of Nelson Mandela and the other internal MK leaders at Rivonia ) was an important part in the fierce loyalty that Hani later enjoyed in some quarters as MK's Deputy Commander ( Joe Modise was overall commander). In 1969, Hani co-signed, with six others, the "Hani Memorandum", which was strongly critical of the leadership of Joe Modise , Moses Kotane and other comrades in

245-811: A low cost airline owned by SAA, is headquartered on the grounds of OR Tambo International Airport. Federal Air has its headquarters on the OR Tambo International Airport grounds. 1time has its head office in the Isando Industrial Park. Safair 's head office is in Kempton Park. Airports Company South Africa has its head office in Bedfordview , Ekurhuleni. TAAG Angola Airlines has an office in Bedfordview. There are 11,318 storm water systems and

294-428: A racially mixed suburb of Boksburg . He was accosted by a Polish far-right anti-communist immigrant named Janusz Waluś , who shot him as he stepped out of his car. Waluś fled the scene but was soon arrested after Margareta Harmse, a white Afrikaner housewife, saw Waluś straight after the crime as she was driving past, and called the police. A neighbour of Hani also witnessed the crime and later identified both Waluś, and

343-553: A single year. When Hani was 12 years old, after hearing his father's explanations about apartheid and the African National Congress (ANC), he wished to join the ANC but was still too young to be accepted. In Lovedale school, Hani joined the ANC Youth League when he was 15 years old, even though political activities were not allowed at black schools under apartheid. He influenced other students to join

392-478: A size of 57.4 ha and a maximum capacity of 2839× 10 6 m 3 {\displaystyle 10^{6}m^{3}} . Its depth is approximately 8 metres. On the banks of the lake are a recreational park with playground equipment and braai areas as well as a rowing club and golf club. A wetland of note is the Blesbokriver wetland which stretches over an area of 1858ha. The Bullfrog Pan

441-506: A total lengths of pipes and channels of more than 3800 km. Ekurhuleni has at least 16 golf courses and is home to the international Golf Tournament the South African Open held at Glendower Golf Club . There is an over 100 year old rowing club at the bank of Germiston Lake, and over 30 swimming pools can be found in the city. Ekurhuleni United FC play in the fourth division of South African Football. Ekurhuleni has

490-540: A year after Hani's assassination. In October 1993, both Janusz Waluś and Clive Derby-Lewis were convicted for the murder and sentenced to death. Derby-Lewis's wife, Gaye, was acquitted. Both men's sentences were commuted to life imprisonment when the death penalty was abolished as a result of a Constitutional Court ruling in 1995. Hani's killers appeared before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission , claiming political motivation for their crimes and applying for amnesty on

539-536: Is a temperate climate of warm summers and dry winters. In the winter months (May - October) the city has a diurnal temperature pattern with a high amplitude, as temperatures can range from freezing at night to mid 20s °C in the day. The main precipitation falls between October and March with a monthly average precipitation of up to 148 mm which falls usually in convective thundershowers. The daily maximum temperatures in October–March are on average 27°C. The Winter

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588-743: Is almost 10 hectares and is home to more than 150 bird species. In 2017, the Chris Hani memorial at Thomas Nkobi Memorial Park in Boksburg was revealed during the 22nd commemoration of his death. The Chris Hani memorial site consists of the Monument, the Walk of Remembrance and the Wall of Remembrance which recognizes the historical events, places and people associated with the liberation struggle of South Africa. The Thokoza Wall of Remembrance commemorates

637-528: Is at the Gillooly's Ridge – Bill Stewart Side – Fisher's Hill at 1772 metres asl. The lowest point is at 1552 metres asl. The city is rich in wetlands, pans, streams and rivers. The city is highly urbanised; however, the north especially has high-potential agricultural land. Ekurhuleni has a subtropical highland climate ( Cwb ) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate classification . This

686-481: Is grown in Isando, Gauteng, and is made from high-quality cannabis plants. MedCan's medical cannabis flower is available in a variety of strains, each with its own unique benefits. The flower may be used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including chronic pain, anxiety, and insomnia. This Gauteng location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ekurhuleni The municipality

735-676: Is home to the Rand Refinery , the largest integrated single-site precious metals refining and smelting complex in the world. The city is an important manufacturing centre in South Africa, contributing 32% of manufacturing production. The city has been described as "the workshop of the country". It contributes 11% to the GVA of South Africa. Ekurhuleni has held the "Manufacturing Indaba" Conference every year since 2014. This two-day conference provides contacts and networking between business owners, industry owners, capital providers, experts and

784-494: Is mostly dry with only a few cold fronts reaching the highveld from the southern Atlantic Ocean. The 2011 census divided the municipality into inter alia the following main places : Germiston Lake is a natural pan in the Elsburgspruit system and has a catchment area of 1174ha. It is fed mostly by surface runoff water and storm water drains. The lake is one of the cleanest bodies of water in South Africa. It has

833-485: Is one of 13 cities and towns in South Africa to implement the bus rapid transit (BRT) system. Phase 1 of the project runs from Tembisa to Vosloorus via Kempton Park and the OR Tambo International Airport . New routes have been integrated from Katlehong to Rhodesfield , from Vosloorus to Rhodesfield, and from Reiger Park to Rhodesfield. Passengers are served by Metrorail which sustains

882-658: The Soviet Union and served in campaigns in the Zimbabwean War of Liberation , also called the Rhodesian Bush War. They were joint operations between Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army in the late 1960s. The Luthuli Detachment operation consolidated Hani's reputation as a soldier in the black army that took the field against apartheid and its allies. His role as

931-465: The 2001 census . Ekurhuleni has two school districts: Ekurhuleni North and Ekurhuleni South. There are 671 schools in Ekurhuleni, of which 137 are independent. Ekurhuleni has two colleges of further education and training (FET) as well as two centres of adult education and training (AET). The municipal government under Executive Mayor Mzwandile Masina conducted a feasibility study and lobbied

980-731: The 2016 municipal elections, were blocked by the High Court of South Africa in 2015. The name Ekurhuleni meaning place of peace alludes to the fact that the East Rand townships were the site of severe political violence between supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party and the ANC in the early 1990s, prior to South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994. Ekurhuleni lies on the highveld plateau at about 1600 metres in altitude above sea level (asl). The highest elevation

1029-640: The ANC. In 1959, at the University of Fort Hare in Alice, Eastern Cape , Hani studied English, Latin and modern and classical literature. He did not participate in any sport, saying: "I would rather fight apartheid than play sport." Hani, in an interview on the Wankie campaign, mentioned that he was a Rhodes University graduate. At the age of 15, he joined the ANC Youth League . As a student, he

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1078-641: The Ekurhuleni masters league, a soccer league of retired pros and talented players who did not make the cut. 38 eco "outdoor gyms" can be found in Ekurhuleni. Although Eskom has identified Ekurhuleni as a municipality with a poor payment record, its 2021 debt with the power utility amounted to R8 million which compared favourably with the rest of Gauteng. Chris Hani Chris Hani (28 June 1942 – 10 April 1993), born Martin Thembisile Hani SSA , SBS , CLS , DMG , MMS ,

1127-612: The Municipal Structures Act, the Executive Mayor is responsible for directing and monitoring, and presiding over Mayoral Committee. The Mayoral Committee comprises the administrative branch of the municipality and is responsible for bringing to effect the by-laws of the Municipal Council, administering the responsibilities designated by national and provincial legislation, as well as providing for

1176-777: The North Gauteng High Court of South Africa ordered Waluś to be released on parole under bail conditions. The Department of Justice and Correctional Services lodged an appeal against the parole decision to the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein . The Department of Home Affairs has indicated that Waluś may have his South African citizenship revoked. On 18 August 2017, the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein overturned Waluś's parole,

1225-497: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission said it "was unable to find evidence that the two murderers convicted of the killing of Chris Hani took orders from international groups, security forces or from higher up in the right-wing echelons". Hani was a charismatic leader, with significant support among the radical anti-apartheid youth. At the time of his death, he was the most popular ANC leader after his senior, Nelson Mandela. Following

1274-417: The airport from anywhere in Ekurhuleni in 25 min. The major aim will be logistics and connecting the local industry and agriculture to the world markets. O.R. Tambo International Airport has two terminals handling domestic and international flights. Terminal A handles international traffic and Terminal B domestic flights. The airport services airlines from all five continents and plays a vital role in serving

1323-611: The basis that they had acted on the orders of the Conservative Party. The Hani family was represented by the anti-apartheid lawyer George Bizos . Their applications were denied when the TRC ruled that they had not acted under orders. Following several failed attempts, Derby-Lewis was granted medical parole in May 2015 after he had been diagnosed with terminal lung cancer; he died 18 months later, on 3 November 2016. On 10 March 2016,

1372-410: The country and the world. ... Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for – the freedom of all of us. While riots followed the assassination, both sides of the negotiation process were galvanised into action, and they soon agreed that the democratic elections should take place on 27 April 1994 , just over

1421-767: The dismantling of Apartheid in South Africa. It is situated on the banks of the Leeupan Wetland. It also has an exhibition of environmental education aimed at children. Since 2016, Ekurhuleni has hosted the Ekurhuleni International Film Festival. In 2016, 3,379,104 people lived in Ekurhuleni, of whom 22.7% were under 15 years old, 71.2% were between the ages of 15-64 and 6.1% were older than 65 years old. Ekurhuleni had 1,299,490 households with an average people per household number of 2.6. 80.2% of people lived in formal dwellings and 52.9% owned housing. The following statistics are from

1470-552: The government. Ekurhuleni is connected to the main motorways in South Africa via the M2 , N3 , N17 , R21 , R24 and R59 highways. As Ekurhuleni is part of the Johannesburg Conurbation , Transport routes in Ekurhuleni share the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg . The road network in Ekurhuleni spans 8,024 km of paved roads and approximately 1,200 km of gravel road. Ekurhuleni

1519-577: The jurisdiction of the metropolitan government is regulated by the Municipal Demarcation Board . As of 11 April 2011, the Municipal Council approved the separation of the legislative and executive functions of the metropolitan government. The executive head of the municipality is the Executive Mayor, who as of 31 March 2023 is Sivuyile Ngodwana , of the African Independent Congress . Under Section 56 of

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1568-741: The leadership. In Lesotho, Hani organised guerrilla operations of the MK in South Africa. By 1982, he had become prominent enough to have become the target of assassination attempts, and he eventually moved to the ANC's headquarters in Lusaka , Zambia . As head of Umkhonto we Sizwe, he was responsible for the suppression of a mutiny by dissident anti-Communist ANC members in detention camps, but denied any role in abuses including torture and murder. Many MK female operatives, such as Dipuo Mvelase, adored Chris Hani for having protected women's rights and caring about their wellbeing at military camps. Having spent time as

1617-494: The legalisation of the ANC, His support for the negotiation process with the apartheid government was critical in keeping the militants in line. In 1993, French philosopher Jacques Derrida dedicated Spectres de Marx (1993) to Hani. In 1997, Baragwanath Hospital, one of the largest hospitals in the world, was renamed the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in his memory. In September 2004, Hani

1666-484: The local, regional, intra- and inter-continental air transport needs of South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. It is the biggest and busiest airport in Africa. OR Tambo International handles more than 20 million passengers per year and employs more than 18,000 people. South African Airways , the flagship air carrier of South Africa, and its subsidiary South African Express have their head offices in Ekurhuleni. Mango ,

1715-510: The minister responsible for local government, namely the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs , is responsible for the designation of municipalities. As per the act and regulations issued by the Minister, Ekurhuleni is designated as a category A municipality and is thus a metropolitan municipality . The external boundaries of the municipality and subsequently the remit of

1764-532: The national government to establish a university in Ekurhuleni which was formally announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa in the 2020 State of the Nation Address. The governance of Ekurhuleni is set out by Chapter 7 of the Constitution of South Africa which governs the operation and function of local government in South Africa. The Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998 states that

1813-602: The passenger rail network in the Western Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. Seven train lines serve Ekurhuleni. Ekurhuleni has the largest rail hub in South Africa used by Transnet . Several airline companies are headquartered in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni. Ekurhuleni is Gauteng's first aerotropolis. This is a metropolis with an airport at its centre. One should be able to get to

1862-525: The people who died in the fight between the Inkatha Freedom Party and the residents. Ekurhuleni has a rich cultural life. In 2017, the Thami Mnyele Fine arts award had its 30th anniversary. The local music scene is well and alive and Ekurhuleni gave rise to a few notable music stars. O.R. Tambo Narrative Centre tells visitors all about the lives and contributions of the Tambo couple towards

1911-728: The political oversight for the functioning of the city structures. A professional civil servant known as the City Manager, currently Dr Imogen Mashazi, is responsible for the technical and managerial direction and oversight of the municipality. In 2014/2015, the city ranked highest out of all metros in South Africa in the Business Day Index, measuring how well cities and towns spend resident's money. The municipal council consists of 224 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation . Of these 224, 112 are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 112 wards , while

1960-622: The remaining 112 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the 2021 South African municipal election , no party obtained a majority of seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the 2021 election. As of 2014 , the GDP of Ekurhuleni was estimated at over US$ 55 billion ( PPP ), being US$ 17,361 per person. Ekurhuleni has an active workforce of 1.6 million people of whom 28.8% are unemployed. Ekurhuleni makes up 6.2% of national production. Ekurhuleni

2009-468: The vehicle he was driving at the time. Clive Derby-Lewis , a senior South African Conservative Party MP and Shadow Minister for Economic Affairs at the time, who had lent Waluś his pistol, was also arrested for complicity in Hani's murder. The Conservative Party of South Africa had broken away from the ruling National Party out of opposition to the reforms of P. W. Botha . After the elections of 1989, it

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2058-719: Was active in protests against the Bantu Education Act . He worked as a clerk for a law firm. Following his graduation, he joined Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the armed wing of the ANC. Following his arrest under the Suppression of Communism Act , he went into exile in Lesotho in 1963. Because of Hani's involvement with Umkhonto we Sizwe, he was forced into hiding by the South African government and changed his first name to Chris. He received military training in

2107-551: Was born on 28 June 1942 in the Xhosa village in Cofimvaba , Transkei . His father Gilbert Hani was a mine union worker and political activist who left the country to go into exile in 1962 and returned to South Africa in 1991. His mother Mary Hani was a simple person who had never attended school. He was the fifth of six children. He attended Lovedale school in 1957, to finish his last two years. He twice finished two school grades in

2156-638: Was commissioned by Cape Town Opera and the University of Cape Town , premiering at the Baxter Theatre on 21 November 2010. A District Municipality in the Eastern Cape was named the Chris Hani District Municipality . This district includes Queenstown , Cofimvaba and Lady Frere . The Thembisile Hani Local Municipality in Mpumalanga also bears his name. In 2009, after extension of Cape Town's Central Line ,

2205-689: Was established in 2000, the result of a merger between the Eastern Gauteng Services Council, the Khayalami Metropolitan Council, and the previous municipalities of Alberton, Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Edenvale/Lethabong, Germiston, Kempton Park/Tembisa, Nigel and Springs. The planned expansion of Ekurhuleni through the abolition of the Lesedi Local Municipality , which includes Heidelberg , and its absorption into Ekurhuleni after

2254-478: Was not yet president of the country: Tonight I am reaching out to every single South African, black and white, from the very depths of my being. A white man, full of prejudice and hate, came to our country and committed a deed so foul that our whole nation now teeters on the brink of disaster. A white woman, of Afrikaner origin, risked her life so that we may know, and bring to justice, this assassin. The cold-blooded murder of Chris Hani has sent shock waves throughout

2303-547: Was the leader of the South African Communist Party and chief of staff of uMkhonto we Sizwe , the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). He was a fierce opponent of the apartheid government, and was assassinated by Janusz Waluś , a Polish immigrant and sympathiser of the Conservative opposition on 10 April 1993, during the unrest preceding the transition to democracy . Martin Thembisile Hani

2352-526: Was the second-strongest party in the House of Assembly , after the National Party, and opposed F. W. de Klerk 's dismantling of apartheid . Historically, the assassination is seen as a turning point. Serious tensions followed the assassination, with fears that the country would erupt in violence. Nelson Mandela addressed the nation appealing for calm, in a speech regarded as presidential even though he

2401-420: Was voted 20th in the controversial Top 100 Greatest South Africans poll. Days after his assassination, the rock group Dave Matthews Band (whose lead singer and guitarist, Dave Matthews , is from South Africa) began playing what would become " #36 ", with lyrics and chorus referring to Hani's shooting. A short opera, Hani , by composer Bongani Ndodana-Breen with libretto by film producer Mfundi Vundla,

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