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47-659: The Metropolitan Police District ( MPD ) is the police area which is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service in London. It currently consists of the ceremonial county of Greater London , which excludes the City of London . The Metropolitan Police District was created by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an ad hoc area of administration because the built-up area of London spread at

94-660: A few Ministry of Defence buildings and property within the MPD. As with the BTP, their jurisdiction is not to the exclusion of the Metropolitan Police who have statutory responsibility for providing policing to the entire MPD. Police area Every location in the United Kingdom has a designated territorial police force with statutory responsibility for providing policing services and enforcing criminal law, which

141-706: A reduction from 33 to 32 boroughs, and in greater detail, Shoreditch to join Hackney ; Wanstead and Woodford to be added to Ilford to form ' Redbridge ' rather than join Waltham Forest ; Chislehurst and Sidcup to be divided between the Bromley and the Bexley ; East Barnet , Friern Barnet , Hendon , and Finchley to form a single borough (Barnet) , Enfield to join Edmonton and Southgate (to be simply Enfield ),

188-700: A retired Surrey magistrate and county councillor, co-led the opposition in Committee, having met residents who were all "resolutely and determinedly opposed to the Bill." He was instrumental in getting his own area, Epsom and Ewell, completely excluded. Charles Doughty , MP for East Surrey (including Coulsdon and Purley ), prophesied that "A shotgun marriage of the kind proposed in the Bill between Coulsdon, Purley and [the Borough of] Croydon can never be successful...The affinities of Coulsdon and Purley go south, not to

235-882: Is set out by Section 1 of the Police Act 1996 . There are 43 police areas in England and Wales , most of which are defined by Schedule 1 of the 1996 act. They may be altered by order of the Home Secretary . The two other areas, the Metropolitan Police District and the City of London police area, are defined by Section 76 of the London Government Act 1963 and the City of London Police Act 1839 respectively. Northern Ireland and Scotland each have only one territorial police force:

282-403: Is set out in the various police areas below. Special police forces and other non-territorial constabularies do not have police areas and their respective specialist areas of responsibility are shared with the relevant geographic territorial police force. Ultimately the chief officer of a territorial police force has primacy over all law enforcement within his police area even if it is within

329-587: Is within twelve miles (19 km) of, or of which no part is more than fifteen miles (24 km) from, Charing Cross". [REDACTED] The map shows the MPD boundary in red. At the centre is the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works 1855–1889, which became the County of London in 1889. The other dashed lines show the boundaries of Essex (containing Loughton), Kent , Surrey , Middlesex , and Hertfordshire (going clockwise). The enlargement under

376-490: The Greater London Authority was formed, the outer boundary of the MPD was retracted to coincide with Greater London and the neighbouring county forces then became responsible for those areas outside Greater London. The MPD now consists of the 32 boroughs of Greater London (including the City of Westminster), while the City of London is served by the City of London Police . The Metropolitan Police District

423-518: The Greater London Council abolished in 1986, and the Greater London Authority introduced in 2000. As of 2024 , the London boroughs are more or less identical to those created in 1965, although with some enhanced powers over services such as waste management and education. The act set up a two-tier local government system, with powers divided between the newly formed Greater London Council (GLC), 32 new London borough councils and

470-723: The Greater London Parks & Open Spaces Act 1967 and the Epping Forest Act 1878 respectively not under the Police Acts as members of the City of London Police). The London Underground and the lines and stations of the national railway network within the MPD are primarily policed by the British Transport Police but are not excluded from the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police. The Royal Parks of London used to be policed by

517-631: The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . The Local Government Act 1985 abolished the Greater London Council and transferred its functions to the London borough councils, joint arrangements and to central government. The Inner London Education Authority continued to exist as a directly elected authority. The Education Reform Act 1988 abolished the Inner London Education Authority and made

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564-582: The London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee , set up in 1924, were abolished, with the GLC gaining powers to regulate road traffic. An alteration was also made to the Metropolitan Police District to include the whole of Greater London, but the district continued to include a number of areas in surrounding counties. The composition of the London boroughs was given in schedule 1 of

611-680: The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and Police Service of Scotland . London Government Act 1963 The London Government Act 1963 (c. 33) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which created Greater London and a new local government structure within it. The Act significantly reduced the number of local government districts in the area, resulting in local authorities responsible for larger areas and populations. The upper tier of local government

658-801: The Royal Parks Constabulary (RPC) whose powers derived from the Parks Regulation Act 1872 . The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 abolished the RPC in England and Wales and provided for the transfer of personnel within Greater London into the Metropolitan Police, leaving the Royal Parks within the general jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police. The Ministry of Defence Police is responsible for policing

705-550: The urban district of Caterham and Warlingham and the parish of St. Peter Rural were wholly excluded from the District; whilst the borough of Epsom and Ewell, the urban districts of Banstead, Cheshunt, Coulsdon and Purley, Crayford, Esher and Orpington were brought wholly within the district. The definition, in the Fourth Schedule is as follows: In 1965 the administrative boundaries of London were extended. After 1965

752-544: The "boundary is... very irregular" and made it lawful to add any place in the Central Criminal Court District and also "any part of any parish, township, precinct or place" not more than 15 miles (24 km) from Charing Cross. The enlarged district encompassed the metropolitan area and some parts of Essex , Kent , Hertfordshire and Surrey . The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica notes that it included "those civil parishes [...] of which any part

799-458: The 1839 Act was carried out by Order in Council made on 3 January 1840, which listed the following "parishes, townships, precincts, and places" ... "should be added to, and form part of, the metropolitan police district": In 1946 the Metropolitan Police District was somewhat redrawn by the Police Act 1946 , to match the then local government boundaries. The boroughs of Dartford and Watford ,

846-562: The Bill advanced its smooth passage summarising the Royal Commission's Report: One of those basic strands is that London Government must reflect the physical fact that Greater London is a single city with a recognisable existence of its own: it is a living organism with its heart, its limbs and its lungs. The Surrey [-proposed] Plan does not recognise this important basic fact. Secondly, the Government regard it as vital that

893-586: The County of London this reorganised the proposed boroughs so that combinations for the present boroughs of Camden, Westminster and Islington were achieved. The Hackney borough had Shoreditch rather than the Tower Hamlets borough. Lewisham would be standalone, Deptford would combine with Camberwell and Bermondsey, and Southwark and Lambeth would unite. Eastern Wandsworth was to form a borough in itself, with western Wandsworth being paired with Battersea. Outside

940-622: The Greenwich and Woolwich metropolitan boroughs. Lewisham and Deptford were unable to agree on whether the borough should be named Lewisham, Deptford or after the central river/stream, Ravensbourne. The councils to become part of the London Borough of Barnet suggested "Northgate" or "Northern Heights" as names. Islington and Finsbury (Borough 3) were also unable to come to a decision, with Finsbury preferring "New River" and Islington preferring Islington. Richmond and Twickenham (Borough 24) disagreed over which, if any of those names should appear in

987-723: The Metropolitan Police District as consisting of "Greater London, excluding the City of London , the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple ." The City of London has its own police force, the City of London Police , which also covers the Inner and Middle Temples. As constables of both forces are empowered throughout England and Wales , mutual assistance is a routine matter. The City of London has limited policing jurisdiction with parks constabularies within their lands at Hampstead Heath and Epping Forest (constables are attested under

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1034-653: The Metropolitan Police, who had previously been under the control of the Home Secretary . Initially, the government proposed to retain the areas outside the local government boundary, with a representative appointed to the Metropolitan Police Authority from the councils outside the Greater London Authority boundary. However the government changed its mind and in the Greater London Authority Act 1999 ,

1081-534: The Opposition in both houses saw the Bill as being partisan, opposed London's re-casting and celebrated its predecessor: ...you mean to go through with this execution of the London County Council because they have been so successful and they have been so strongly supported for 28 years by the electorate. ...we believe that it is a party political Bill. We have been told that it is "politics in

1128-522: The Tottenham, Hornsey and Wood Green authorities to combine to form Haringey and at the most local level, Clapham and Streatham neighbourhoods to join Lambeth . The slightly amended form was laid before Parliament for substantive debates from November 1962 until April 1963. This proposed the eventually settled 32 more empowered boroughs forming a new administrative county. Ministerial proponents of

1175-405: The act: As passed, the act did not include names for the new boroughs. Keith Joseph , the minister, asked local councils for suggestions as to possible names, asking that they be a single word if possible, and noting that "the best name will be the place recognised as the centre of the new borough". Double-barrelled names were to be prohibited. The 'Royal Borough of Charlton ' was proposed for

1222-490: The boroughs, corresponding to the former County of London , were designated Inner London boroughs . The remaining twenty boroughs were designated Outer London boroughs . None of the boroughs were given names in the act. Section 2 declared that the area comprising the areas of the London boroughs, the City and the Temples shall constitute an administrative area to be known as Greater London . An elected Greater London Council

1269-415: The boundaries of the Metropolitan Police District were redefined to match Greater London. The excised county areas were reassigned to Essex Police , Hertfordshire Constabulary and Surrey Police . The London Coal and Wine Duties Continuance Act 1861 aligned the coal tax boundary to the MPD and a series of coal-tax posts can be found along the boundary as it existed at that time. During the 20th century

1316-473: The councils of Romford, Barnet, Carshalton, Coulsdon and Purley, Feltham, Yiewsley and West Drayton to be removed from the area were turned down. Additionally, the department decided that the "northern part of the borough of Epsom and Ewell definitely forms part of Greater London and must be included". Epsom and Ewell would ultimately be excluded from the area in its entirety. Changes published in August 1962 saw

1363-783: The creation of a Greater London with 52 Greater London Boroughs. The Greater London area set up by the 1963 Act was very similar to that proposed by the Herbert Report but excluded Banstead , Caterham and Warlingham , Esher , Walton and Weybridge in Surrey, Chigwell in Essex, Cheshunt in Hertfordshire , and Staines and Sunbury in Middlesex. The government considered that the boroughs should be fewer and larger so published its plan for 34 London boroughs in late 1961. In

1410-496: The existing City of London . The provisions of the act came into effect on 1 April 1965, the new councils having been elected as "shadow authorities" in 1964. Section 1 of the act established 32 London boroughs, each of which was to be governed by an elected borough council, and was to be regulated by the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 and Local Government Act 1933 ( 23 & 24 Geo. 5 . c. 51). Twelve of

1457-413: The former County of London, the outer London boroughs were to be: The Minister of Housing and Local Government announced, on their request, that five urban districts (Cheshunt, Chigwell, Esher, Staines and Sunbury) were to be excluded from Greater London on 18 May 1961, having earlier confirmed the widely expected exclusion of Banstead , Caterham and Warlingham and Walton and Weybridge . Requests from

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1504-470: The functions that need to be exercised over the whole of Greater London should be in the hands of a body with real positive powers. In no other way can such a Government be effective. ...but [in] ordinary human speech, how is it that such people can be so appalled at acknowledging that they live in what is the greatest capital city in the world? ... It would be ludicrous for the Government to go to this extent to try to reorganise metropolitan government for

1551-700: The loss of their two ancient parish names in combining, so the Minister for Housing and Local Government made one exception and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea came into being. The split of functions between the new authorities were: A royal commission was appointed in 1957 under the chairmanship of Sir Edwin Herbert to consider future local government structures in Greater London. The commission delivered its report in October 1960 proposing

1598-566: The new borough names. Suggestions for Enfield (Borough 32) included " Enfield Chase " and " Edmonton Hundred ". Nine names were without controversy and were proposed in September 1963. Six new names were proposed by the Minister in October 1963 for boroughs unable to decide upon a name The minister proposed a further twelve names in January 1964 Councillors for the metropolitan boroughs of Chelsea and Kensington were divided and opposed

1645-483: The newly created Greater London more closely matched the MPD, and the MPD was defined again by section 76 of the London Government Act 1963 . The former area of the Municipal Borough of Romford and Hornchurch Urban District , which had not previously been covered by the MPD but were now in Greater London, were added. The revised MPD included some areas that did not become part of Greater London. In 1974 it

1692-471: The next half century and boggle at including in it the whole of the metropolitan continuous built-up area. I invite hon. Members on both sides to agree that, whatever may have been the merits of saying that the area of the L.C.C. was London in 1848, it is idle to say in 1962 that the frontiers are the same now. Plainly, in the more than 70 years since the L.C.C. came into existence, the whole pattern of London has been transformed. The leaders and all members of

1739-443: The north and east. This is a very bad part of the Bill." The Bill passed, and the boundaries including this fusion, have lasted since 1 April 1965. The Local Government Act 1972 provided a mechanism for councils to change their names: the London Borough of Hammersmith and the London Borough of Barking changed their names after their creation to contain a second locality, to form the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and

1786-402: The population of the County of London was in decline and the London population was growing in the outer suburbs within the MPD. During this period the MPD was used as a definition of 'Greater London'. 1901 Census is an example of this. Not all parts of Greater London, although within the boundaries of the MPD, are policed by the Metropolitan Police. The Greater London Authority Act 1999 defines

1833-411: The raw". It certainly is. If London County Council can be destroyed for political reasons, so can the City of London Common Council. Five Conservative MPs (for North-West Croydon, South Croydon, Carshalton, Wimbledon and East Surrey) sympathised with a petition from 20,000 to 30,000 people from Croydon and two hillside semi-rural towns not to join London. Former Labour Home Secretary James Chuter Ede ,

1880-576: The remit of a special police force such as the British Transport Police on the railway infrastructure, the Ministry of Defence Police on MOD property or a port constabulary on a port. The Metropolitan Police District was the first example of a police area. Police areas were introduced with the passage of the Police Act 1964 and Police (Scotland) Act 1967 , when a number of small (mainly county borough) police forces were merged with county ones. The current system of police areas in England and Wales

1927-490: The time into many parishes and counties without an established boundary. The district expanded as the built up area grew and stretched some distance into rural land. When county police forces were set up in England, those of Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey did not cover the parts of the counties within the MPD, while Middlesex did not have a county force. Similarly, boroughs in the MPD that elsewhere would have been entitled to their own police force did not have them. The MPD

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1974-492: Was again restated as: Following the first periodic review of Greater London and the London boroughs by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England , changes were made to the City of London Police and MPD boundary on 1 April 1994, with several exchanges of territory. In 1998 the Government ' Green Paper ' on the Greater London Authority proposed to create a police authority for

2021-475: Was defined in the schedule of the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an approximately circular area within a seven-mile (11-kilometre) radius of Charing Cross , which was divided into four districts and 17 police divisions . It consisted of parts of: There have been numerous changes to the boundaries of the MPD, and of the divisions therein. The Metropolitan Police Act 1839 recognised that

2068-478: Was originally defined in reference to civil parishes and in 1946 was altered to correspond to local government districts. The MPD has been used for other purposes during its existence, such as the boundary for coal tax and as a 'Greater London' statistical unit. When the Greater London Council was established in 1965, the MPD was expanded to include all of its territory, though some areas that did not become part of Greater London continued to be within it. In 2000, when

2115-463: Was reformed to cover the whole of the Greater London area and with a more strategic role; and the split of functions between upper and lower tiers was recast. The Act classified the boroughs into inner and outer London groups. The City of London and its corporation were essentially unreformed by the legislation. Subsequent amendments to the Act have significantly amended the upper tier arrangements, with

2162-598: Was to form part of any administrative county, county district or parish. Three Middlesex urban districts not included in Greater London were transferred to other counties: Potters Bar to Hertfordshire and Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames to Surrey . The act also established the Inner London Education Authority to administer schools and colleges in the 12 inner London boroughs. The remaining 20 outer boroughs became local education authorities in their own right. The London Traffic Area and

2209-539: Was to govern the new area. Section 3 abolished the administrative counties of Middlesex and London (created in 1889), and absorbed parts of Kent , Essex , Surrey and Hertfordshire plus the whole of the City of London to form the administrative area of Greater London. As well as the two counties, the twenty-eight existing metropolitan boroughs , plus all county boroughs , county districts or parishes that fell wholly within Greater London were to cease to exist, along with their councils. No part of Greater London

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