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84-659: Galatz started its transmissions on September 24, 1950, as a continuance of the Hagana transmission to the Jewish public during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War . Transmissions began with a trumpet blast at 6:30 p.m. followed by HaTikva , the Israeli national anthem . An improvised studio had been set up inside a former school building in Ramat Gan , with army blankets hung on the walls to muffle background noise. In 1956, its status

168-513: A British withdrawal and Axis invasion of Palestine. Its members, young men and women, received specialist training in guerrilla tactics and sabotage. During 1942 the British gave assistance in the training of Palmach volunteers but in early 1943 they withdrew their support and attempted to disarm them. The Palmach, then numbering over 1,000, continued as an underground organization with its members working half of each month as kibbutz volunteers,

252-470: A helpful position." As widely expected, Netanyahu won handily with 72.5% to Sa'ar's 27.5%. In December 2020, Sa'ar announced that he would leave Likud and will form his own party, called New Hope . He submitted his Knesset resignation on 9 December, which went into effect on 11 December. The party contested the 2021 Israeli legislative election , with the intent of forming a governing coalition, and removing Netanyahu from office. He regained his seat in

336-589: A large number of pistols with ammunition. The British exerted heavy pressure on the Polish government to stop these deliveries. One of the last purchases of Arazi were two airplanes and two gliders. When he fled Poland to France, around 500 rifles were abandoned in a Warsaw warehouse. Members of the Haganah were also trained in a military camp in Rembertow along with Betar members between the years 1931 and 1937; it

420-460: A long-time Haaretz columnist and theater critic, Galei Zahal had a "far-reaching positive influence on Israeli culture", and "address[ed] issues of culture in the widest sense." Beginning in the 1960s, new poems were read aloud once a week. In the 1970s, the station broadcast radio plays inaugurated "University on the Air", and held the first live telephone conversations with listeners ever broadcast on

504-568: A member of the Likud . On 17 September, he took a hiatus from politics. He left the Knesset on 5 November, and was replaced by Leon Litinetsky . On 3 April 2017 Sa'ar announced his return to politics and intention to run in the next Likud primaries. He was seen as a potential candidate for party leadership and eventually prime minister. In September 2017, The Jerusalem Post ranked him 5th on its "50 most influential Jews" list, calling him

588-430: A pediatrician, and in kibbutz Sde Boker , where he was the kibbutz doctor. At the time, Sde Boker was the residence of Israel's founding prime minister, David Ben-Gurion . His father was frequently in contact with Ben-Gurion as the kibbutz doctor, and the young Gideon Sa'ar met Ben-Gurion numerous times when accompanying his father on visits to his home, during which Ben-Gurion gave him geography quizzes. After serving in

672-504: A radio station in Israel. Ram Evron hosted live nightly talk shows. Galei Tzahal was the first radio station to incorporate a podcast into their scheduling when they gave "Israel Story" a permanent slot. The station is managed by a civilian appointed by the defense minister for a 3- to 5-year term. The station commander holds the military rank of Sgan Aluf , although the job is mainly managerial and editorial. The current station commander

756-552: A single assassination operation in which a British official who had been judged to be excessively cruel to Jewish prisoners was shot dead. The Haganah also organized the Birya affair . Following the expulsion of the residents of the Jewish settlement of Birya for illegal weapons possession, thousands of Jewish youth organized by the Haganah marched to the site and rebuilt the settlement. They were expelled by British shortly afterward while showing passive resistance , but after they returned

840-643: A small group of Jewish immigrants who guarded settlements for an annual fee. It was converted to Hashomer ( Hebrew : השומר ; "The Watchman") in April 1909, which operated until the British Mandate of Palestine came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization which never had more than 100 members. During World War I , the forerunners of the Haganah/IDF were the Zion Mule Corps and

924-607: A teenager, Saar joined the ultra-nationalist Tehiya movement protesting the 1982 evacuation of Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula as per the Egypt–Israel peace treaty . On 14 October 2023, in an interview with Israel's Channel 12 News, Sa'ar said that the Gaza Strip "must be smaller at the end" of the war between Israel and Hamas , stating "Whoever starts a war against Israel must lose territory." During

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1008-502: A third time, the British backed off and allowed them to remain. In addition to its operations, the Haganah continued to secretly prepare for a war with the Arabs once the British left by building up its arms and munitions stocks. It maintained a secret arms industry, with the most significant facility being an underground bullet factory underneath Ayalon, a kibbutz that had been established specifically to cover it up. British estimates of

1092-509: Is Shimon Elkabetz. Galei Tzahal was considered a division of the Education and Youth Corps until October 2017. Over the years, the broadcasting station has been criticized on various issues: On March 17, 2021 New Hope party led by Gideon Sa'ar sent an official letter via attorney claiming that Yaakov Bardugo's was conducting illegal pre-election campaigning on behalf of the Likud party. Under Israeli law any form of campaigning during

1176-634: Is an Israeli politician currently serving as a member of the Knesset for New Hope and, since November 5, 2024, Israel's foreign minister. Sa'ar was first elected to the Knesset as a member of Likud in 2003 , serving until 2014. During that period, he served as Education Minister (2009–2013) and Minister of the Interior (2013–2014). After a political hiatus, he returned to the Knesset in 2019, and unsuccessfully challenged Benjamin Netanyahu for

1260-643: Is estimated that training courses at the camp were attended by around 8,000 to 10,000 participants during their existence. By 1939, the British had issued the White Paper , which severely restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine, deeply angering the Zionist leadership. David Ben-Gurion , then chairman of the Jewish Agency , set the policy for the Zionist relationship with the British: "We shall fight

1344-572: Is not right for the IDF to maintain a military station that deals with civil disputes, what is more, the number of standards of soldiers and permanent personnel at this station is very large". In the same year, the head of the personnel directorate of the IDF , Hagi Topolansky said that he does not know of an army that has a military station outside of North Korea, but later apologized for this statement. Hagana Haganah ( Hebrew : הַהֲגָנָה ha-Haganah , lit.   ' The Defense ' )

1428-719: The Aliyah Bet program, in which ships carrying illegal immigrants attempted to breach the British blockade of Palestine and land illegal immigrants on the shore (most were intercepted by the Royal Navy ), and the Palmach performed operations against the British to support the illegal immigration program. The Palmach repeatedly bombed British radar stations being used to track illegal immigrant ships, and sabotaged British ships being used to deport illegal immigrants, as well as two British landing and patrol craft. The Palmach performed

1512-582: The Armenian genocide . Despite protests by the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs , Ron Ben-Yishai refused to cancel the program, leading to a diplomatic incident in Israel–Turkey relations due to Turkey's Armenian genocide denial . For many years Galei Zahal broadcasts were mainly geared toward soldiers, including music programs conveying soldiers’ greetings and various broadcasts related to

1596-596: The Attorney General between 1995 and 1997, and then as an aide to the State Attorney until 1998. Sa'ar was appointed cabinet Secretary in 1999 and again from 2001–2 after Likud's Ariel Sharon won a special election for Prime Minister . In the 2003 elections he won a seat in the Knesset on Likud's list, and was appointed Likud Parliamentary Group Chairman as well as Chairman of the Coalition. He

1680-760: The British Mandate , leading through the Haganah to the national army of Israel, the IDF. The evolution went step by step from Bar-Giora , to Hashomer , to Haganah, to IDF. The Jewish paramilitary organizations in the New Yishuv (the Zionist enterprise in Palestine) started with the Second Aliyah (1904 to 1914). The first such organization was Bar-Giora , founded in September 1907. It consisted of

1764-544: The Hish units. At that time, the Haganah fielded 10,000 mobilized men along with 40,000 reservists. Although the British administration did not officially recognize the Haganah, the British security forces cooperated with it by forming the Jewish Settlement Police , Jewish Supernumerary Police and Special Night Squads , which were trained and led by Colonel Orde Wingate . The battle experience gained during

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1848-705: The Israel Defense Forces as an intelligence NCO in the Golani Brigade , Sa'ar studied political science at Tel Aviv University and then went on to study law at the same institution. In May 2013 Sa'ar married Israeli news anchor Geula Even , with whom he has two children, David and Shira. Geula was born to Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union. Sa'ar has another two children, Alona and Daniela, from his first wife Shelly, as well as one grandchild. Sa'ar worked as an aide to

1932-627: The Israel-Hamas war , he stated that he would insist that the war not be stopped until Hamas is defeated, and said that after the war the Palestinian Authority would not be able to control the Gaza Strip. As he started working as foreign minister, Sa'ar stated "Israel should look to Kurds , Druze and other minorities in neighbouring countries, in addition to Saudi Arabia , for support". He said: "The Kurdish people are

2016-481: The Israeli Declaration of Independence and the start of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on May 15, 1948, the Haganah, now the army of the new state, engaged the invading armies of the surrounding Arab states. On May 28, 1948, less than two weeks after the creation of the state of Israel on May 15, the provisional government created the Israel Defense Forces , merging the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi, although

2100-536: The Israel–Hamas war , National Unity joined the coalition, and Sa'ar was named minister without portfolio and an observer in the Israeli war cabinet . In March 2024, Sa'ar withdrew New Hope from National Unity , and from the coalition, and resigned as minister, before returning to the latter two in September 2024. The same year, Sa'ar replaced Israel Katz as Foreign Minister . Gideon Moshe Serchensky (later Sa'ar)

2184-848: The Jewish Legion , both of which were part of the British Army. After the Arab riots against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuv's leadership saw the need to create a nationwide underground defense organization, and the Haganah was founded in June of the same year. The Haganah became a full-scale defense force after the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine with an organized structure, consisting of three main units—the Field Corps , Guard Corps , and

2268-633: The Palmach strike force. During World War II the successor to the Jewish Legion of World War I was the Jewish Brigade , which was joined by many Haganah fighters. During the 1947–48 civil war between the Arab and Jewish communities in what was still Mandatory Palestine, a reorganized Haganah managed to defend or wrestle most of the territory it was ordered to hold or capture. At the beginning of

2352-713: The Upper Galilee against Syria . Some were part of a Pal-Heib unit of the Haganah. Sheik Hussein Mohammed Ali Abu Yussef of Tuba was quoted in 1948 as saying, "Is it not written in the Koran that the ties of neighbors are as dear as those of relations? Our friendship with the Jews goes back for many years. We felt we could trust them and they learned from us too". Gideon Sa%27ar Gideon Moshe Sa'ar ( Hebrew : גדעון משה סער ; born 9 December 1966)

2436-519: The thirty-seventh government . Following the outbreak of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war , Sa'ar was one of five members of National Unity to join the emergency war government. Sa'ar was sworn in as a minister without portfolio on 12 October 2023. On March 12, Sa'ar announced that New Hope would leave the National Unity alliance. On 16 March, Sa'ar threatened to withdraw New Hope from the coalition if Prime Minister Netanyahu did not appoint him to

2520-461: The war cabinet ; Netanyahu did not do so, and nine days later, Sa'ar and the rest of New Hope left the government. On 29 September 2024, Sa'ar rejoined the Netanyahu cabinet as a minister without portfolio following a request from Netanyahu, with Sa'ar saying that his decision to return was “the patriotic and right thing to do now”. On November 5th 2024, it was announced that Sa'ar would replace Israel Katz as Foreign Minister . In 2004, Saar

2604-484: The "heir apparent to the Likud throne". In September 2018, he was ranked 25th along with fellow Likud members Yisrael Katz and Gilad Erdan . In October 2019, amid coalition talks, Prime Minister Netanyahu indicated he was considering holding a snap election for party leadership. In a terse tweet, Sa'ar responded "I'm ready." After Netanyahu decided against holding a leadership election, Sa'ar confirmed he would run in

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2688-470: The 60 day preceding an election is strictly regulated. The party called out Bardugo's repeated pro Likud messaging as well as an incident in which he called party members 'deserters and extortionists'. The party who at the time was expected to take around 10 seats in the upcoming election demanded his immediate suspension. On March 18 the Association of Journalists in Israel (numbering 3500 members of

2772-415: The British administration for protection from these gangs, the Jewish leadership created the Haganah to protect Jewish farms and kibbutzim . The first head of the Haganah was a 28-year-old named Yosef Hecht, a veteran of the Jewish Legion . In addition to guarding Jewish communities, the role of the Haganah was to warn the residents of and repel attacks by Palestinians. In the period between 1920 and 1929,

2856-624: The British authorities who had passed on information that led to the arrest of many Irgun activists. Many Jewish youth, who had joined the Haganah in order to defend the Jewish people, were greatly demoralized by operations against their own people. The Irgun, paralyzed by the Saison, were ordered by their commander, Menachem Begin , not to retaliate in an effort to avoid a full blown civil war. Although many Irgunists objected to these orders, they obeyed Begin and refrained from fighting back. The Saison eventually ended due to perceived British betrayal of

2940-506: The British stepped back from their all-out support for Haganah. In 1943, after a long series of requests and negotiations, the British Army announced the creation of the Jewish Brigade Group . While Palestinian Jews had been permitted to enlist in the British army since 1940, this was the first time an exclusively Jewish military unit served in the war under a Jewish flag. The Jewish Brigade Group consisted of 5,000 soldiers and

3024-440: The Haganah lacked a strong central authority or coordination. Haganah "units" were very localized and poorly armed: they consisted mainly of Jewish farmers who took turns guarding their farms or their kibbutzim. Following the 1929 Palestine riots , the Haganah's role changed dramatically. It became a much larger organization encompassing nearly all the youth and adults in the Jewish settlements, as well as thousands of members from

3108-543: The Haganah sabotaged the Patria , an ocean liner being used by the British to deport 1,800 Jews to Mauritius, with a bomb intended to cripple the ship. However the ship sank, killing 267 people and injuring 172. In the first years of World War II , the British authorities asked Haganah for cooperation again, due to the fear of an Axis breakthrough in North Africa. After Rommel was defeated at El Alamein in 1942,

3192-570: The Haganah was conducting brigade size offensive. The brigades of the Haganah which merged into the IDF once this was created on 26 May 1948: The northern Levanoni Brigade , located in the Galilee, was split on February 22, 1948 into the 1st and 2nd Brigades. To the initial six brigades, three were added later during the war: The Palmach brigades which merged into the IDF: After the British announced they would withdraw from Palestine, and

3276-459: The Haganah's strength at this time were a paper strength of 75,000 men and women with an effective strength of 30,000. After the British army, the Haganah was considered the most powerful military force in the Middle East. Research by Amos Perlmutter estimated that the Haganah budget in 1946 was £400,000, and by October 1947 its budget had reached £3.3 million. The same source estimated that

3360-483: The IDF. The station was unique in that it incorporated soldiers serving in the regular army into journalistic positions, including reporters, editors, producers, news broadcasters, music broadcasters, musical editors, announcers, etc. Following the Yom Kippur War in 1973, the station began broadcasting 24 hours a day, expanding its broadcasts to include news broadcasts and current affairs programming. For years, it

3444-529: The Irgun as hostages against the death sentences of three Irgun members in what became known as the Sergeants' affair . The Jewish Agency leadership feared the damage this act would do to the Jewish cause, and also believed that holding the hostages would only jeopardize the fates of the three condemned Irgun members. The attempts to free the sergeants failed, and following the executions of the three Irgun members,

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3528-444: The Israeli news media) published an urgent message to the station's commander, Simeon Elkabetz, demanding action be taken to stop the conduct of the host. This came after the latter lashed out against Moria Assaraf, the station's political correspondent, asking her "disgracefully" if she was " Ashkenazi's spokesperson" during a live show. Criticism over political imbalance exists over the station from both left & right wing sides of

3612-467: The Knesset, as New Hope gained six seats at the elections. Following the election, Sa'ar became Minister of Justice in the thirty-sixth government of Israel . On July 10, 2022, Sa'ar announced that New Hope would form an electoral alliance with Benny Gantz 's Blue and White , to be named National Unity . Sa'ar was second on the list. National Unity contested the 2022 Israeli legislative election , where it placed fourth with 12 seats and did not join

3696-432: The Likud primaries for its list going into the 2009 elections , giving him second place on the Likud list after leader Benjamin Netanyahu . He retained his seat, and was appointed Minister of Education on 31 March. In September 2014, Sa'ar announced that he would be resigning his post before the next election; with rumors of alleged sexual harassments background for his sudden resignation. He said he would still remain

3780-699: The Middle East) by members of the Lehi , the Haganah worked with the British to kidnap, interrogate, and, in some cases, deport Irgun members. This action, which lasted from November 1944 to February 1945, was called the Saison , or the Hunting Season, and was directed against the Irgun and not the Lehi. Future Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek was later revealed to be a Jewish Agency liaison officer working with

3864-620: The United Nations approved the partition of Palestine, the 1947-48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine broke out. The Haganah played the leading role in the Yishuv's war with the Palestinian Arabs. Initially, it concentrated on defending Jewish areas from Arab raids, but after the danger of British intervention subsided as the British withdrew, the Haganah went on the offensive and seized more territory. Following

3948-499: The Yishuv becoming more obvious to the public and increased opposition from Haganah members. The Saison officially ended when the Haganah, Irgun and the Lehi formed the Jewish Resistance Movement , in 1945. Within this new framework, the three groups agreed to operate under a joint command. They had different functions, which served to drive the British out of Palestine and create a Jewish state . The Haganah

4032-403: The activity of the underground groups in the pre-state period, recreating the everyday life of those imprisoned there. Some Bedouins had longstanding ties with nearby Jewish communities. They helped defend these communities in the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine . During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , some Bedouins of Tuba formed an alliance with the Haganah defending Jewish communities in

4116-886: The adoption of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947, Haganah came into the open as the biggest fighting force among the Palestinian Jews , successfully overcoming Arab militias during the Palestinian Civil War . Shortly after the beginning of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , Haganah was merged with other paramilitary groups and reorganized into the official military force of the State of Israel . The evolution of Jewish defense organizations in Palestine and later Israel went from small self-defense groups active during Ottoman rule, to ever larger and more sophisticated ones during

4200-507: The best defense is a good offense . In 1931, the more militant elements of the Haganah splintered off and formed the Irgun Tsva'i-Leumi (National Military Organization), better known as " Irgun " (or by its Hebrew acronym, pronounced "Etzel"). During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine , the Haganah worked to protect British interests and to quell the rebellion using the Posh and then

4284-407: The call-up was extended to men and single women aged between 26 and 35. Five days later a General Mobilization order was issued for all men under 40. "From November 1947, the Haganah, (...) began to change from a territorial militia into a regular army. (...) Few of the units had been well trained by December. (...) By March–April, it fielded still under-equipped battalion and brigades. By April–May,

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4368-639: The cities. It also acquired foreign arms and began to develop workshops to create grenades and simple military equipment, transforming from an untrained militia to a capable underground army. Many Haganah fighters objected to the official policy of havlagah (restraint) that Jewish political leaders (who had become increasingly controlling of the Haganah) had imposed on the militia. Fighters had been instructed to only defend communities and not initiate counterattacks against Arab gangs or their communities. This policy appeared defeatist to many who believed that

4452-421: The clock. In 1982, during the Lebanon War , the station collaborated with Israeli Educational Television (IETV). This wartime cooperation led to a daily news and interview show called Erev Hadash ( Hebrew : ערב חדש , lit. New Evening ). Galatz was the first radio station in Israel to abandon the formal, somewhat stilted Hebrew that was normally used in the media. Its entertainment programs to soldiers were

4536-555: The creation of the Palmach , their elite fighting force, in 1941. Following the end of World War II, the British refused to lift the restrictions on Jewish immigration that they had imposed with the 1939 White Paper . This resulted in Haganah leading a Jewish insurgency against the British authorities in Palestine ; the campaign included the paramilitaries' bombing of bridges, railways, and ships used to deport illegal Jewish immigrants , as well as assisting in bringing more diaspora Jews to Palestine in defiance of British policies. After

4620-449: The end of World War II , Haganah's activities were moderate, in accordance with the strategic policy of havlagah ( lit.   ' self-restraint ' ), which caused the breakaway of the more radical paramilitaries: Irgun and Lehi . Haganah militants received clandestine military support from Poland and sought cooperation with the United Kingdom in the event of an Axis -led invasion of Palestine through North Africa , prompting

4704-412: The endorsement of a few Likud Members of Knesset, including Haim Katz , the powerful head of the Likud central committee . Netanyahu was endorsed by Minister of Public Security Gilad Erdan while Knesset speaker Yuli Edelstein declined to endorse either candidate. During the campaign, Netanyahu's campaign slammed Sa'ar on Twitter saying he "has aligned with the Left and the media in order to remove

4788-499: The ensuing 1948–49 full-scale conventional war against regular Arab armies, the Haganah was reorganized to become the core of the new Israel Defense Forces. After the 1920 Nebi Musa riots and 1921 Jaffa riots by Palestinians , the Jewish leadership in Palestine believed that the British, to whom the League of Nations had given a mandate over Palestine in 1920, had no desire to confront local Arab groups that frequently attacked Palestinian Jews. Believing that they could not rely on

4872-413: The first to use colloquial Hebrew on air. Its news bulletins use a more relaxed linguistic style than IBA's Kol Yisrael (קול ישראל, Voice of Israel ) hourly bulletins. This presentation style proved particularly popular among two age groups: youngsters and senior citizens. In April 1983, the radio station broadcast an interview with historian Yehuda Bauer discussing similarities between the Holocaust and

4956-403: The idea of establishing a Palestinian state in Judea and Samaria as a solution to the conflict." He has expressed support for a long-term solution involving Jordan . He supported annexation of the West Bank , and supported the idea of Palestinian autonomy in a federation with Jordan. In 2020 he declared "Between the Jordan River and the sea there won’t be another independent state". As

5040-412: The leadership of Likud. He subsequently formed his own party, New Hope , and became Minister of Justice (2021–2022) and Deputy Prime Minister (2021) in the Thirty-sixth government . In 2022, Sa'ar formed an electoral pact with Benny Gantz 's Blue and White , named National Unity . As a member of the alliance, he returned to the opposition following the 2022 election . Following the breakout of

5124-399: The membership of the Haganah was 7% of the Jewish population in Palestine. In July 1947, eager to maintain order with the visit of UNSCOP to Palestine and under heavy pressure from the British authorities to resume collaboration, the Jewish Agency reluctantly came into brief conflict with the Irgun and Lehi, and ordered the Haganah to put a stop to the operations of the other two groups for

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5208-456: The newspaper TheMarker published its own investigative article under the title "The Home of (Netanyahu's) Soldiers" (a play on the station's slogan "The home of the soldiers" in Hebrew) which included a testimony by a former soldier in the station describing a scripting channel between prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu 's staff and the broadcaster, among other via his staff head Natan Eshel. In 2016, Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot said that "it

5292-473: The next election and would support Netanyahu until then. On 24 November 2019, Sa'ar asked the Likud Central Committee to schedule a party leadership race within two weeks, allowing the winner to try to form a coalition government before the Knesset would be dissolved which would trigger new Knesset elections, the third in a year. After the Knesset was dissolved and elections set for 2 March 2020, leadership elections were set for 26 December 2019. Sa'ar received

5376-504: The other two groups continued to operate independently in Jerusalem and abroad for some time after. The reorganization led to several conflicts between Ben-Gurion and the Haganah leadership, including what was known as The Generals' Revolt and the dismantling of the Palmach. Famous members of the Haganah included Yitzhak Rabin , Ariel Sharon , Rehavam Ze'evi , Dov Hoz , Moshe Dayan , Yigal Allon and Dr. Ruth Westheimer . The Museum of Underground Prisoners in Jerusalem commemorates

5460-439: The political map. The My Israel right wing movement launched on June 21, 2011, a campaign against the station claiming that it was operating against IDF soldiers and out of extreme left wing political agenda. On June 26 more than 100 reserve soldiers demonstrated against the station calling to privatize it or balancing its broadcast tone. In September 2020, the Times of Israel newspaper published an investigative article under

5544-400: The prime minister from the leadership of the state". At a conference the week before, Sa'ar had spoken against the "two state illusion" and criticized Netanyahu for offering territorial concessions to the Palestinians despite them being uninterested in peace talks, saying, "Around the world, the words 'two-state solution' remain a kind of certificate of acceptance. I have to tell you this is not

5628-418: The relationship between Italy and Israel. On April 17, 2012, Sa'ar received the Orden del Mérito Civil , a first class honor awarded by the King of Spain, Juan Carlos I , for his contribution to Israel–Spain relations . Sa'ar has stated that he is opposed to a two-state solution, arguing "There is no two-state solution; there is at most a two-state slogan", and that it would be "a mistake to return to

5712-484: The responsibility on the ground as chief of Operations. Palmach, commanded by Yigal Allon , was divided into 3 elite brigades, numbered 10–12, and constituted the mobile force of Haganah. Ben-Gurion's attempts to retain personal control over the newly formed IDF culminated with The Generals' Revolt . On 19 November 1947, obligatory conscription was instituted for all men and women aged between 17 and 25. By end of March 21,000 people had been conscripted. On 30 March

5796-431: The rest of the month spent training. It was never large – by 1947 it amounted to merely five battalions (about 2,000 men) – but its members had not only received physical and military training, but also acquired leadership skills that would subsequently enable them to take up command positions in Israel's army. In 1944, after the assassination of Lord Moyne (the British Minister of State for

5880-412: The time being. As Palmach members refused to participate, a unit of about 200 men from regular Haganah units was mobilized, and foiled several operations against the British, including a potentially devastating attack on the British military headquarters at Citrus House in Tel Aviv, in which a Haganah member was killed by an Irgun bomb. The Haganah also joined the search for two British sergeants abducted by

5964-437: The title "Bardugo Airwaves" describing the use made by broadcaster Yaakov Bardugo of his daily political program for the purpose of promoting right wing political agenda and the spread of fake news. In February 2021, the newspaper published a second investigation titled "One Man's Propaganda Machine" over Bardugo's use of the station as a platform for repeated assault against the Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit . In March 2021,

6048-635: The training was useful in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . During the interwar period, as part of its policy of supporting a Jewish state in Palestine in order to facilitate mass Jewish emigration from its territory, the Second Polish Republic provided military training and weapons to Zionist paramilitary groups, including Haganah. Envoys from Haganah headed by Yehuda Arazi received dozens of shipments with military supplies, including 2750 Mauser rifles, 225 RKM machine guns, 10,000 hand grenades, two million bullets for rifles and machine guns, and

6132-479: The two sergeants were killed and hanged in a eucalyptus grove. However, the campaign soon disintegrated into a series of retaliatory abductions and beatings of each other's members by the Haganah and Irgun, and eventually petered out. The campaign was dubbed the "Little Season" by the Irgun. After "having gotten the Jews of Palestine and of elsewhere to do everything that they could, personally and financially, to help Yishuv ," Ben-Gurion's second greatest achievement

6216-567: The war against Hitler as if there were no White Paper, and we shall fight the White Paper as if there were no war." In reaction to the White Paper, the Haganah built up the Palmach as the Haganah's elite strike force and organized illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. Approximately 100,000 Jews were brought to Palestine in over one hundred ships during the final decade of what became known as Aliyah Bet . The Haganah also organized demonstrations against British immigration quotas. In 1940

6300-683: Was awarded the Italian honor of Ufficiale. In 2009, he was awarded the OMC badge, for "being a politician who has not been blemished to this day" and for his action to strengthen the rule of law and his firm stand against political appointments. In 2011, he was awarded an honorary degree by the President of Italy - Commendatore (Trustee) by the Italian Ambassador to Israel, Luigi Mattiolo , in recognition of his contribution to strengthening

6384-631: Was born in Tel Aviv . His mother Bruriah is a Mizrahi - Bukharian Jew . His father Shmuel is an Ashkenazi Jew who was born in Ukraine and moved to Argentina as a child before immigrating to Israel . He has two siblings, a brother and a sister. His father was a doctor. Sa'ar grew up primarily in Tel Aviv, but as a child, he lived for a number of years in Mitzpe Ramon , where his father worked as

6468-608: Was defined by the Israeli Broadcasting Authority law (paragraph 48). The Israel Defense Forces was authorized to choose its programming for soldiers, but programs for civilians had to receive approval from the IBA. During the station's formative period in the 1960s and 1970s, it was headed by Yitzhak Livni. In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War , Galatz was the first Israeli radio station to broadcast around

6552-475: Was his having successfully transformed Haganah from being a clandestine paramilitary organization into a true army. Ben-Gurion appointed Israel Galili to the position of head of the High Command counsel of Haganah and divided Haganah into 6 infantry brigades, numbered 1 to 6, allotting a precise theatre of operation to each one. Yaakov Dori was named Chief of Staff, but it was Yigael Yadin who assumed

6636-458: Was initially deployed with the 8th Army in North Africa and later in Italy in September 1944. The brigade was disbanded in 1946. All in all, some 30,000 Palestinian Jews served in the British army during the war. On May 14, 1941, the Haganah created the Palmach (an acronym for Plugot Mahatz  – strike companies), an elite commando section, in preparation against the possibility of

6720-753: Was less active in the Jewish Rebellion than the other two groups, but the Palmach did carry out anti-British operations, including a raid on the Atlit detainee camp that released 208 illegal immigrants, the Night of the Trains , the Night of the Bridges , and attacks on Palestine Police bases. The Haganah withdrew on 1 July 1946, but "remained permanently unco-operative" with the British authorities. It continued to organize illegal Jewish immigration as part of

6804-593: Was opposed to Israel's unilateral disengagement plan , and attempted to pass a bill demanding a referendum on the subject. After retaining his seat in the 2006 elections he was reappointed Group Chairman and also became a deputy Knesset speaker. While in the Knesset, Sa'ar proposed bills to jail employers who fire pregnant women, (he chaired the Knesset Committee on the Status of Women) and to ban cosmetics testing on animals. In December 2008 Sa'ar won

6888-534: Was the main Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the British Mandate for Palestine . It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the region, and was formally disbanded in 1948, when it became the core force integrated into the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence . Formed out of previous existing militias, Haganah's original purpose

6972-473: Was the only Israeli station that continued to broadcast throughout the night. In November 1993 Galei Zahal began operating Galgalatz , which broadcasts music interspersed with traffic reports and has high listener rates. According to Oren Soffer, a head of communication studies in Open University, Galei Zahal has become symbol of pluralism and journalistic freedom. According to Michael Handelzalts,

7056-411: Was to defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks ; this was the case during the 1920 Nebi Musa riots , the 1921 Jaffa riots , the 1929 Palestine riots , the 1936 Jaffa riots , and the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine , among others. The paramilitary was under the control of the Jewish Agency , the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British era. Until

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