40-590: Islington Museum is a public museum dedicated to the history of the London Borough of Islington . It opened in 2008 and covers various themes on local and social history. Islington Museum opened in May 2008, funded by a £1million grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund. The museum, which replaced a previous museum at Islington Town Hall , is owned and operated by Islington Council . It is located in
80-399: A car or van, 6.0%; train, 3.7%; work mainly at or from home, 3.6%. In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 65,721. This rose steadily throughout the 19th century, as the district became built up; exceeding 200,000 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased—reaching nearly 400,000 by the turn of
120-597: A purpose-built County Hall in the 1930s. The housing policy of the council included provision of large housing estates outside the boundaries of the county, such as that at Becontree . In 1900, eleven years after its foundation, the London Government Act divided the County of London into 28 metropolitan boroughs . These replaced the ancient parish vestries and district boards as the second tier of local government. County of London boroughs numbered in
160-739: A series of parish vestries and district boards. The local authority for the county was the London County Council (LCC). Initially, the LCC provided the services it had inherited from the Metropolitan Board of Works. Eventually, however, it absorbed functions from ad-hoc agencies such the London School Board and Metropolitan Asylums Board . The council was initially based in Spring Gardens , but moved to
200-665: Is Islington Council . The borough is home to football club Arsenal , one of the Premier League clubs in England, and its home Emirates Stadium . Islington was originally named by the Saxons Giseldone (1005), then Gislandune (1062). The name means 'Gīsla's hill' from the Old English personal name Gīsla and dun ' hill ', 'down'. The name then later mutated to Isledon , which remained in use well into
240-484: Is also an education room which is used for visits by schools and other groups. Admission is free. The museum is fully accessible for wheelchair users but there is no accessible parking. An induction loop is available. London Borough of Islington The London Borough of Islington ( / ˈ ɪ z l ɪ ŋ t ə n / IZ -ling-tən ) is a London borough which forms part of Inner London , England. Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It
280-557: Is represented by Jeremy Corbyn , elected in 2024 as an independent . He was formerly a member of the Labour Party , and was its leader and the Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition between 2015 and 2020. Islington South and Finsbury is represented by Emily Thornberry , former Shadow First Secretary of State and Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and current Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade of
320-400: The 2001 census Islington had a population of 175,797. It was 75% White, including 5% White Irish, 6% Black African, 5% Black Caribbean and 2% Bangladeshi. Thirty-two per cent of the borough's residents were owner–occupiers. According to the 2011 census , Islington has the highest population density of local authorities in England and Wales—13,875 people per square kilometre. Islington has
360-510: The City of London . However, the City of London and the County of London formed separate ceremonial counties for " non-administrative " purposes. The local authority for the county was the London County Council (LCC), which initially performed only a limited range of functions, but gained further powers during its 76-year existence. The LCC provided very few services within the City of London, where
400-697: The Freedom of the Borough of Islington. 51°32′N 0°08′W / 51.533°N 0.133°W / 51.533; -0.133 County of London The County of London was a county of England from 1889 to 1965, corresponding to the area known today as Inner London . It was created as part of the general introduction of elected county government in England, by way of the Local Government Act 1888 . The Act created an administrative County of London, which included within its territory
440-471: The Labour Party . In the Victorian Age , some parts of Islington such as Clerkenwell were known for their poverty , which George Gissing describes in his naturalist novel, The Nether World (1889). Since this time, Islington has been a subject of gentrification and with the median house price rising rapidly since the 2020 pandemic . With new headquarters for Facebook and Google close to
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#1732793879452480-808: The Metropolitan Police District and City of London) lived outside the county than in it. The following table illustrates the approximate population according to the census at various intervals: †The City of London and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Bermondsey, Bethnal Green, Finsbury, Holborn, St Marylebone, St Pancras, Shoreditch, Southwark, Stepney and Westminster. ‡The Metropolitan Boroughs of Battersea, Chelsea, Islington, Kensington, Lambeth and Paddington. §The Metropolitan Boroughs of Camberwell, Deptford, Fulham, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith, Hampstead, Lewisham, Poplar, Stoke Newington, Wandsworth and Woolwich. #Defined as
520-579: The Musical Theatre Academy are both based in Islington. The borough currently maintains 47 primary schools, 10 secondary schools, three special schools and five Pupil Referral Units. In 2000, Cambridge Education Associates, a private firm, took over the management of the Islington's state schools from the local education authority . The Islington Gazette is a local newspaper. The following people and military units have received
560-507: The 17th century when the modern form arose. In medieval times, Islington was just one of many small manors in the area, along with Bernersbury , Neweton Berewe or Hey-bury , and Canonesbury (Barnsbury, Highbury and Canonbury – names first recorded in the 13th and 14th centuries). "Islington" came to be applied as the name for the parish covering these villages, which became the Metropolitan Borough of Islington in 1900. On
600-649: The Borough: The Piccadilly line carries passengers to key London destinations, including the West End and Heathrow Airport . The Northern and Victoria lines also link the borough to the West End, whilst the Northern line (Bank branch) also passes through the City of London . Just beyond the borough's boundaries are King's Cross St Pancras (in the London Borough of Camden ) and Moorgate (in
640-859: The City). There are also several London Overground stations in the borough, all but one of which are in London fare zone 2: There are several other National Rail stations in Islington, which offer direct services to destinations across London, East Anglia and South East England : Farringdon and Finsbury Park are served by Thameslink services, with some trains travelling direct to Gatwick Airport , as well as destinations including Cambridge , Peterborough , Brighton and Sevenoaks . Other stations, including Finsbury Park, are served by Great Northern trains which normally operate between Moorgate and Welwyn Garden City or Stevenage via Hertford North . The Elizabeth line calls at Farringdon. Moorgate lies just to
680-474: The agency power of the City Corporation. Ultimately, the Local Government Act 1888 and the introduction of county councils in England provided the mechanism for creating a territory and authority encompassing the expanded London area. For expediency, the area of the metropolitan board was chosen for the new county, and no attempt was made to select new boundaries. This area had been out of line with
720-422: The ancient Corporation monopolised local governance. In 1900, the lower-tier civil parishes and district boards were replaced with 28 new metropolitan boroughs . The territory of the county was 74,903 acres (303.12 km ) in 1961. During its existence, there was a long-term decline in population as more residents moved into the outer suburbs; there were periodic reviews of the local government structures in
760-419: The area of control of the county council, also included the City of London. In practice, the county council had very little authority over the ancient City, with some powers over drainage, roads, fire brigade, embankment of the river and flood prevention. In common with the rest of the country, the 1888 Act provided no reform of lower-tier authorities and the county was, initially at least, administered locally by
800-616: The area of the Metropolitan Police district outside the County of London. The county of London was abolished in 1965 and was replaced by the fivefold-sized Greater London , which took in nearly all of Middlesex , along with areas in Surrey , Kent, Essex and Hertfordshire . Middlesex and Surrey had already been reduced in 1889 on the county's creation. The area "that had been" has since been known statutorily as Inner London and an Inner London Education Authority operated in
840-640: The area to the west bordering the London Borough of Camden . The central London area includes Farringdon and Old Street stations both in Zone 1. Areas in the borough include: The local authority is Islington Council, based at Islington Town Hall on Upper Street. Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the North East constituency. Islington is represented by two parliamentary constituencies. Islington North
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#1732793879452880-635: The basement of Finsbury Library. The museum houses a gallery covering nine themes on local and social history: childhood, food and drink, fashion, leisure, healthcare, radicals, caring, home and wartime. Amongst the items on display are a bust of Vladimir Lenin , who lived and worked in Clerkenwell, and some of the book covers defaced by Joe Orton and Kenneth Halliwell . The museum has a regular programme of temporary exhibitions, including visiting displays and displays from its own collections. The museum also hosts talks, walks and children's events. There
920-600: The board gained more functions and became the de facto local authority and provider of new services for the London area. The board operated in those parts of the counties of Middlesex , Surrey and Kent that had been designated by the General Register Office as "the Metropolis" for the purposes of the Bills of Mortality . This area had been administered separately from the City of London, which came under
960-548: The borough's residents identified as Christian, 12.8% Muslim, 1.7% Jewish and 42.7% had no religion. Christians and Muslims live throughout the borough, while the Jewish population is most concentrated in the north of the borough in the Hillrise and Junction wards (bordering Highgate and Crouch End ). The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents in the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses in Islington. The following shows
1000-503: The century; with the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury particularly suffering deprivation, poverty and severe overcrowding. The increase in population peaked before World War I , falling slowly in the aftermath until World War II began an exodus from London towards the new towns under the Abercrombie Plan for London (1944). The decline in population reversed in the 1980s, but it remains below its 1951 level. According to
1040-529: The control of the Corporation of London . There had been several attempts during the 19th century to reform London government, either by expanding the City of London to cover the whole of the metropolitan area; by creating a new county of London; or by creating ten municipal corporations matching the parliamentary boroughs of the metropolis. These had all been defeated in Parliament, in part because of
1080-533: The early 20th century was used to hold many suffragettes . The Borough boasts a large transport network for rail, bus, cycles and road users. There are ten London Underground stations in the borough across London fare zones 1, 2 and 3. These stations are principally served by the Northern , Piccadilly and Victoria lines, although the Circle , Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines also pass through
1120-427: The edge of the borough, along with Lawyer offices Slaughter & May on the edge of the borough, near the City of London , the borough has seen a steady house prices, with median incomes rising significantly. Inmarsat has its head office in the borough. There is one prison in Islington, a men's prison, HM Prison Pentonville . Until it closed in 2016 there was also a women's prison HM Prison Holloway , which in
1160-439: The expansion of London even in 1855. For example, it anomalously omitted built-up and expanding areas such as West Ham , but included some sparsely populated areas on the metropolitan fringe. The City of London and the County of London each formed counties for " non-administrative " purposes, with a separate Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff for the county of London. However, the administrative county , which corresponded to
1200-519: The greater London area and several failed attempts to expand the boundaries of the county. In 1965, the London Government Act 1963 replaced the county with the much larger Greater London administrative area. The county occupied an area of just under 75,000 acres (30,351 ha) and lay within the London Basin . It was divided into two parts (north and south) by the River Thames , which
1240-399: The information box on the right side: Metropolitan Borough Successor(s) No. on map † Not a metropolitan borough. Population fell after World War I and as recorded at each census until its 1965 demise. In 1901, the population was 4.5 million and by 1961 it had fallen to 3.2 million. Following the 1931 census, more of the population of "Greater London" (defined at the time as
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1280-509: The loss of the Alexandra Park exclave to Middlesex, gaining South Hornsey in return, and the transfer of Penge to Kent. The Metropolis Management Act 1855 revolutionised and amalgamated much of local government across an identical, newly formed, area. This reform created an indirectly elected Metropolitan Board of Works which initially built and maintained infrastructure for the metropolis, including modern sanitation. Over time
1320-434: The lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards . In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs , two of which were called Islington and Finsbury , the latter covering the combined area of the parishes of Clerkenwell , St Luke and St Sepulchre , and the extra-parochial areas of Charterhouse and Glasshouse Yard . The modern borough
1360-561: The merger with Finsbury to form the modern borough, the Islington name was used for the whole borough. The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the county of Middlesex . From 1856 the area was governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900
1400-474: The religious identity of residents residing in Islington according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. The London Borough of Islington is home to two higher education institutions: Moorfields Eye Hospital is a major centre for postgraduate training of ophthalmologists , orthoptists , optometrists , and nurses . The borough also currently contains three colleges of further education : There are two performing arts colleges. The Urdang Academy and
1440-561: The second highest proportion of Irish people in the country, behind London Borough of Brent . A 2017 study by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that a third of Islington residents lived in poverty. This is above the London average of 27%. It also found that 14% of local employees were in jobs which pay below the London Living Wage – the fourth lowest figure of any London borough. 39% of
1480-431: The south of the borough, in the City of London, whilst King's Cross lies to the borough's immediate west, with destinations including Sheffield , Leeds , Newcastle , Edinburgh and Inverness . In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 19.4% of all residents aged 16–74; bus, minibus or coach, 10.3%; on foot, 10.3%; bicycle, 6.2%; driving
1520-557: Was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 . It was a merger of the old Islington and Finsbury metropolitan boroughs. The southern part of the borough, south of the A501 Pentonville Road and City Road, forms part of the central London congestion charging zone and the Ultra Low Emission Zone . A significant part of the southern section of the borough borders the City of London , with
1560-506: Was formed in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963 , by the amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury . The new entity remains the second smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England . The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies ; Islington North , represented by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn , and Islington South & Finsbury represented by Labour MP Emily Thornberry . The local authority
1600-460: Was the most significant geographical feature. It was bordered by the River Lea with Essex to the north-east, Kent to the south-east, Surrey the south-west and Middlesex to the north. The highest point was Hampstead Heath in the north of the county at 440 feet (134 m), which is one of the highest points in London . In 1900 a number of boundary anomalies were abolished. These included
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