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84-628: Israel Horovitz (March 31, 1939 – November 9, 2020) was an American playwright , director , actor and co-founder of the Gloucester Stage Company in 1979. He served as artistic director until 2006 and later served on the board, ex officio and as artistic director emeritus until his resignation in November 2017 after The New York Times reported allegations of sexual misconduct. Horovitz wrote more than 70 plays, many of which were translated and performed in various languages. He

168-482: A murder mystery play which is the longest-running West End show , it has by far the longest run of any play in the world, with its 29,500th performance having taken place as of February 2024. Contemporary playwrights in the United States are affected by recent declines in theatre attendance. No longer the only outlet for serious drama or entertaining comedies, theatrical productions must use ticket sales as

252-693: A collection of four of his plays, entitled First Season (1968). Horovitz wrote two novels:  Cappella  ( Harper and Row ) and  Guignol's Legacy  (Three Rooms Press); a novella ,  Nobody Loves Me  (Les Editions de Minuit); and a collection of poetry,  Heaven and Others Poems  (Three Rooms Press). His memoir, Un New-Yorkais a Paris (Grasset), was published in France in 2011. Horovitz wrote more than 70 produced plays, many of which have been translated and performed in more than 30 languages worldwide. Among Horovitz's best-known plays are Line (a revival of which opened in 1974 and

336-401: A median income of $ 41,465 versus $ 30,566 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 25,595. About 7.1% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over. Gloucester is a city, with a strong mayor-council system. The current mayor of Gloucester is Gregory P. Verga as of January 2022. The Mayor

420-654: A playwright, winning awards for his play The Phoenix at both the New York International Fringe Festival in 1999 and the Route 66 American Playwriting Competition in 2000. Today, theatre companies have new play development programs meant to develop new American voices in playwriting. Many regional theatres have hired dramaturges and literary managers in an effort to showcase various festivals for new work, or bring in playwrights for residencies. Funding through national organizations, such as

504-547: A poet, not a playwright, since plays during that time were written in meter and so were regarded as the province of poets. This view was held as late as the early 19th century. The term "playwright" later again lost this negative connotation. The earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks . These early plays were for annual Athenian competitions among play writers held around

588-458: A public schoolhouse. This requirement was met in 1698, with Thomas Riggs standing as the town's first schoolmaster. In 1700, the selectmen of Gloucester recognized the claim of Samuel English, grandson of Agawam sachem Masconomet, to the land of the town, and paid him seven pounds (equal to £1,327 today) for the quitclaim. The White-Ellery House was erected in 1710 upon the Town Green. It

672-408: A reaction to the decadence of Charles II era productions, sentimental comedy grew in popularity. Playwrights like Colley Cibber and Richard Steele believed that humans were inherently good but capable of being led astray. The Italian Renaissance brought about a stricter interpretation of Aristotle, as this long-lost work came to light in the late 15th century. The neoclassical ideal, which

756-488: A red shrub or two to wave from a crevice, and a drip of water to flow down among gay weeds. Room for these dwellings is obtained by blasting the rocks. Formerly, people were frightened at fragments falling through the roof after a blasting: but now, it has become too common an occurrence to alarm any body. Gloucester is located at 42°37′26″N 70°40′32″W  /  42.62389°N 70.67556°W  / 42.62389; -70.67556 (42.624015, −70.675521). According to

840-525: A source of income, which has caused many of them to reduce the number of new works being produced. For example, Playwrights Horizons produced only six plays in the 2002–03 seasons, compared with thirty-one in 1973–74. Playwrights commonly encounter difficulties in getting their shows produced and often cannot earn a living through their plays alone, leading them to take up other jobs to supplement their incomes. Many playwrights are also film makers . For instance, filmmaker Morgan Spurlock began his career as

924-461: A taxi driver, a stagehand and an advertising executive before having his first success in the theatre with his play The Indian Wants the Bronx , which featured two yet-undiscovered future film stars:  John Cazale  and  Al Pacino . The play premiered in 1966 at the  Eugene O'Neill Theater Center  in  Waterford, Connecticut . Pacino and Cazale starred; it

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1008-541: A time of legally mandated church attendance this was a long way to walk—or row—on a Sunday morning. In 1718 the settlers on the opposite shore of the river split off from the First Parish community at the Green and formed "Second Parish". While still part of the town of Gloucester, the people of Second, or "West", Parish now constructed their own meetinghouse and designated their own place of burial, both of which were in

1092-409: A village exists on Pole's Hill in the current Riverdale neighborhood. In 1606, Samuel de Champlain explored the harbor, and produced the first known map of Gloucester harbor titling it le Beau port . This map suggests substantial Native American settlement on the shores of the harbor. In 1614 John Smith again explored the area, identifying the indigenous inhabitants as Aggawom . In 1623 men from

1176-666: Is NYC's longest-running play, closing in 2018 after 43 years of continuous performance at Off-Off-Broadway 's 13th Street Repertory Theatre ), Park Your Car in Harvard Yard , The Primary English Class , The Widow's Blind Date , What Strong Fences Make , and The Indian Wants the Bronx , for which he won the Obie Award for Best Play. Horovitz divided his time between the US and France, where he often directed French-language productions of his plays. On his 70th birthday, Horovitz

1260-585: Is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts , United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore . The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. Census . An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam , Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia , Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester. The boundaries of Gloucester originally included

1344-416: Is a largely autobiographical account of a playwright dealing with the stress of having his play produced on Broadway while trying to raise a large family. Other Horovitz-penned films include the award-winning Sunshine , co-written with Istvan Szabo (European Academy Award – Best Screenplay), 3 Weeks After Paradise (which he directed and in which he starred), James Dean , an award-winning biography of

1428-525: Is also reserved a seat on the School Committee . City offices are elected every two years (those ending with odd numbers). In 2007, over 40 people ran for the 15 elected seats in the city's government. The city is divided into five Wards, each split into two precincts: As late as the mid-20th century, Gloucester had as many as eight wards, but they have been since reorganized into the current number. On November 7, 2005, incumbent Mayor John Bell

1512-423: Is coincidental.) The first recorded use of the term "playwright" is from 1605, 73 years before the first written record of the term "dramatist". It appears to have been first used in a pejorative sense by Ben Jonson to suggest a mere tradesman fashioning works for the theatre. Jonson uses the word in his Epigram 49, which is thought to refer to John Marston or Thomas Dekker : Jonson described himself as

1596-450: Is divided from the rest of Massachusetts Bay by Eastern Point, extending some 2 miles (3 km) outward from the mainland. There are several parks in the city, the largest of which are Ravenswood Park , Stage Fort Park and Mount Ann Park. Gloucester lies between Ipswich Bay to the north and Massachusetts Bay to the south. The city is bordered on the east by Rockport , and on the west by Ipswich , Essex and Manchester-by-the-Sea to

1680-542: Is still useful to playwrights today is the " French scene ", which is a scene in a play where the beginning and end are marked by a change in the makeup of the group of characters onstage rather than by the lights going up or down or the set being changed. Notable playwrights: Greek theater was alive and flourishing on the island of Crete. During the Cretan Renaissance two notable Greek playwrights Georgios Chortatzis and Vitsentzos Kornaros were present in

1764-663: Is the birthplace of Marvel character Dane Whitman whose superhero alter ego is the Black Knight . National Geographic Channel films its reality television series Wicked Tuna , documenting and chronicling the lives of commercial tuna fishermen, and the lucrative bluefin tuna industry, in Gloucester. Route 66 season 2, episode 6, "Once To Every Man" (October 27, 1961) was set and filmed in Gloucester. Bewitched season 7, episode 5, "Darrin On A Pedestal" (October 22, 1970)

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1848-622: Is the most-produced American playwright in French theatre history. In 1979 Horovitz founded the Gloucester Stage Company in Gloucester, Massachusetts , and continued to serve as its artistic director for 28 years. He also founded The New York Playwrights Lab in 1975, and served as the NYPL's artistic director. He was co-director of Compagnia Horovitz-Paciotto, an Italian theatre-company that produces Horovitz's plays, exclusively. In addition, Horovitz

1932-1040: The Ashcan School such as Edward Hopper , John Sloan , Robert Henri , William Glackens , Emile Gruppe, Carl W. Illig, and Maurice Prendergast . Smith Cove is home to the Rocky Neck Art Colony, the oldest art colony in the country. Folly Cove was the home of the Folly Cove Designers , influential to this day in print design and technique. Several important sculptors have lived and worked in East Gloucester, Annisquam , Lanesville and Folly Cove. They include George Aarons, Anna Hyatt Huntington , Charles Grafly , Paul Manship and his daughter-in-law Margaret Cassidy Manship, Walker Hancock , and George Demetrios. In addition, Aristides Demetrios grew up in Folly Cove. Gloucester

2016-461: The City Dionysia's competition (the most prestigious of the festivals to stage drama), playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays (though the individual works were not necessarily connected by story or theme), which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play. For the ancient Greeks, playwriting involved poïesis , "the act of making". This is the source of

2100-528: The Dorchester Company established a permanent fishing outpost in the area. At the Cape Ann settlement, a legal form of government was established, and from that Massachusetts Bay Colony sprung. Roger Conant was the governor under the Cape Ann patent, and as such, has been called the first governor of Massachusetts. Life in this first settlement was harsh and it was short-lived. The area

2184-624: The National Endowment for the Arts and the Theatre Communications Group , encouraged the partnerships of professional theatre companies and emerging playwrights. Playwrights will often have a cold reading of a script in an informal sitdown setting, which allows them to evaluate their own plays and the actors performing them. Cold reading means that the actors haven't rehearsed the work, or may be seeing it for

2268-647: The North Shore to Boston's North Station . The nearest airport is the Beverly Municipal Airport , with the nearest national and international air service being at Boston's Logan International Airport . As of the 2000 census , there were 30,273 people, 12,592 households, and 7,895 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,166.0 inhabitants per square mile (450.2/km ). There were 13,958 housing units at an average density of 537.6 per square mile (207.6/km ). The racial makeup of

2352-551: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 41.5 square miles (107.5 km ), of which 26.2 square miles (67.8 km ) is land and 15.3 square miles (39.6 km ), or 36.88%, is water. Gloucester occupies most of the eastern end of Cape Ann, except for the far tip, which is the town of Rockport. The city is split in half by the Annisquam River , which flows northward through

2436-459: The interregnum , and Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, there was a move toward neoclassical dramaturgy. Between the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and the end of the 17th century, classical ideas were in vogue. As a result, critics of the time mostly rated Shakespeare below John Fletcher and Ben Jonson. This period saw the first professional woman playwright, Aphra Behn . As

2520-460: The " Gloucester Fisherman's Memorial Cenotaph "), dedicated to "They that go down to the sea in ships", which is a quote from Psalm 107:23–32. Gloucester's largest annual event is St. Peter's Fiesta , sponsored by the local Italian-American community. It is held the last weekend in June, which is typically the weekend closest to the saint's feast day . Preceded by a nine-day novena of prayers,

2604-523: The 13th century. The majority of these plays come from France and Germany and are similar in tone and form, emphasizing sex and bodily excretions. The best known playwright of farces is Hans Sachs (1494–1576) who wrote 198 dramatic works. In England, The Second Shepherds' Play of the Wakefield Cycle is the best known early farce. However, farce did not appear independently in England until

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2688-584: The 16th century with the work of John Heywood (1497–1580). Playwright William Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer in the English language, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted. Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some point, as critics agree Shakespeare did, mostly early and late in his career. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. In England, after

2772-473: The 5th century BC. Such notables as Aeschylus , Sophocles , Euripides , and Aristophanes established forms still relied on by their modern counterparts. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides . The origins of Athenian tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century it was institutionalised in competitions ( agon ) held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysos (the god of wine and fertility ). As contestants in

2856-476: The Blynman Canal and passing through downtown towards Rockport. It then re-enters Gloucester near Folly Cove, running opposite of its usual north–south orientation towards its terminus at Route 128. Route 133 also terminates within the city, entering from Essex and terminating just west of the Blynman Canal at Route 127. Besides the bridge over the Blynman Canal, there are only two other connections between

2940-664: The Catholic celebration, St Peter's Fiesta, relatives of fishermen past and present carry oars representing many of the fishing vessels which call Gloucester their home. Saint Peter is the patron saint of the fishermen. Gloucester remains an active fishing port, and in 2013 ranked 21st in the United States with respect to fish landings. In that year, 62 million pounds of fish were caught bringing in an estimated $ 42 million. Gloucester's scenery, active fishing industry, and arts community have attracted and inspired painters since

3024-695: The Elliot Norton Prize; a Lifetime Achievement Award from B'nai B'rith; the Literature Prize of Washington College; an honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from Salem State College; Boston Public Library's Literary Lights Award; the Walker Hancock Prize, and many others. In 1993, The Boston Phoenix published an article which covered a series of accusations against Horovitz by six different women associated with

3108-424: The English word poet . Despite Chinese Theatre having performers dated back to the 6th century BC with You Meng , their perspective of theatre was such that plays had no other role than "performer" or "actor", but given that the performers were also the ones who invented their performances, they could be considered a form of playwright. Outside of the Western world there is Indian classical drama , with one of

3192-500: The GSC, was also its artistic director from 1979 to 2006. Over the years, plays developed at the Gloucester Stage Company have gone on to critical acclaim, on and off Broadway , nationally and internationally. The group draws theatre-goers from Gloucester, neighboring North Shore districts, and the greater Boston area, as well as seasonal residents and tourists. The city has much significant architecture , from pre-Revolutionary houses to

3276-505: The GSC. The actresses and staff members alleged that the playwright used offensive language, kissed, and/or fondled them. In response, Horovitz said, "it's rubbish. Someone was fired, and this is their revenge." At the time, no charges or lawsuits were filed against Horovitz, nor was any disciplinary action taken by the GSC's board. On November 30, 2017, a New York Times article stated that nine women said that Horovitz had sexually assaulted or harassed them between 1986 and 2016. Some of

3360-516: The King in the Siege of Gloucester of 1643. This new permanent settlement focused on the Town Green area, an inlet in the marshes at a bend in the Annisquam River . This area is now the site of Grant Circle, a large traffic rotary at which Massachusetts Route 128 mingles with a major city street (Washington Street/ Rt 127 ). Here the first permanent settlers built a meeting house and therefore focused

3444-410: The United States in the mid-1830s, commented on the ubiquity of granite there: It has great wealth of granite and fish. It is composed of granite; and almost its only visitors are fish. **** The houses look as if they were squeezed in among the rocks. The granite rises straight behind a house, encroaches on each side, and overhangs the roof, leaving space only for a sprinkling of grass about the door, for

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3528-518: The actor, and The Strawberry Statement (Prix du Jury, Cannes Film festival, 1970), a movie adapted from a journalistic novel by James Simon Kunen that deals with the student political unrest of the 1960s. Horovitz adapted his stage play My Old Lady for the screen, which he directed in summer, 2013, starring Maggie Smith , Kevin Kline , Kristin Scott-Thomas and Dominique Pinon . The film

3612-419: The age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under

3696-399: The age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 58,568, and the median income for a family was $ 80,970 from a 2007 estimate. Males had

3780-447: The city was 96.99% White , 0.61% African American , 0.72% Asian , 0.12% Native American , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.50% from other races , and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population. 22.6% were of Italian , 16.2% Irish , 11.1% English , 8.5% Portuguese and 7.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000 . There were 12,592 households, out of which 27.6% had children under

3864-456: The city. In the late 19th century, Gloucester saw an influx of Portuguese and Italian immigrants; they were seeking work in the town's flourishing fishing industry, and a better life in America. Some present-day fishermen of Gloucester are descendants of these early immigrants. The strong Portuguese and Italian influence is evident in the many festivals celebrated throughout the year. During

3948-401: The companies based in Gloucester. The town was an important shipbuilding center, and the first schooner was reputedly built there in 1713. The community developed into an important fishing port, largely due to its proximity to Georges Bank and other fishing banks off the east coast of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland . Gloucester's most famous (and nationally recognized) seafood business

4032-756: The early 19th century. The first Gloucester painter of note was native-born Fitz Henry Lane , whose home still exists on the waterfront. The premier collection of his works is in the Cape Ann Museum , which holds 40 of his paintings and 100 of his drawings. Other painters subsequently attracted to Gloucester include William Morris Hunt , Winslow Homer , Childe Hassam , John Twachtman , Frederick Mulhaupt, Frank Duveneck , Cecilia Beaux , Jane Peterson , Gordon Grant, Harry DeMaine, Emile Gruppe , Stuart Davis , Joseph Solman , Mark Rothko , Milton Avery , Barnett Newman , William Meyerowitz , Joan Lockhart, Theresa Bernstein , and Marsden Hartley , and artists from

4116-809: The eastern and western halves of town, the A. Piatt Andrew Memorial Bridge, carrying Route 128, and the Boston & Maine Railroad Bridge, just north of the Blynman Canal. Gloucester is home to the Cape Ann Transportation Authority , which serves the city and surrounding towns. Two stops (in West Gloucester and in downtown Gloucester ) provide access to the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail , which extends from Rockport along

4200-531: The elder Horovitz made predatory advances toward her following an audition for one of his plays in 1989. He was married three times: Horovitz died on November 9, 2020, from cancer in Manhattan. Playwright The earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks . William Shakespeare is amongst the most famous playwrights in literature, both in England and across

4284-545: The first time, and usually, the technical requirements are minimal. The O'Neill Festival offers summer retreats for young playwrights to develop their work with directors and actors. Playwriting collectives like 13P and Orbiter 3 gather members together to produce, rather than develop, new works. The idea of the playwriting collective is in response to plays being stuck in the development process and never advancing to production. Gloucester, Massachusetts Gloucester ( / ˈ ɡ l ɒ s t ər / GLOST -ər )

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4368-511: The hills near the marshes behind Wingaersheek Beach. The meetinghouse is gone now, but deep in the woods on the Second Parish Road, Old Thompson road, one can still find the stone foundation and memorial altar, as well as scattered stones of the abandoned burial ground. Other parts of town later followed suit. Third Parish, in northern Gloucester, was founded in 1728. Fourth Parish split off from First Parish in 1742. Finally, in 1754,

4452-491: The hilltop 1870 City Hall, which dominates the town and harbor. It also has exotic waterfront homes now converted to museums, including Beauport , built 1907–1934 by designer Henry Davis Sleeper in collaboration with local architect Halfdan Hanson, said to raise eclecticism to the level of genius. In addition, it has Hammond Castle , built 1926–1929 by inventor John Hays Hammond, Jr. , as a setting for his collection of Roman , medieval and Renaissance artifacts . Gloucester

4536-414: The island became known as the "Commons", the "Common Village", or " Dogtown ". Small dwellings lay scattered here amongst the boulders and swamps, along roads that meandered through the hills. These dwellings were at times little more than shanties; only one was even two stories tall. Despite their size, several generations of families were raised in such houses. One feature of the construction of these houses

4620-490: The latter part of the 16th century. The plays of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Friedrich Schiller , and other Sturm und Drang playwrights inspired a growing faith in feeling and instinct as guides to moral behavior and were part of the German romanticism movement. Aleksandr Ostrovsky was Russia's first professional playwright). Author and playwright Agatha Christie wrote The Moustrap ,

4704-617: The middle of the city into Ipswich Bay. At its southern end, it is connected to Gloucester Harbor by the Blynman Canal. The land along the northwestern shore of the river is marshy, creating several small islands. Gloucester Harbor is divided into several smaller coves, including the Western Harbor (site of the Fisherman's Memorial) and the Inner Harbor (home to the Gloucester fishing fleet). The eastern side of Gloucester Harbor

4788-547: The nexus of their settlement on the "Island" for nearly 100 years. Unlike other early coastal towns in New England , development in Gloucester was not focused around the harbor as it is today, rather it was inland that people settled first. This is evidenced by the placement of the Town Green nearly two miles from the harbor-front. The Town Green is also where the settlers built the first school. By Massachusetts Bay Colony Law, any town with 100 families or more had to provide

4872-433: The oldest known playwrights being Śudraka , whose attributed plays can be dated to the second century BC. The Nāṭya Shāstra , a text on the performing arts from between 500BC-500AD, categorizes playwrights as being among the members of a theatre company, although playwrights were generally the highest in social status, with some being kings. In the 4th century BCE, Aristotle wrote his Poetics , in which he analyzed

4956-493: The people of Sandy Bay (what would later be called Rockport) split off from First Parish to found Fifth Parish. The Sandy Bay church founding was the last religious re-ordering of the colonial period. All of these congregations still exist in some form, with the exception of Fourth Parish, the site of whose meeting house is now a highway. At one time, there was a thriving granite industry in Gloucester. English writer Harriet Martineau , who visited Gloucester during her travels in

5040-435: The principle of action or praxis as the basis for tragedy. He then considered elements of drama: plot ( μύθος mythos ), character ( ἔθος ethos ), thought ( dianoia ), diction ( lexis ), music ( melodia ), and spectacle ( opsis ). Since the myths on which Greek tragedy were based were widely known, plot had to do with the arrangement and selection of existing material. Character

5124-404: The society, making it much more closely knit with extended families interlocking in business relationships. Early Gloucestermen cleared great swaths of the forest of Cape Ann for farm and pasture land, using the timber to build structures as far away as Boston. The rocky moors of Gloucester remained clear for two centuries until the forest reclaimed the land in the 20th century. The inland part of

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5208-545: The town of Rockport , in an area dubbed "Sandy Bay". The village separated formally from Gloucester on February 27, 1840. In 1873, Gloucester was reincorporated as a city. Native Americans inhabited what would become northeastern Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to the European colonization of the Americas . At the time of contact, the area was inhabited by Agawam people under sachem Masconomet . Evidence of

5292-485: The unities. Decorum fitted proper protocols for behavior and language on stage. In France, contained too many events and actions, thus, violating the 24-hour restriction of the unity of time. Neoclassicism never had as much traction in England, and Shakespeare 's plays are directly opposed to these models, while in Italy, improvised and bawdy commedia dell'arte and opera were more popular forms. One structural unit that

5376-505: The west. (The town line with Ipswich is located across Essex Harbor, and as such there is no land connection between the towns.) Gloucester lies 16 miles (26 km) east-northeast of Salem and 31 miles (50 km) northeast of Boston . Gloucester lies at the eastern terminus of Route 128 , which ends at Route 127A . Route 127A begins at Route 127 just east of the Route 128 terminus, heading into Rockport before terminating there. Route 127 enters from Manchester-by-the-Sea before crossing

5460-645: The women were under the age of legal consent at the time. As a result, Horovitz left the Gloucester Stage Company (GSC), the theater company he had founded. His son Adam Horovitz said, "I believe the allegations against my father are true, and I stand behind the women that made them." The February 5, 2018 episode of the Hidden Brain podcast Why Now? features in-depth interviews with women who have accused Horovitz of sexual assault. On February 19, actress Heather Graham , who briefly dated Horovitz's son Adam, appeared on Marc Maron 's podcast WTF and said that

5544-426: The world. The word "play" is from Middle English pleye , from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsperson or builder (as in a wheelwright or cartwright ). The words combine to indicate a person who has "wrought" words, themes, and other elements into a dramatic form—a play. (The homophone with "write"

5628-410: Was abandoned around 1626, and the people removed themselves to Naumkeag (in what is now called Salem, Massachusetts ), where more fertile soil for planting was to be found. The meetinghouse and governor's house were even disassembled and relocated to the new place of settlement. At some point in the following years (though no record exists), the area was slowly resettled by English colonists. The town

5712-602: Was also the home of feminist writer Judith Sargent Murray and John Murray , the founder of the first Universalist Church in America. Their house still exists as the Sargent House Museum . Many museums are located in the main downtown area, such as the Cape Ann Museum, and the museum/aquarium Maritime Gloucester. Gloucester's most noted landmark is the harborside Man at the Wheel statue (also known as

5796-458: Was born to a Jewish family in Wakefield, Massachusetts , the son of Hazel Rose (née Solberg) and Julius Charles Horovitz, a lawyer. At age 13, he wrote his first novel, which was rejected by Simon & Schuster but complimented for its "wonderful, childlike qualities." At age 17, he wrote his first play, entitled The Comeback , which was performed at nearby Suffolk University . He worked as

5880-474: Was built at the edge of a marsh for Gloucester's first settled minister, the Reverend John White (1677–1760). Early industry included subsistence farming and logging. Because of the poor soil and rocky hills, Cape Ann was not well suited for farming on a large scale. Small family farms and livestock provided the bulk of the sustenance to the population. Fishing, for which the town is known today,

5964-407: Was decorated by the French government as Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres . The 70/70 Horovitz Project was created by NYC Barefoot Theatre Company to celebrate Horovitz's 70th birthday. During the year following March 31, 2009, 70 of Horovitz's plays had productions and/or reading by theatre companies around the globe, including the national theatres of Nigeria, Benin, Greece and Ghana. He

6048-714: Was determined by choice and by action. Tragedy is mimesis —"the imitation of an action that is serious". He developed his notion of hamartia , or tragic flaw, an error in judgment by the main character or protagonist , which provides the basis for the "conflict-driven" play. There were also a number of secular performances staged in the Middle Ages, the earliest of which is The Play of the Greenwood by Adam de la Halle in 1276. It contains satirical scenes and folk material such as faeries and other supernatural occurrences. Farces also rose dramatically in popularity after

6132-508: Was elected to serve a full two-year term on November 2, 2015, and re-elected again in 2017 and 2019. She was defeated for re-election in 2021 by Gregory P. Verga. The following schools are located within the Gloucester Public Schools District: Gorton's of Gloucester , Mighty Mac, Gloucester Engineering, Good Harbor Consulting, Para Research, Aid-Pack, Cyrk, and Varian Semiconductor are among

6216-466: Was formally incorporated in 1642. It is at this time that the name "Gloucester" first appears on tax rolls, although in various spellings. The town took its name from the city of Gloucester in southwest England, perhaps from where many of its new occupants originated but more likely because Gloucester, England, was a Parliamentarian stronghold, successfully defended with the aid of the Earl of Essex against

6300-416: Was founded in 1849 as John Pew & Sons. It became Gorton-Pew Fisheries in 1906, and in 1957 changed its name to Gorton's of Gloucester . The iconic image of the "Gorton's Fisherman", and the products he represents, are known throughout the country and beyond. Besides catching and processing seafood, Gloucester is also a center for research on marine life and conservation; Ocean Alliance is headquartered in

6384-512: Was limited to close-to-shore, with families subsisting on small catches as opposed to the great bounties yielded in later years. The fishermen of Gloucester did not command the Grand Banks until the mid-18th century. Historian Christine Heyrman, examining the town's society between 1690 and 1750, finds that at the beginning community sensibility was weak in a town that was a loose agglomeration of individuals. Commerce and capitalism transformed

6468-525: Was one of a select group of non-actors awarded membership in The Actors Studio . Horovitz had a long-term friendship with Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and often found in Beckett a thematic and stylistic model and inspiration for his own work. Horovitz has also worked with The Byre Theatre of St Andrews, Scotland. His screenplay for the 1982 film Author! Author! , starring Al Pacino ,

6552-636: Was re-elected to a third term in office. He stated his intention not to run for reelection and stepped down in January 2008. On November 6, 2007, Carolyn Kirk was elected as the Mayor of Gloucester. Kirk resigned in December 2014 to take a position in the administration of Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker . Sefatia Theken was then voted to be the interim mayor of Gloucester by the City Council. Theken

6636-666: Was released in cinemas worldwide in fall 2014. He has won numerous awards for his work, including two Obies, the Drama Desk Award , The European Academy Award – Best Screenplay (for Sunshine ), and The Sony Radio Academy Award (for Man In Snow on BBC-Radio 4). He also won an Award in Literature from The American Academy of Arts and Letters; The Governor of Massachusetts' Leadership Award; The Prix de Plaisir du Theatre; The Prix Italia (for radio plays); The Writers Guild of Canada Best Screenwriter Award; The Christopher Award;

6720-483: Was set and partially filmed on Gloucester. Spenser: For Hire , season 2, episode 1, "Widow's Walk" (October 4, 1986) was set and filmed in Gloucester. The Gloucester Stage Company stages five to eight plays each season, primarily in the summer months. Located in East Gloucester, the theatre sits at water's edge overlooking Smith's Cove. It was founded in 1979 by local arts and business leaders to encourage playwrights and their new works. Israel Horovitz , who founded

6804-470: Was that under one side of the floor was dug a cellar hole (for the keeping of food), supported by a foundation of laid-stone (without mortar). These cellar holes are still visible today along the trails throughout the inland part of Gloucester; they, and some walls, are all that remain of the village there. The town grew, and eventually colonists lived on the opposite side of the Annisquam River. In

6888-544: Was the first of six collaborations between them. The play was then staged in conjunction with the playwright's  It's Called the Sugar Plum  and directed by  James Hammerstein  as the opening production of the new  off-Broadway   Astor Place Theatre , where it opened on January 17, 1968 and ran for 177 performances. Following his debut, about which The New York Post ' s Jerry Tallmer wrote "Welcome, Mr. Horovitz," Random House published

6972-602: Was the founder of the New York Playwrights Lab, and his best-known plays include Line , Park Your Car in Harvard Yard , and The Indian Wants the Bronx . Horovitz also had a film career, with notable works including the 1982 film Author! Author! and the 2014 film My Old Lady . Throughout his career, he received numerous awards and recognitions for his work in theatre and film. However, he faced multiple sexual assault and harassment accusations from women associated with his theatre companies. Horovitz

7056-446: Was to reach its apogee in France during the 17th century, dwelled upon the unities , of action, place, and time. This meant that the playwright had to construct the play so that its "virtual" time would not exceed 24 hours, that it would be restricted to a single setting, and that there would be no subplots. Other terms, such as verisimilitude and decorum, circumscribed the subject matter significantly. For example, verisimilitude limits of

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