Features
85-538: Types Types Features Clothing Genres Art music Folk Prose Islamic Poetry Genres Forms Arabic prosody National literatures of Arab States Concepts Texts Fictional Arab people South Arabian deities Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE by people who lived within territories inhabited or ruled by Muslim populations. Referring to characteristic traditions across
170-610: A non-fiction form of Islamic advice literature , and various fictional literary genres . The definition of Islamic literature is a matter of debate, with some definitions categorizing anything written in a majority-Muslim nation as "Islamic" so long as the work can be appropriated into an Islamic framework, even if the work is not authored by a Muslim. By this definition, categories like Indonesian literature , Somali literature , Pakistani literature , and Persian literature would all qualify as Islamic literature. A second definition focuses on all works authored by Muslims, regardless of
255-409: A cup seated upon a lion throne, similar to that of Solomon. A late 12th–13th century bowl depicts an enthroned Seljuk ruler with messengers to either side and headed winged jinn . Other usage of early figurative arts are illustrations of animal fables. Many of them are of Sanskrit origin and translated into Middle Persian in the sixth century for delight, ethical discussion, and political edification. In
340-424: A design may have figurative painting of animals or single human figures. These were often part of designs mostly made up of tiles in plain colours, but with larger fully painted tiles at intervals. The larger tiles are often shaped as eight-pointed stars, and may show animals or a human head or bust, or plant or other motifs. The geometric patterns, such as modern North African zellij work, made of small tiles each of
425-540: A large and widespread village and nomadic industry producing work that stayed closer to traditional local designs. As well as pile carpets, kelims and other types of flat-weave or embroidered textiles were produced, for use on both floors and walls. Figurative designs, sometimes with large human figures, are very popular in Islamic countries but relatively rarely exported to the West, where abstract designs are generally what
510-598: A major export to other areas since the late Middle Ages, used to cover not only floors but tables, for long a widespread European practice that is now common only in the Netherlands . Carpet weaving is a rich and deeply embedded tradition in Islamic societies, and the practice is seen in large city factories as well as in rural communities and nomadic encampments. In earlier periods, special establishments and workshops were in existence that functioned directly under court patronage. Very early Islamic carpets, i.e. those before
595-526: A number of tales are known in Europe as "Arabian Nights", despite existing in no Arabic manuscript. This compilation has been influential in the West since it was first translated by Antoine Galland in the 18th century. Many imitations were written, especially in France. In the 12th century, Ibn Tufail wrote the novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan , or Philosophus Autodidactus ( The Self-Taught Philosopher ), as
680-466: A response to al-Ghazali 's The Incoherence of the Philosophers . The novel, which features a protagonist who has been spontaneously generated on an island, demonstrates the harmony of religion and philosophy and the virtues of an inquiring soul. In the same century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote the novel Theologus Autodidactus ( The Self-Taught Theologian ) in response to Ibn Tufail’s work; the novel
765-485: A rich tradition, especially in Persian , Mughal and Ottoman painting . These pictures were often meant to illustrate well-known historical or poetic stories. Some interpretations of Islam, however, include a ban of depiction of animate beings, also known as aniconism. Islamic aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that creation of living forms is God's prerogative. Although
850-427: A show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection, although this theory has also been disputed. East Persian pottery from the 9th to 11th centuries, decorated only with highly stylised inscriptions and called "epigraphic ware", has been described as "probably the most refined and sensitive of all Persian pottery". Large inscriptions made from tiles, sometimes with the letters raised in relief , or
935-752: A significant influence on Islamic painting, pottery, and textiles. From its beginnings, Islamic art has been based on the written version of the Quran and other seminal religious works, which is reflected by the important role of calligraphy, representing the word as the medium of divine revelation. Religious Islamic art has been typically characterized by the absence of figures and extensive use of calligraphic , geometric and abstract floral patterns. Nevertheless, representations of human and animal forms historically flourished in nearly all Islamic cultures, although, partly because of opposing religious sentiments, living beings in paintings were often stylized, giving rise to
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#17327941782371020-419: A single colour but different and regular shapes, are often referred to as " mosaic ", which is not strictly correct. Islamic literature Islamic literature is literature written by Muslim people, influenced by an Islamic cultural perspective, or literature that portrays Islam . It can be written in any language and portray any country or region. It includes many literary forms including adabs ,
1105-482: A single colour that are either cut to shape or are small and of a few shapes, used to create abstract geometric patterns. Later large painted schemes use tiles painted before firing with a part of the scheme – a technique requiring confidence in the consistent results of firing. Some elements, especially the letters of inscriptions, may be moulded in three-dimensional relief , and in especially in Persia certain tiles in
1190-663: A tolerant, intellectual island where I can deal with Dostoyevsky and Sartre, both great influences for me". The International Prize for Arabic Fiction is a literary prize managed in association with the Booker Prize Foundation in London and supported by the Emirates Foundation in Abu Dhabi . The prize is for prose fiction by Arabic authors. Each year, the winner of the prize receives US$ 50,000 and
1275-446: A variety of decorative figural designs. Both religious and secular art objects often exhibit the same references, styles and forms. These include calligraphy, architecture, textiles and furnishings, such as carpets and woodwork. Secular arts and crafts include the production of textiles, such as clothing, carpets or tents, as well as household objects, made from metal, wood or other materials. Further, figurative miniature paintings have
1360-429: A vowel followed by a single-rhyming letter. The most common form of Persian poetry comes in the ghazal, a love-themed short poem made of seven to twelve verses and composed in the monorhyme scheme. Urdu poetry is known for its richness, multiple genres, traditions of live public performances through Mushairas , Qawwali and Ghazal singing in modern times. Ferdowsi 's Shahnameh , the national epic poem of Iran ,
1445-405: A wide range of lands, periods, and genres, Islamic art is a concept used first by Western art historians in the late 19th century. Public Islamic art is traditionally non- representational , except for the widespread use of plant forms, usually in varieties of the spiralling arabesque . These are often combined with Islamic calligraphy , geometric patterns in styles that are typically found in
1530-562: A wide variety of media, from small objects in ceramic or metalwork to large decorative schemes in tiling on the outside and inside of large buildings, including mosques . Other forms of Islamic art include Islamic miniature painting, artefacts like Islamic glass or pottery , and textile arts, such as carpets and embroidery . The early developments of Islamic art were influenced by Roman art , Early Christian art (particularly Byzantine art ), and Sassanian art, with later influences from Central Asian nomadic traditions. Chinese art had
1615-792: Is a defense of the rationality of prophetic revelation. The protagonists of both these narratives were feral children (Hayy in Hayy ibn Yaqdhan and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus ) who were autodidactic (self-taught) and living in seclusion on a desert island . A Latin translation of Philosophus Autodidactus first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. Robert Boyle 's own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist , may have been inspired by
1700-558: Is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history . Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story. Beginning in the 15th century Bengali poetry , originating depicts the themes of internal conflict with the nafs , Islamic cosmology , historical battles, love and existential ideas concerning one’s relationship with society. The historical works of Shah Muhammad Sagir , Alaol , Abdul Hakim , Syed Sultan and Daulat Qazi mixed Bengali folk poetry with Perso-Arabian stories and themes, and are considered an important part of
1785-636: Is meant to include "all of the arts produced by Muslim peoples, whether connected with their religion or not." Calligraphic design is omnipresent in Islamic art, where, as in Europe in the Middle Ages , religious exhortations, including Qur'anic verses, may be included in secular objects, especially coins, tiles and metalwork, and most painted miniatures include some script, as do many buildings. Use of Islamic calligraphy in architecture extended significantly outside of Islamic territories; one notable example
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#17327941782371870-547: Is the use of Chinese calligraphy of Arabic verses from the Qur'an in the Great Mosque of Xi'an . Other inscriptions include verses of poetry, and inscriptions recording ownership or donation. Two of the main scripts involved are the symbolic kufic and naskh scripts, which can be found adorning and enhancing the visual appeal of the walls and domes of buildings, the sides of minbars , and metalwork. Islamic calligraphy in
1955-489: The Abbasid Caliphate (c. 749–1258). Prior to the early 14th century, a halo was a common symbol to designate rulers. Under Asian influence, the halo as a symbol of sacredness was replaced by a flame. Reminiscent of the Islamic prophet Solomon, rulers were often depicted as sitting on a throne endowed with religious symbols. An ivory casket carved in early eleventh century Cordova shows a Spanish Muslim ruler holding
2040-4669: The Arabic language and Arabic literature ; science ; and medicine . Three of the prizes are widely considered as the most prestigious awards in the Muslim world. List of museums of Islamic art Islamic art is collected by museums, galleries and private collectors in many countries around the world. Country City Institution Collection size Founding date Official web site Ref. [REDACTED] Algeria Algiers National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art [2] [REDACTED] Australia Melbourne Islamic Museum of Australia [3] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Austrian National Library [4] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum [5] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Museum of Applied Arts [6] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Weltmuseum Wien [7] [REDACTED] Brunei Brunei Brunei Museum [REDACTED] Canada Toronto Aga Khan Museum 1,000 2014 [8] [REDACTED] Canada Toronto Royal Ontario Museum [9] [REDACTED] Denmark Copenhagen The David Collection 2,500 1945 [10] [REDACTED] Egypt Cairo Museum of Islamic Art 100,000 [11] [REDACTED] Egypt Cairo National Library [12] [REDACTED] Egypt Cairo Coptic Museum [13] [REDACTED] France Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France [14] [REDACTED] France Paris Arab World Institute [15] [REDACTED] France Paris Musée des Arts Décoratifs [16] [REDACTED] France Lyon Musée des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs [17] [REDACTED] France Paris Louvre Museum 18,000 2012 [18] [REDACTED] Germany Bamberg Universitätsmuseum für Islamische Kunst 7,000 2008 [19] [REDACTED] Germany Berlin Islamic Art Museum 16,000 1904 [20] [REDACTED] Germany Cologne Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum [21] [REDACTED] Germany Dresden Dresden Museum of Ethnology [22] [REDACTED] Germany Düsseldorf Hetjens-Museum [ de ] [23] [REDACTED] Germany Hamburg Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe [24] [REDACTED] Germany Karlsruhe Badisches Landesmuseum [25] [REDACTED] Germany Leipzig Leipzig Museum of Ethnography [26] [REDACTED] Germany Munich Museum Five Continents [27] [REDACTED] Germany Stuttgart Linden Museum [28] [REDACTED] Greece Athens Benaki Museum 8,000 [29] [REDACTED] Iran Kashmar Hassan Modarres Museum 200 2004 [REDACTED] Iran Isfahan Museum of Decorative Arts, Isfahan 3,000 1995 [REDACTED] Iran Mashhad Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum 1937 [REDACTED] Iran Mashhad Great Museum of Khosran 2015 [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Abgineh Museum of Tehran [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Calligraphy Museum of Iran 200 2017 [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Carpet Museum 1978 [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Dafineh Museum 1997 [30] [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Gulistan Museum [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Malek National Museum and Library 19,000 1996 [31] [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Museum of Decorative Arts [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Museum of
2125-2895: The Dallas Museum of Art ) 1,642 [76] [REDACTED] USA Los Angeles Los Angeles County Museum of Art [77] [REDACTED] USA New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 15,000 [78] [REDACTED] USA New York New York Public Library [79] [REDACTED] USA St. Louis Saint Louis Art Museum 250 1904 [80] [REDACTED] USA Honolulu Shangri La Museum of Islamic Art, Culture & Design 2,500 2002 [81] [REDACTED] USA Washington, D.C . George Washington University Museum and Textile Museum 1925 [82] [REDACTED] Yemen Sana'a National Museum of Yemen 1971 See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Architecture portal [REDACTED] Islam portal [REDACTED] Lists portal Lists of museums References [ edit ] ^ "National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-15 . ^ "First Islamic museum in Australia launches in Melbourne with major UAE influence" . The National . 28 February 2014 . Retrieved 2 March 2014 . ^ Khalili, Nasser D. (2005). The timeline history of Islamic art and architecture . London: Worth. p. 182. ISBN 1903025176 . OCLC 61177501 . ^ "Kunsthistorisches Museum" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ "Weltmuseum Wien" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ "Mission" . Aga Khan Museum . Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Siddiqui, Haroon (10 September 2014). "Aga Khan Museum will prove to be of historic significance: Siddiqui | The Star" . thestar.com . Retrieved 2019-04-08 . ^ Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2009). "A Global Guide to Islamic Art" . SaudiAramcoWorld.com . ^ "Collection" . www.miaegypt.org . Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Les arts de l'Islam au musée du Louvre, septembre 2012- Un écrin pour les arts de l'Islam , p. 2. ^ "Universitätsmuseum für Islamische Kunst - Islamische Kunstgeschichte und Archäologie: Orientalistik" . ^ [1] Archived June 11, 2007, at
2210-686: The Muslim culture of Bengal. Ginans are devotional hymns or poems recited by Shia Ismaili Muslims . Dante Alighieri 's Divine Comedy , considered the greatest epic of Italian literature , derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology : the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber scalae Machometi , "The Book of Muhammad's Ladder") concerning Muhammad 's ascension to Heaven, and
2295-487: The Persianate world, especially for poetry, and Turkish , with Urdu appearing in later centuries. Calligraphers usually had a higher status than other artists. For a long time, Islam was considered aniconic. Existing pictures among the Muslim royalty have been described as an "aberration" by Thomas Walker Arnold and ascribed to only a later Persinate and Turkic cultural period. However, figurative arts existed since
2380-463: The Reconquista . Armenian carpet -weaving is mentioned by many early sources, and may account for a much larger proportion of East Turkish and Caucasian production than traditionally thought. The Berber carpets of North Africa have a distinct design tradition. Apart from the products of city workshops, in touch with trading networks that might carry the carpets to markets far away, there was also
2465-714: The Tanzimat period of the 19th century. Cultural Muslim poetry is influenced by both Islamic metaphors and local poetic forms of various regions including the Arabic tradition of Qasida actually beginning since ancient pre-Islamic times. Some Sufi traditions are known for their devotional poetry . Arab poetry influenced the rest of Muslim poetry world over. Likewise Persian poetry too shared its influences beyond borders of modern-day Iran particularly in south Asian languages like Urdu Bengali etc.. Genres present in classical Persian poetry vary and are determined by rhyme, which consists of
2550-808: The Wayback Machine ^ "۲۰۰ اثر در موزه شهید مدرس نگهداری میشود" . www.irna.ir (in Persian) . Retrieved 2024-02-02 . ^ "Calligraphy Museum of Iran" . Tehran Beautification Organization (in Persian) . Retrieved 2023-03-30 . ^ "The Chester Beatty Library" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ Al-Mazār al-Janūbī Islamic Museum, Jordan's Ministry of Culture (Arabic) ^ "Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ "ABOUT US - The Al-Sabah Collection" . thealsabahcollection.com . 2021-11-17 . Retrieved 2024-07-07 . Today,
2635-520: The category of Islamic law dealing with etiquette , or a gesture of greeting . According to Issa J. Boullata, Adab material had been growing in volume in Arabia before Islam and had been transmitted orally for the most part. With the advent of Islam, its growth continued and it became increasingly diversified. It was gradually collected and written down in books, ayrab literature other material adapted from Persian, Sanskrit, Greek, and other tongues as
Islamic art - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-695: The 13th century, strongly influencing the Ottoman miniature of Turkey and the Mughal miniature in India. The term "Persian miniature" refers whereby to the language used to decorate the images, and should not obscure its ties to Arabic imagery. Siyah Qalam (Black Pen), frequently depicts anecdotes charged with Islamic imagery about the animal souls ( nafs ) and the " ruling soul " ( rūḥ ). Most human characters are clothed like dervishes and bearded like ascetics in Islamic tradition. Animals often feature as symbol of
2805-409: The 16th and 17th centuries are still produced in large numbers today. The description of older carpets has tended to use the names of carpet-making centres as labels, but often derived from the design rather than any actual evidence that they originated from around that centre. Research has clarified that designs were by no means always restricted to the centre they are traditionally associated with, and
2890-548: The 16th century, are extremely rare. More have survived in the West and oriental carpets in Renaissance painting from Europe are a major source of information on them, as they were valuable imports that were painted accurately. The most natural and easy designs for a carpet weaver to produce consist of straight lines and edges, and the earliest Islamic carpets to survive or be shown in paintings have geometric designs, or centre on very stylized animals, made up in this way. Since
2975-748: The 21th century, iconophobic followers of various Islamist groups , such as the Taliban , aim to destroy forms of Islamic figurative depictions. Motivated by Saudi mentors ( Wahhabism ), the Taliban launched an attack on arts in March 2001 in Afghanistan . The religious justification derives from a hadith mentioned by Sahih Bukhari . Others see the rejection of iconography as rooting in a strict aversion to depiction of God throughout Islamic tradition. No Islamic artistic product has become better known outside
3060-596: The 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize. In 1989, in an interview following the fatwa against him for alleged blaspheme in his novel The Satanic Verses , Rushdie said that he was in a sense a lapsed Muslim, though "shaped by Muslim culture more than any other", and a student of Islam. Oman author Jokha Alharthi (b.1978) was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Man Booker International Prize in 2019 with her novel Celestial Bodies . The book focuses on three Omani sisters and
3145-449: The 8th century, they were translated into Arabic. Although there has been a tradition of wall-paintings, especially in the Persianate world, the best-surviving and highest developed form of painting in the Islamic world is the miniature in illuminated manuscripts , or later as a single page for inclusion in a muraqqa or bound album of miniatures and calligraphy . The tradition of the Persian miniature has been dominant since about
3230-551: The 8th century, under Egyptian influence, but most of the best production was much later, by potters presumed to have been largely Muslim but working in areas reconquered by the Christian kingdoms. It mixed Islamic and European elements in its designs, and much was exported across neighbouring European countries. It had introduced two ceramic techniques to Europe : glazing with an opaque white tin-glaze , and painting in metallic lusters . Ottoman İznik pottery produced most of
3315-663: The 8th century. Another significant contribution was the development of stonepaste ceramics , originating from 9th century Iraq. The first industrial complex for glass and pottery production was built in Raqqa , Syria , in the 8th century. Other centers for innovative pottery in the Islamic world included Fustat (from 975 to 1075), Damascus (from 1100 to around 1600) and Tabriz (from 1470 to 1550). Lusterwares with iridescent colours may have continued pre-Islamic Roman and Byzantine techniques, but were either invented or considerably developed on pottery and glass in Persia and Syria from
3400-567: The 9th century onwards. Islamic pottery was often influenced by Chinese ceramics , whose achievements were greatly admired and emulated. This was especially the case in the periods after the Mongol invasions and those of the Timurids . Techniques, shapes and decorative motifs were all affected. Until the Early Modern period Western ceramics had very little influence, but Islamic pottery
3485-470: The Arab world and beyond, is responsible for appointing six new judges each year, and for the overall management of the prize. The King Faisal Prize ( Arabic : جائزة الملك فيصل ) is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation presented to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference". The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam ; Islamic studies ;
Islamic art - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-561: The Arabic language spread with the expansion of Islam's political dominion in the world. It included stories and saying from the Bible, the Qur’ān, and the Ḥadīth. Eventually, the heritage of adab became so large that philologists and other scholars had to make selections, therefore, each according to his interests and his plans to meet the needs of particular readers, such as students seeking learning and cultural refinement, or persons associated with
3655-1161: The Arts of Pilgrimage 4,500 [66] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London Royal Asiatic Society [67] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Edinburgh National Museum of Scotland (formerly Royal Scottish Museum) [68] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Manchester John Rylands University Library [69] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London Victoria and Albert Museum 19,000 [70] [REDACTED] USA Baltimore Walters Art Museum [71] [REDACTED] USA Boston Museum of Fine Arts 116 [72] [REDACTED] USA Cleveland Cleveland Museum of Art [73] [REDACTED] USA Corning, NY Corning Museum of Glass [74] [REDACTED] USA Washington, D.C . Freer Gallery of Art 2,200 [75] [REDACTED] USA Dallas Keir Collection (currently on loan to
3740-887: The Arts of Pilgrimage , Victoria and Albert Museum ) North America Canada ( Aga Khan Museum ) United States ( America's Islamic Heritage Museum , Harvard Art Museums , Los Angeles County Museum of Art , Metropolitan Museum of Art , Walters Art Museum , Shangri La (Doris Duke) ) Oceania Australia ( Islamic Museum of Australia ) Virtual Museum with No Frontiers Part of Islamic arts Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_museums_of_Islamic_art&oldid=1233097954 " Categories : Islamic art Lists of museums by subject Islamic museums Lists of art museums and galleries Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1 Persian-language sources (fa) Articles with short description Short description
3825-655: The Asian Collections - Victoria and Albert Museum" . Vam.ac.uk . Archived from the original on 2009-03-21 . Retrieved 2015-12-27 . ^ "Results | Advanced Search Objects | The MFAH Collections" . emuseum.mfah.org . Retrieved 2024-07-07 . ^ "Collections: Arts of the Islamic World" . Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art . Retrieved 2022-09-14 . ^ "Dallas Museum of Art" . dma.org . Retrieved 2024-07-07 . ^ Simek, Peter (2014-05-22). "Why
3910-2929: The Haram al-Sharif [REDACTED] Portugal Lisbon Calouste Gulbenkian Museum [43] [REDACTED] Qatar Doha Museum of Islamic Art [44] [REDACTED] Romania Bucharest National Museum of Art of Romania [45] [REDACTED] Russia Saint Petersburg State Hermitage Museum [46] [REDACTED] Russia Moscow Museum of Oriental Art [47] [REDACTED] Spain Madrid National Archaeological Museum [48] [REDACTED] Sweden Stockholm Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities [49] [REDACTED] Switzerland Bern Abegg-Stiftung [ fr ] [50] [REDACTED] Switzerland Geneva Musée d'Art et d'Histoire [51] [REDACTED] Syria Damascus National Museum of Damascus [52] [REDACTED] Tunisia Tunis Bardo National Museum [53] [REDACTED] Turkey Istanbul Topkapı Palace [54] [REDACTED] Turkey Istanbul Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum 40,000 [55] [REDACTED] Turkey Istanbul Vakiflar Museum [REDACTED] Turkey Istanbul Archaeological Museum [REDACTED] Turkey Istanbul Istanbul University Library [56] [REDACTED] Ukraine Kyiv Museum of Western and Oriental Art [57] [REDACTED] United Arab Emirates Sharjah Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization 5,000 [58] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Oxford Ashmolean Museum [59] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Oxford Bodleian Library [60] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London British Library [61] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London British Museum 40,000 [62] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Edinburgh Edinburgh University Library [63] [REDACTED] United Kingdom Cambridge Fitzwilliam Museum [64] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art 28,000 (largest private collection) 1970 [65] [REDACTED] United Kingdom London Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Hajj and
3995-695: The History of Science and Technology in Islam , Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art , Sadberk Hanım Museum , Topkapi Palace Museum , Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum ) United Arab Emirates ( Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization , Zayed National Museum ) Europe Denmark ( David Collection ) France ( Arab World Institute , Louvre ) Germany ( Museum of Islamic Art ) Greece ( Benaki Museum ) United Kingdom ( British Museum , Burrell Collection , Khalili Collection of Islamic Art , Khalili Collection of Hajj and
4080-2023: The Islamic Era 1996 [REDACTED] Iran Tehran Reza Abbasi Museum 1977 [REDACTED] Iran Shiraz Pars Museum 1936 [REDACTED] Iran Qom Hazrat Ma'soomeh Holy Shrine Museum 1935 [32] [REDACTED] Iraq Baghdad Iraq Museum [REDACTED] Ireland Dublin Chester Beatty Library and Oriental Art Gallery 6,100 [33] [REDACTED] Israel Jerusalem The Museum for Islamic Art 1974 [34] [REDACTED] Italy Florence Bardini Museum [REDACTED] Italy Venice Treasury of St. Mark's [35] [REDACTED] Italy Milan Biblioteca Ambrosiana [36] [REDACTED] Italy Palermo Museum of Islamic Art [37] [REDACTED] Jordan Al-Mazār al-Janūbī Al-Mazar Islamic Museum 1973 [REDACTED] Kuwait Kuwait Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah (The al-Sabah Collection) 30,000 1980 [38] [39] [REDACTED] Kuwait Kuwait Kuwait National Museum [REDACTED] Kuwait Kuwait Tareq Rajab Museum 30,000 [40] [REDACTED] Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Islamic Arts Museum 10,000 [41] [REDACTED] Morocco Rabat Archaeological Museum [REDACTED] Oman Muscat National Museum of Oman [REDACTED] Pakistan Lahore Lahore Museum [42] [REDACTED] Palestinian Territories Jerusalem Islamic Museum of
4165-531: The Islamic Era ) Iraq ( National Museum of Iraq , Sulaymaniyah Museum ) Israel/Palestine ( Islamic Museum , Museum for Islamic Art ) Jordan ( Prophet Mohammad Museum ) Kuwait ( Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah , Tareq Rajab Museum ) Qatar ( Museum of Islamic Art , National Museum of Qatar ) Syria ( National Museum of Damascus , National Museum of Aleppo , Raqqa Museum ) Turkey Bursa Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art , İstanbul Archaeology Museums , Istanbul Museum of
4250-1229: The Islamic Museum of the Haram al-Sharif and its Collections" . United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . Retrieved 2019-09-16 . ^ "Islamic Museum at Al-Aqsa Mosque" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-16 . ^ "The National Museum of Art of Romania" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-16 . ^ "Museum for Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-16 . ^ "Belge göster" . Kultur.gov.tr . Retrieved 2015-12-27 . ^ "The Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-15 . ^ "Sharjah Museum, impressive showcase of Islamic art | N.P. Krishna Kumar" . The Arab Weekly . Retrieved 2021-01-07 . ^ "Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilisation" . Discover Islamic Art . Retrieved 2021-01-07 . ^ "Discover Islamic Art – Virtual Museum" . Discoverislamicart.org . Retrieved 2015-12-27 . ^ "The Eight Collections" . Nasser David Khalili . Archived from
4335-455: The Islamic state such as viziers, courtiers, chancellors, judges, and government secretaries seeking useful knowledge and success in polished quarters. Key early adab anthologies were the al-Mufaḍḍaliyyāt of Al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī (d. c. 780 CE); Abū Tammām 's Dīwān al-Ḥamāsa (d. 846 CE); ʿUyūn al-Akhbār , compiled by Ibn Qutayba (d. 889 CE); and Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih 's al-ʿIqd al-Farīd (d. 940 CE). Some scholar's studies attribute
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#17327941782374420-458: The Islamic world than the pile carpet, more commonly referred to as the Oriental carpet ( oriental rug ). Their versatility is utilized in everyday Islamic and Muslim life, from floor coverings to architectural enrichment, from cushions to bolsters to bags and sacks of all shapes and sizes, and to religious objects (such as a prayer rug , which would provide a clean place to pray). They have been
4505-466: The Quran and hadith. An alternate definition states that Islamic literature is any literature about Muslims and their pious deeds. Some academics have moved beyond evaluations of differences between Islamic and non-Islamic literature to studies such as comparisons of the novelization of various contemporary Islamic literatures and points of confluence with political themes, such as nationalism . Over
4590-761: The al-Sabah Collection includes more than 30,000 objects of art created in countries from Spain to China, from the 4th millennium BCE- l9th century CE. ^ Nadr Rajab. "Tareq Rajab Museum" . Trmkt.com . Retrieved 2015-12-27 . ^ Exell, Karen (2016). Modernity and the Museum in the Arabian Peninsula . Taylor & Francis. p. 176. ISBN 9781317279006 . ^ "About Us | IAMM" . Retrieved 2022-09-14 . ^ "The National Museum Oman" . Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 2019-09-16 . ^ "Safeguarding, Refurbishment and Revitalization of
4675-672: The background cut away, are found on the interiors and exteriors of many important buildings. Complex carved calligraphy also decorates buildings. For most of the Islamic period the majority of coins only showed lettering, which are often very elegant despite their small size and nature of production. The tughra or monogram of an Ottoman sultan was used extensively on official documents, with very elaborate decoration for important ones. Other single sheets of calligraphy, designed for albums, might contain short poems, Qur'anic verses, or other texts. The main languages, all using Arabic script , are Arabic , always used for Qur'anic verses, Persian in
4760-406: The background, with recession (distance from the viewer) indicated by placing more distant figures higher up in the space, but at essentially the same size. The colours, which are often very well preserved, are strongly contrasting, bright and clear. The tradition reached a climax in the 16th and early 17th centuries, but continued until the early 19th century, and has been revived in the 20th. Since
4845-706: The best known works of fiction from the Islamic world is The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ( Arabian Nights ), a compilation of many earlier folk tales set in a frame story of being told serially by the Persian Queen Scheherazade . The compilation took form in the 10th century and reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. Many other Arabian fantasy tales were often called "Arabian Nights" when translated into English , regardless of whether they appeared in any version of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights or not, and
4930-425: The best work in the 16th century, in tiles and large vessels boldly decorated with floral motifs influenced, once again, by Chinese Yuan and Ming ceramics. These were still in earthenware; there was no porcelain made in Islamic countries until modern times, though Chinese porcelain was imported and admired. The medieval Islamic world also had pottery with painted animal and human imagery. Examples are found throughout
5015-414: The centuries, there have been numerous bibliographies and biographical dictionaries attempting to list authors of Islamic literature, including India -born scholar Maulana Mahmud Hasan Khan of Rajasthan , who passed away in 1946 and whose 60-volume M'ojam-ul-Musannifin (Dictionary of Authors) in Arabic provides the biographical sketches of some 40,000 writers from all over the Islamic world. Among
5100-560: The concept of "Islamic art" has been put into question by some modern art historians as a construct of Western cultural views, the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Muslim world, especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use as a useful classification since the late 19th century. Scholars such as Jacelyn K. Kerner have drawn attention to its wide-ranging scope referring to more than 40 nations and to
5185-591: The country's history of slavery. The 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature was given to the Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz (1911–2006), "who, through works rich in nuance—now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous—has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind". He was the first Muslim author to receive such a prize. With regard to religion Mahfouz describes himself as, "a pious moslem believer". The 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature
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#17327941782375270-628: The de Unger Family Decided to Move The Keir Collection From Berlin to Dallas" . D Magazine . Retrieved 2019-10-09 . ^ "Islamic Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art" . The Met . Retrieved 2022-09-14 . ^ "Objects" . Saint Louis Art Museum . Retrieved 2024-05-06 . ^ "Islamic Art Collection" . www.shangrilahawaii.org . Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Richardson, Jim (2017-12-10). "In Conversation with Konrad Ng from Shangri La Museum" . MuseumNext . Retrieved 2019-09-26 . ^ "Mission and History" . The Textile Museum . Archived from
5355-544: The flowing loops and curves of the arabesque are central to Islamic art, the interaction and tension between these two styles was long a major feature of carpet design. There are a few survivals of the grand Egyptian 16th century carpets, including one almost as good as new discovered in the attic of the Pitti Palace in Florence, whose complex patterns of octagon roundels and stars, in just a few colours, shimmer before
5440-469: The form of painting or sculptures is sometimes referred to as Quranic art . The various forms of traditional Arabic calligraphy and decoration of the manuscripts used for written versions of the Qur'an represent a central tradition of Islamic visual art. The arabesque is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God. Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as
5525-627: The formative stage of Islam. Such arts have been boasted by Arabic speaking caliphats of Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordova, inspired by Sasanid and Byzantine models. Figurative arts enjoyed prestige among both orthodox Sunni circles as well as Shia Muslims. The disappearance of royal-sponsored figurative arts in Arabic-speaking lands at a later period is best explained by the overthrow of their ruling dynasties and reduction of most their territories to Ottoman provincial dependencies, not by religious prohibition. Another drawback for Arnold's argument against
5610-624: The growing public interest both in Western as well as, more recently, in Muslim societies. Further, the List of Islamic museums bears witness to this art historical term having found wide acceptance. The Encyclopædia Britannica defines "Islamic arts" as including visual arts, literature, performing arts and music that "virtually defies any comprehensive definition". In a strict sense, the term might only refer to artistic manifestations that are closely related to religious practice. Most often, however, it
5695-437: The involvement of designers used to the latest court style in the general Persian tradition. These use a design style shared with non-figurative Islamic illumination and other media, often with a large central gul motif, and always with wide and strongly demarcated borders. The grand designs of the workshops patronized by the court spread out to smaller carpets for the merely wealthy and for export, and designs close to those of
5780-448: The lower and untaimed self. The abstract forces to tame the physical body are depicted in the forms of demons ( dīv ) and angels . Chinese influences included the early adoption of the vertical format natural to a book, which led to the development of a birds-eye view where a very carefully depicted background of hilly landscape or palace buildings rises up to leave only a small area of sky. The figures are arranged in different planes on
5865-489: The market expects. Islamic art has very notable achievements in ceramics, both in pottery and tiles for walls, which in the absence of wall-paintings were taken to heights unmatched by other cultures. Early pottery is often unglazed, but tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra , dating to around
5950-737: The medieval Islamic world, particularly in Persia and Egypt . The earliest grand Islamic buildings, like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem , had interior walls decorated with mosaics in the Byzantine style, but without human figures. From the 9th century onwards the distinctive Islamic tradition of glazed and brightly coloured tiling for interior and exterior walls and domes developed. Some earlier schemes create designs using mixtures of tiles each of
6035-584: The mid-20th century following the departure of the Dutch colonialists, several Indonesian painters combined Abstract Expressionism with geometric forms, Indonesian symbols and Islamic calligraphy , creating religiously influenced Abstract Art . The spiritual centre of this movement is the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), with leading teachers such as A.D. Pirous , Ahmad Sadali , Mochtar Apin and Umi Dachlan as their main representatives. In
6120-583: The origin of many carpets remains unclear. As well as the major Persian, Turkish and Arab centres, carpets were also made across Central Asia, in India, and in Spain and the Balkans. Spanish carpets, which sometimes interrupted typical Islamic patterns to include coats of arms , enjoyed high prestige in Europe, being commissioned by royalty and for the Papal Palace, Avignon , and the industry continued after
6205-445: The original on 2022-10-28 . Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ "BBC World Service - Arts & Culture - Khalili Collection: Picture gallery" . www.bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ "The Khalili Family Trust (Biographical details)" . British Museum . Retrieved 10 September 2019 . ^ "Hajj and The Arts of Pilgrimage" . Khalili Collections . Retrieved 2021-01-14 . ^ "About
6290-1432: The original on April 28, 2012 . Retrieved April 17, 2012 . ^ "Dr. Tom's Traveling News and Trivia - National Museum in Sana'a, Yemen, reopens" . Archived from the original on 2008-12-04 . Retrieved 2010-02-10 . v t e Islamic museums Africa Egypt ( Museum of Islamic Art , Museum of Islamic Ceramics ) Libya ( Islamic Museum of Tripoli , Red Castle Museum ) Morocco ( Dar Batha Museum , Majorelle Garden , Marrakech Museum ) Tunisia ( Bardo National Museum , Mahdia Museum , National Museum of Islamic Art ) Asia South Afghanistan ( Museum of Islamic Art ) India ( Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences ) Maldives ( National Museum ) Pakistan ( Multan Museum , National Museum of Pakistan ) South East Malaysia ( Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia , Islamic Heritage Museum , Kelantan Islamic Museum , Malay and Islamic World Museum , Malacca Al-Quran Museum , Malacca Islamic Museum , Penang Islamic Museum , Sabah Islamic Civilisation Museum , Sabah Museum ) Philippines ( Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts ) Singapore ( Asian Civilisations Museum ) West Bahrain ( Beit Al Quran ) Iran ( Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum , Museum of
6375-478: The religion while not believing in a personal connection to God. When asked if he considered himself a Muslim, Pamuk replied: ": "I consider myself a person who comes from a Muslim culture. In any case, I would not say that I'm an atheist. So I'm a Muslim who associates historical and cultural identification with this religion. I do not believe in a personal connection to God; that's where it gets transcendental. I identify with my culture, but I am happy to be living on
6460-410: The religious content or lack thereof within those works. Proponents of the second definition suggest that the Islamic identity of Muslim authors cannot be divorced from the evaluation of their works, even if they did not intend to infuse their works with religious meaning. Still other definitions emphasize works with a focus on Islamic values, or those that focus on events, people, and places mentioned in
6545-483: The religious value of figurative arts in Islamic culture is, that a sizable number of rulers ordering figurative arts in the 14th-17th century, were religious zealots proclaiming to spread and enforce the laws of the sharia. Although not many early examples survived, human figurative art was a continuous tradition in Islamic lands, notably several of the Umayyad Desert Castles (c. 660–750), and during
6630-522: The role of Islamisation of Muslim individuals and communities, social, cultural and political behavior by legitimization through various genres like Muslim historiographies , Islamic advice literature and other Islamic literature. The British Indian novelist and essayist Salman Rushdie 's (b.1947) second novel, Midnight's Children won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two separate occasions, marking
6715-438: The six shortlisted authors receive US$ 10,000 each. The aim of the award is to recognise and reward excellence in contemporary Arabic fiction writing and to encourage wider readership of good-quality Arabic literature in the region and internationally. The prize is also designed to encourage the translation and promotion of Arabic language literature into other major world languages. An independent board of trustees, drawn from across
6800-478: The spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi . One term for Islamic literature is al-adab al-islami , or adab . Although today adab denotes literature generally, in earlier times its meaning included all that a well-informed person had to know in order to pass in society as a cultured and refined individual. This meaning started with the basic idea that adab was the socially accepted ethical and moral quality of an urbane and courteous person'; thus adab can also denote
6885-667: The viewer. Production of this style of carpet began under the Mamluks but continued after the Ottomans conquered Egypt. The other sophisticated tradition was the Persian carpet which reached its peak in the 16th and early 17th century in works like the Ardabil Carpet and Coronation Carpet ; during this century the Ottoman and Mughal courts also began to sponsor the making in their domains of large formal carpets, evidently with
6970-582: The work. Beginning in the 19th century, fictional novels and short stories became popular within the literary circles of the Ottoman Empire . An early example, the romance novel Taaşuk-u Tal'at ve Fitnat (تعشق طلعت و فطنت; "Tal'at and Fitnat in Love"), was published in 1872 by Şemsettin Sami . Other important novels of the period included Muhayyelât by Ali Aziz Efendi , which consists of three parts and
7055-527: Was awarded to the Turkish author Orhan Pamuk "(b. 1952) famous for his novels My Name Is Red and Snow , "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures". Pamuk was the first Turk to receive the Nobel Prize, He describes himself as a Cultural Muslim who associates the historical and cultural identification with
7140-611: Was very sought after in Europe, and often copied. An example of this is the albarello , a type of maiolica earthenware jar originally designed to hold apothecaries' ointments and dry drugs. The development of this type of pharmacy jar had its roots in the Islamic Middle East. Hispano-Moresque examples were exported to Italy, stimulating the earliest Italian examples, from 15th century Florence. The Hispano-Moresque style emerged in Al-Andalus - Muslim Spain - in
7225-436: Was written in a laconical style contrasting with its content, where djinns and fairies surge from within contexts drawn from ordinary real life situations. Inspired by a much older story written both in Arabic and Assyrian , the author also displays in his work his deep knowledge of sufism , hurufism and Bektashi traditions. Muhayyelât is considered to be an early precursor of the new Turkish literature to emerge in
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