Defunct
91-511: The Izborsky Club is a Russian Conservative think tank which specializes in studying Russia's foreign and domestic policy . It was founded by publicist Alexander Prokhanov in September 2012 and includes several well-known nationalist and traditionalist intellectuals in Russia. The Izborsky club was created by a group of Russian intellectuals in September 2012 amidst celebration of
182-559: A Ministry of Defense factory, then, in 1962–1964, as a forester in Karelia and the Moscow Oblast . In the late 1960s he started writing essays and reports for numerous magazines ( Krugozor , Smena , Selskaya Molodyozh ), later citing Andrei Platonov and Vladimir Nabokov as major influences. Prokhanov's short story "The Wedding" (1967) garnered some critical praise and is considered his breakthrough. Two years later, he
273-686: A Eurasian think tank, in 2012. During the 2014 conflict in Ukraine , Prokhanov praised the Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed pro-Russian Donetsk People's Republic Alexander Borodai as a "true White Russian nationalist". In November 2014, a Russian court ordered Prokhanov to pay 500 thousand rubles to Andrey Makarevich whom he falsely accused (in the Izvestia -published article) of entertaining paratroopers in Sloviansk ("where he
364-614: A government, and some are associated with particular political parties, businesses, or the military. Think tanks are often funded by individual donations, with many also accepting government grants. Think tanks publish articles and studies, and sometimes draft legislation on particular matters of policy or society. This information is then used by governments, businesses, media organizations, social movements or other interest groups. Think tanks range from those associated with highly academic or scholarly activities to those that are overtly ideological and pushing for particular policies, with
455-521: A larger mosaic that concentrates all the EPA's enemies against it at one time." According to the progressive media watchdog Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting , both left-wing and right-wing policy institutes are often quoted and rarely identified as such. The result is that think tank "experts" are sometimes depicted as neutral sources without any ideological predispositions when, in fact, they represent
546-463: A member of the Union of Soviet Writers . In the mid-1980s, he was an active contributor to Molodaya Gvardiya , Nash Sovremennik , and the newspaper Literaturnaya Rossiya . In 1990, Prokhanov emerged as a candidate for the post of Literaturnaya Gazeta 's editor-in-chief , but the staff ignored him, preferring Fyodor Burlatsky, Mikhail Gorbachev 's protégé. In 1989–1991, Prokhanov worked as
637-645: A new geo-political giant, the successor to the four previous Empires: Kievan Rus' / Novgorod Republic , Moscovy , the Romanovs ' Russian Empire , and Stalin 's USSR . "There will be a place for everyone in it: the left and the right, Orthodox Christians and Muslim fundamentalists , synagogues and big business... like the Bolsheviks used the potential of the Romanov Empire, the Fifth Empire
728-1147: A number of categories and presents its findings in the Global Go-To Think Tanks rating index. However, this method of the study and assessment of policy institutes has been criticized by researchers such as Enrique Mendizabal and Goran Buldioski, Director of the Think Tank Fund, assisted by the Open Society Institute . Think tanks may attempt to broadly inform the public by holding conferences to discuss issues which they may broadcast; encouraging scholars to give public lectures, testifying before committees of governmental bodies; publishing and widely distributing books, magazines, newsletters or journals; creating mailing lists to distribute new publications; and engaging in social media. Think tanks may privately influence policy by having their members accept bureaucratic positions, having members serve on political advisory boards, inviting policy-makers to events, allowing individuals to work at
819-511: A number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental, and corporate organizations. In China a number of think tanks are sponsored by governmental agencies such as Development Research Center of the State Council , but still retain sufficient non-official status to be able to propose and debate ideas more freely. In January 2012, the first non-official think tank in mainland China, South Non-Governmental Think-Tank,
910-545: A one-hour weekly slot at the pro-liberal Echo of Moscow radio station. Another station he has contributing to since 2009 is the Russian News Service where he has two one-hour programs a week. In 2013–2014, he appeared regularly at the Russia-24 TV channel with his "Replika" ("A Comment") slot. Prokhanov debuted with a short story collection I Am Going My Way (1971), starting out as a proponent of
1001-722: A particular perspective. In the United States, think tank publications on education are subjected to expert review by the National Education Policy Center 's "Think Twice" think tank review project. A 2014 New York Times report asserted that foreign governments buy influence at many United States think tanks. According to the article: "More than a dozen prominent Washington research groups have received tens of millions of dollars from foreign governments in recent years while pushing United States government officials to adopt policies that often reflect
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#17327801432361092-590: A range of economic and governance issues confronting Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa . It has also been involved in bringing political parties together to engage in dialogue. In particular it has organised Presidential debates every election year since the Ghanaian presidential election, 1996 . Notable think tanks in Ghana include: Afghanistan has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental, and corporate organizations. Bangladesh has
1183-585: A stop to the editorial and publishing activity of the newspaper Day ; its office was raided by OMON , archive files and property was confiscated, staff members were physically assaulted. On the same day, after the Supreme Soviet 's defenders' defeat, Prokhanov went into hiding in the woods on the outskirts of Ryazan . A week later he managed to publish several issues of Den in Minsk . In November 1993, Prokhanov's son-in-law Alexander Khudorozhkov registered
1274-512: A wide range among them in terms of the quality of their research. Later generations of think tanks have tended to be more ideologically oriented. Modern think tanks began as a phenomenon in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with most of the rest being established in other English-speaking countries. Prior to 1945, they tended to focus on the economic issues associated with industrialization and urbanization. During
1365-608: Is a global think tank that works on issues such as Water Diplomacy , Peace and Conflict and Foresight (futures studies) . Think tanks with a development focus include those like the National Centre for Cold-chain Development ('NCCD'), which serve to bring an inclusive policy change by supporting the Planning Commission and related government bodies with industry-specific inputs – in this case, set up at
1456-713: Is collaboration between policy institutes in different countries. For instance, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace operates offices in Washington, D.C. , Beijing , Beirut , Brussels and formerly in Moscow , where it was closed in April 2022. The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the University of Pennsylvania , led by James McGann , annually rates policy institutes worldwide in
1547-452: Is done in public think tanks. There is a strong emphasis on the knowledge-based economy and, according to one respondent, think tank research is generally considered high quality. Japan has over 100 think tanks, most of which cover not only policy research but also economy, technology and so on. Some are government related, but most of the think tanks are sponsored by the private sector. Institute of World Economics and Politics (IWEP) at
1638-409: Is to be composed of all kinds of disparate elements," he commented. Defunct A controversial figure, Prokhanov is seen in Russia by some as an original author sporting "a rare combination of postmodernist ethics and imperialist agenda," and by others as a purveyor of extremist nationalistic views which formed the ideological platform of Zavtra , the ultra-conservative newspaper he's been
1729-674: Is to maintain analytical and research support for the President of Kazakhstan. Most Malaysian think tanks are related either to the government or a political party. Historically they focused on defense, politics and policy. However, in recent years, think tanks that focus on international trade, economics, and social sciences have also been founded. Notable think tanks in Malaysia include: Pakistan's think tanks mainly revolve around social policy, internal politics, foreign security issues, and regional geo-politics. Most of these are centered on
1820-471: The Cold War , many more American and other Western think tanks were established, which often guided government Cold War policy. Since 1991, more think tanks have been established in non-Western parts of the world. More than half of all think tanks that exist today were established after 1980. As of 2023, there are more than 11,000 think tanks around the world. According to historian Jacob Soll , while
1911-664: The Pskov village of Izborsk near the border with Estonia , where its first meeting took place on the eve of its 1,150th anniversary celebration. The club's meetings, according to official information on its website, were held in Yekaterinburg, Ulyanovsk, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Bryansk, Belgorod, Tula, Kaluga, Omsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Donetsk and other cities, as well as in Yakutia, Dagestan and in Crimea. Field meetings of
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#17327801432362002-738: The September 1993 Russian constitutional crisis , Den became a mouthpiece for the radical opposition and Prokhanov gained notoriety as a harsh critic of Yeltsin. After the Russian Parliament's demise in October that year, Den was banned by the Russian Ministry of Justice. The newspaper re-emerged as Zavtra on 5 November 1993. For the rest of the 1990s, Prokhanov felt persecuted and marginalized. "Even in Soviet times I had
2093-473: The Village Prose movement, portraying the life of the ordinary Soviet villagers obsessed with keeping the old traditions and customs going. "The theme of Russia and Russian people for Prokhanov is not a vogue, but part of his very soul; this young author's prose is incredibly sincere," Yury Trifonov commented in a foreword. It was followed by The Unburnt Blossom (1972), the collection of sketches from
2184-507: The 1,150th anniversary of the city of Izborsk with support from Pskov regional governor Andrey Turchak . The writer Alexander Prokhanov was elected chairman of the club, and Vitaly Averyanov [ ru ] and Alexander Alekseevich Nagorny [ ru ] were elected executive secretaries. According to German political scientist Umland Andreas, the club includes an ultra-conservative flank of supporters of Russian President Vladimir Putin . The organization took its name from
2275-485: The 1950s, the phrase "think tank" did not refer to organizations. From its first appearances in the 1890s up to the 1950s, the phrase was most commonly used in American English to colloquially refer to the braincase or especially in a pejorative context to the human brain itself when commenting on an individual's failings (in the sense that something was wrong with that person's "think tank"). Around 1958,
2366-421: The 1980s as a result of globalization, the end of the Cold War , and the emergence of transnational problems. Two-thirds of all the think tanks that exist today were established after 1970 and more than half were established since 1980. The effect of globalisation on the proliferation of think tanks is most evident in regions such as Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and parts of Southeast Asia, where there
2457-795: The 1980s, Prokhanov moved into the field of war and politics, using his vast foreign correspondent experience. The Tree in the Center of Kabul (1982), the Campuchea chronicles Hunter of the Isles (1983), the Africanist (1984) and the Nicaraguan epic And Then Comes the Wind (1984) formed "The Burning Gardens" tetralogy, all four novels characterized by dynamic action, over-the-top style of language and idealized, heroic protagonists. The Afghan War
2548-425: The 1990s, Prokhanov made several journeys to Chechnya and a series of Chechen War -themed books followed, writer Yuri Bondarev calling The Chechen Blues (1998) the best book Prokhanov has ever written. "Filling those pages I felt like I was painting frescos , with soldiers as angels and saints, BTRs and tanks for horses and halos ," Prokhanov said in an interview. It was followed by Those Marching Through
2639-526: The 20th century, such institutes were found primarily in the United States, along with much smaller numbers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Western Europe. Although think tanks had also existed in Japan for some time, they generally lacked independence, having close associations with government ministries or corporations. There has been a veritable proliferation of "think tanks" around the world that began during
2730-636: The Foundation of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan was created in 2003. IWEP activities aimed at research problems of the world economy, international relations, geopolitics, security, integration and Eurasia, as well as the study of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its contribution to the establishment and strengthening of Kazakhstan as an independent state,
2821-737: The Great . His grand-uncle Ivan Prokhanov was a leader of the All-Russian Union of Evangelican Christians (1908–1928) and the one-time vice-President of the Baptist World Alliance who left the USSR in 1928 and died as an emigré. In 1955, Prokhanov enrolled into the Moscow Aviation Institute where for the first time he started to write poetry and prose. After the graduation he worked as an engineer at
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2912-676: The Izborsky Club, the “Reigning Icon of the Mother of God” was made, on which, together with Joseph Stalin , Soviet marshals were depicted. The presentation took place during the awarding of the Prokhorovskoye Pole literary prize in the Belgorod Region . Alexander Prokhanov compared the Soviet historical figure to Moses and Mao Zedong , calling him a victorious leader, a leader with a flag of victory . Authors of
3003-653: The Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky , governors of many regions and presidents of national republics (Yakutia, Dagestan, Chechnya). It is believed that the Izborsky Club reflects the views of the conservative members of the Russian elite. The club has an official publisher of literature: the publishing house "Knizhny Mir". The activities and ideals of the Izborsky Club were subjected to severe criticism from
3094-532: The Night (2001), the novel on the second Chechen campaign , highlighting the author's belief that Russians and Chechens were two brother nations destined to live in peace and love but torn apart by enemies from abroad. Mr. Hexogen (2001), a surrealist thriller telling the story of a joint Russian secret services and oligarchs ' plot aimed at wiping out the existing political elite via blowing up houses, has been compared to Dostoevsky 's Demons . In May 2002,
3185-595: The Philippines could be generally categorized in terms of their linkages with the national government. Several were set up by the Philippine government for the specific purpose of providing research input into the policy-making process. Sri Lanka has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental and corporate organizations. There are several think tanks in Singapore that advise
3276-542: The Russian Federation. In 2003, Prokhanov, Boris Berezovsky , and Viktor Alksnis issued a joint statement concerning the Nord Ost terrorist attack , blaming the Russian authorities for the heavy loss of life and accusing Vladimir Putin of inefficiency. Also in 2003, Berezovsky and Prokhanov issued another joint memorandum, this time blaming the authorities for the murder of Sergei Yushenkov , and warning
3367-492: The Soviet country life, and The Grass Gets Yellow (1974), a collection of stories and novellas much in the same vein. Prokhanov's first novel The Nomadic Rose (1975) dealt with the Soviet life in Siberia and Russian Far East which he had travelled over extensively by this time. The Time is Noon (1977), The Locale (1979) and The Eternal City (1981) continued exploring the technological progress versus nature theme. In
3458-659: The Story of the Year). According to critic P.V.Bekedin, everything that has been written by Prokhanov since 1991 goes under the heading "the literature of Russian resistance." The Last Soldier of the Empire (1993) told the story of the 1991 Coup and the demise of the USSR. Brown-Red (1999), a surreal portrayal of the nightmarish events of 3–4 October 1993, has been defined by Prokhanov himself as "the Catechism of resistance." In
3549-534: The USSR, and a return to the Orthodox-Christian spirituality and universality of traditional Russia. Such a synthesis will make our country and state invincible, and will make it possible to offer humanity a universal path of social development based on the experience of Russian civilization. The organization has significant financial resources and connections in the Kremlin. Its meetings were attended by
3640-538: The actions of think tanks and potentially bypass the political process, analysing the social background and values of those who work in think tanks. Pautz criticizes this viewpoint because there is in practice a variety of viewpoints in think tanks and argues it dismisses the influence that ideas can have. In some cases, corporate interests, military interests and political groups have found it useful to create policy institutes, advocacy organizations, and think tanks. For example, The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition
3731-629: The article on bbc.com, Mikhail Poplavsky and Olga Alisova, reported that the Belgorod Metropolis denied involvement in the divine service on the Prokhorovsky field and spoke out against defining the image as an icon, since the people appearing on it were not canonized as saints. At the same time, the icon does not violate the canons of the Church, insofar as these characters are not depicted as saints - without halos, and are located under
Izborsky Club - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-534: The author of more than 30 novels and short story collections. He is the editor-in-chief of Russia's extreme-right (or radical-reactionary) newspaper Zavtra (Завтра, Tomorrow ), that combines ultranationalist and anti-capitalist views. Alexander Prokhanov was born in Tbilisi , Georgia , to which his ancestors, members of the Russian Christian " Molokan " sect, had been deported by Catherine
3913-458: The behest of the government to direct cold chain development. Some think tanks have a fixed set of focus areas and they work towards finding out policy solutions to social problems in the respective areas. Initiatives such as National e-Governance Plan (to automate administrative processes) and National Knowledge Network (NKN) (for data and resource sharing amongst education and research institutions), if implemented properly, should help improve
4004-573: The campaign of General Albert Makashov , an ultra-conservative candidate. In September 1992, Prokhanov was one of the initiators of the National Salvation Front , of which— until April 1994— he was a co-chairman. In September 1994, as one of the organizers of the All-Russian Congress of Patriotic Forces, Prokhanov was among those who signed the petition demanding the President's resignation. In July 1991, he signed
4095-773: The capital, Islamabad . One such think tank is the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), which focuses on policy advocacy and research particularly in the area of environment and social development. Another policy research institute based in Islamabad is the Institute of Social and Policy Sciences (I-SAPS) which works in the fields of education, health, disaster risk reduction, governance , conflict and stabilization. Since 2007 - 2008, I-SAPS has been analyzing public expenditure of federal and provincial governments. Think tanks in
4186-575: The church spans from Charlemagne all the way to the 17th century, when the kings of France were still arguing about whether they had the right to appoint bishops and receive a cut of their income." Soll cites as an early example the Académie des frères Dupuy , created in Paris around 1620 by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Dupuy and also known after 1635 as the cabinet des frères Dupuy . The Club de l'Entresol , active in Paris between 1723 and 1731,
4277-571: The club were held in Transnistria (Moldova), Syria, Serbia, China, Iran and other countries. Since 2013, the Izborsky Club has published an eponymous magazine with 1,200-copy circulation. In 2015, the organization received a 10 million ruble presidential grant for non-profit organizations. The project's description stated that the organization would attempt to explain "what is the Russian world ". The Izborsky club's main tasks include: Among
4368-461: The club's activities is reconciling historical eras and synthesis of the best that was in them. Shortly after its founding, on January 9, 2013, the Izborsky Club issued the "Ulyanovsk Declaration" with an appeal to all patriots: As a means of averting an impending catastrophe, we call on all statesmen who value the future of Russia to act as a united patriotic, imperial front that opposes the liberal globalization ideology and its adherents, who act in
4459-592: The conflicting flanks of the Russian opposition movement, united by their hatred of the liberal reforms but divided in their attitude towards Communism. Among them were ultra-nationalists , whose publications caused outrage, several Jewish organizations condemning Den as antisemitic . It was Prokhanov who, in July 1991, wrote the text of " A Word to the People ", a political open letter subsequently signed by Gennady Zyuganov , Vasily Starodubtsev , Igor Shafarevich , Valentin Rasputin , Valentin Varennikov , and Eduard Volodin among others. The document calling for
4550-422: The construction of a discourse coalition with a common aim, citing the example of deregulation of trucking, airlines, and telecommunications in the 1970s. Plejwe argues that this deregulation represented a discourse coalition between the Ford Motor Company , FedEx , neo-liberal economists, the Brookings Institution and the American Enterprise Institute . Elite theory considers how an "elite" influence
4641-411: The development of international cooperation and the promotion of peace and stability. The Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the RK (KazISS) was established by the Decree of the President of RK on 16 June 1993. Since its foundation the main mission of the Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as a national think tank,
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#17327801432364732-440: The devil. "Prokhanovshchina" is much more dangerous than the overt communist and radical leftist ideology ... Prokhanov wants to unite executioners and victims, destroyers and creators, revolutionaries and guardians. An attempt to unite good and evil is the most dangerous basis of "Prokhanovism". Publicist Elena Chudinova criticizes the Izborsky Club, believing that its members adhere to isolationist views. In May 2015, by order of
4823-480: The donors' priorities." Ghana's first president, Kwame Nkrumah , set up various state-supported think tanks in the 1960s. By the 1990s, a variety of policy research centers sprang up in Africa set up by academics who sought to influence public policy in Ghana. One such think tank was The Institute of Economic Affairs, Ghana , which was founded in 1989 when the country was ruled by the Provisional National Defence Council . The IEA undertakes and publishes research on
4914-433: The early 2000s when Prokhanov found himself among the Russian literary elite, even if his prose was getting increasingly morbid, surreal and apocalyptic . As the 1999 terrorist attacks upon residential houses shocked Russia, Prokhanov accused the state secret services in plotting these attacks and based his next novel upon these suspicions. In 2002, Mr. Hexogen (2001) brought him the National Bestseller Award . In
5005-428: The editor-in-chief of Sovetskaya Literatura , a magazine published in nine languages in more than one hundred countries. Enjoying his reputation of a hard-line communist, he never joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . In December 1990 (while still head of Sovetskaya Literatura ), Prokhanov founded Den ( День , Day ), and became its editor-in-chief. Initially an organ of the Union of Soviet Writers, in
5096-437: The experts they fund for future government jobs, while others want to push specific areas of research or education." McGann distinguishes think tanks based on independence, source of funding and affiliation, grouping think tanks into autonomous and independent, quasi-independent, government affiliated, quasi-governmental, university affiliated, political-party affiliated or corporate. A new trend, resulting from globalization,
5187-417: The failed August 1991 coup, Prokhanov supported the junta calling itself the State Committee on the State of Emergency . In 1992, he joined the National Salvation Front 's leadership, alongside Gennady Zyuganov , Nikolai Pavlov , Mikhail Astafyev and Igor Shafarevich , among others. The same year he created the Day Movement in an attempt to turn his newspaper's readership into a political force. During
5278-549: The first organization to be regularly described in published writings as "the Think Tank" (note the title case and the use of the definite article ) was the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences . However, the Center does not count itself as and is not perceived to be a think tank in the contemporary sense. During the 1960s, the phrase "think tank" was attached more broadly to meetings of experts, electronic computers , and independent military planning organizations. The prototype and most prominent example of
5369-445: The formation of a united "patriotic front" was seen, in retrospect, as an ideological platform for the failed August coup d'etat attempt . The publication of the manifest brought about the rift between Prokhanov and General Alexander Rutskoy (whom he once helped to be rescued from captivity in Afghanistan and later backed his election campaign). The latter, speaking on Russian TV, promised his former friend "ten years in jail." During
5460-410: The government on various policies and as well as private ones for corporations within the region. Many of them are hosted within the local public educational institutions. Alexander Prokhanov Alexander Andreyevich Prokhanov ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Проха́нов ; born 26 February 1938) is a Russian writer, a member of the secretariat of the Writers Union of the Russian Federation , and
5551-434: The inefficiency of the Russian left. Speaking of this novel, poet and novelist Dmitry Bykov remarked: "Prokhanov is an immensely gifted writer, yet his prose is but a puke." Prokhanov's 2012 book, The Tread of the Russian Triumph (2012) is a fictionalized treatise on Russian history promoting the author's very own "Fifth Empire" doctrine stating that the current Eurasian Economic Union has already started to evolve into
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#17327801432365642-404: The interests of our geopolitical enemies. The most important aspect of our unity is a correct understanding of the current difficult situation. Russia needs a fusion of two powerful energies that grow out of the "red" and "white" ideologies of Russian patriotism. This merger implies introducing into the structure and system of the state of a powerful element of social justice, which is inherited from
5733-446: The leader of since 1993. Another Russian ultra-nationalist, Aleksandr Dugin , credited Prokhanov with being "the godfather of the New Russia opposition movement" even if deploring his refusal to take a more active part in it and choosing instead to back up political figures Dugin referred to as "the Staraya Square monsters". In 1991, during the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic presidential election, Prokhanov worked for
5824-430: The leading researcher of the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies Peter Multatuli [ ru ] : The ideology of the "Izbortsy" can be called by the name of their chairman Alexander Prokhanov - "Prokhanovism", as the Bolsheviks liked to give such definitions. This phenomenon is extremely dangerous precisely because of its conciliation, an attempt to connect the incompatible, white with black, God with
5915-406: The mid-2000s, writing several books a year (including numerous re-makes of his best-known 20th-century work), Prokhanov became an omnipresent character of the Russian media, frequenting TV talk shows and disputes as a token "opposition's spiritual leader". Since 2003, he has been a regular guest of Vladimir Solovyov 's prime time political shows On the Stand and Duel . From 2007–2014, Prokhanov had
6006-476: The more established think tanks, created during the Cold War , are focused on international affairs, security studies, and foreign policy. Think tanks vary by ideological perspectives, sources of funding, topical emphasis and prospective consumers. Funding may also represent who or what the institution wants to influence; in the United States, for example, "Some donors want to influence votes in Congress or shape public opinion, others want to position themselves or
6097-537: The newspaper Zavtra (Tomorrow). Prokhanov became its editor-in-chief. In the 1996 Russian presidential election , Prokhanov supported the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation , Gennady Zyuganov . In 1997, he co-founded the Agency of Patriotic Information. Twice (in 1997 and 1999), he was physically assaulted, the first of these accidents ending with him hospitalized, suffering severe concussion . In 1999, together with Konstantin Kasimovsky , Prokhanov invited former klansman David Duke to visit
6188-517: The novel brought him the National Bestseller Prize. In 2003, the post-modernist satire, The Cruiser Sonata , came out, its exclusive edition's 500 copies illustrated by the author himself in his favorite lubok style. " Avant-garde has finally got to Prokhanov," commented Kommersant critic Irina Kulik. His 2005 novel Political Scientist featured a character named Dyshlov, a thinly veiled caricature of Zyuganov whom Prokhanov has been completely disillusioned with recently and holds responsible for
6279-427: The omophorion (protection) of the Virgin. In June, Alexander Prokhanov presented the icon in the Saratov region, which again led to a negative reaction from the local Orthodox diocese. According to the club, its members include : On June 14, 2014, in Donetsk , on the territory of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic , a branch of the Izborsky Club, the Izborsky Club of Novorossiya [ ru ]
6370-423: The open letter, " A Word to the People ", sometimes considered a program for the August coup makers . During the failed August 1991 coup, Prokhanov supported the State Committee on the State of Emergency . In the summer of 1992, Prokhanov formed the so-called "Day Movement", as an attempt to turn the newspaper's readership into a political movement. On 4 October 1993, the Ministry of Justice of Russia ordered
6461-542: The people against the "great dangers coming from the Kremlin ." His newspaper, Zavtra , had supported the Communist Party of the Russian Federation since the mid-1990s, but in 2005 it switched his support to the Rodina ("Motherland") party. Commenting on the Russian war with Georgia , Prokhanov said that Russia "has not been defeated by the West in the Cold War , because the Cold War continues. We lost gigantic territories, but we held Moscow. From here we launched our counterattack ." Prokhanov founded Izborsky Club ,
6552-761: The quality of work done by think tanks. Some notable think tanks in India include: Over 50 think tanks have emerged in Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan Region. Iraq's leading think tank is the Middle East Research Institute (MERI), based in Erbil. MERI is an independent non-governmental policy research organization, established in 2014 and publishes in English, Kurdish, and Arabic. It
6643-577: The questions of the federal government." In the early 1920s, fascist and other far-right think tanks appeared in the Netherlands . After 1945, the number of policy institutes increased, with many small new ones forming to express various issues and policy agendas. Until the 1940s, most think tanks were known only by the name of the institution. During the Second World War, think tanks were often referred to as "brain boxes". Before
6734-553: The reputation of an 'ode-singer to the State', they called me 'the Army Headquarters' Nightingale'. Now in all of their [new] dictionaries I've got demonized. While my friends, like Anatoly Kim , emerged as the aesthetes , I have been presented as an obscurantist . They advised Western publishers against translating me, putting me under blockade," Prokhanov complained, speaking to Zakhar Prilepin . This situation changed in
6825-478: The summer of 1991, Den moved under the patronage of the Union of Writers of Russia. Sporting the subheading "Organ of the spiritual opposition", it became arguably the most radical Russian newspaper continually challenging Boris Yeltsin and his team of liberal reformers . Regarded by Prokhanov as the "patriotic alternative" to pro-liberal, nomenclature-led Literaturnaya Gazeta , Den managed to attract authors from
6916-536: The term "think tank" is modern, with its origin "traced to the humanist academies and scholarly networks of the 16th and 17th centuries," Soll writes that, "in Europe, the origins of think tanks go back to the 800s when emperors and kings began arguing with the Catholic Church about taxes. A tradition of hiring teams of independent lawyers to advise monarchs about their financial and political prerogatives against
7007-511: The think tank; employing former policy-makers; or preparing studies for policy makers. The role of think tanks has been conceptualized through the lens of social theory. Plehwe argues that think tanks function knowledge actors within a network of relationships with other knowledge actors. Such relationships including citing academics in publications or employing them on advisory boards, as well as relationships with media, political groups and corporate funders. They argue that these links allow for
7098-483: The third category was the RAND Corporation , which was founded in 1946 as an offshoot of Douglas Aircraft and became an independent corporation in 1948. In the 1970s, the phrase became more specifically defined in terms of RAND and others. During the 1980s and 1990s, the phrase evolved again to arrive at its broader contemporary meaning of an independent public policy research institute. For most of
7189-638: The transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997, more think tanks were established by various groups of intellectuals and professionals. They have various missions and objectives including promoting civic education; undertaking research on economic, social and political policies; and promoting "public understanding of and participation in the political, economic, and social development of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ". Think tanks in Hong Kong include: India has
7280-547: The world's second-largest number of think tanks . Most are based in New Delhi, and a few are government-sponsored. There are few think tanks that promote environmentally responsible and climate resilient ideas like Centre for Science and Environment , Centre for Policy Research and World Resources Institute . There are other prominent think tanks like Observer Research Foundation , Tillotoma Foundation and Centre for Civil Society . In Mumbai, Strategic Foresight Group
7371-547: Was a concerted effort by other countries to assist in the creation of independent public policy research organizations. A survey performed by the Foreign Policy Research Institute's Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program underscores the significance of this effort and documents the fact that most of the think tanks in these regions have been established since 1992. As of 2014 , there were more than 11,000 of these institutions worldwide. Many of
7462-542: Was another prominent example of an early independent think tank focusing on public policy and current affairs, especially economics and foreign affairs. Several major current think tanks were founded in the 19th century. The Royal United Services Institute was founded in 1831 in London , and the Fabian Society in 1884. The oldest United States –based think tank, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ,
7553-571: Was elected as the executive secretary of the club. According to Gubarev, initiative to create belonged to the head of the Izborsky club, Alexander Prokhanov . Think tank A think tank , or public policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy , political strategy , economics , military , technology , and culture . Most think tanks are non-governmental organizations , but some are semi-autonomous agencies within
7644-626: Was established in the Guangdong province. In 2009 the China Center for International Economic Exchanges was founded. In Hong Kong, early think tanks established in the late 1980s and early 1990s focused on political development, including the first direct Legislative Council members election in 1991 and the political framework of " One Country, Two Systems ", manifested in the Sino-British Joint Declaration . After
7735-578: Was formed in the mid-1990s to dispute research finding an association between second-hand smoke and cancer . Military contractors may spend a portion of their tender on funding pro-war think tanks. According to an internal memorandum from Philip Morris Companies referring to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "The credibility of the EPA is defeatable, but not on the basis of ETS [ environmental tobacco smoke ] alone,... It must be part of
7826-412: Was founded in Washington, D.C. , in 1910 by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie . Carnegie charged trustees to use the fund to "hasten the abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization." The Brookings Institution was founded shortly thereafter in 1916 by Robert S. Brookings and was conceived as a bipartisan "research center modeled on academic institutions and focused on addressing
7917-631: Was listed in the global ranking by the United States's Lauder Institute of the University of Pennsylvania as 46th in the Middle East. There are many think tank teams in Israel, including: In South Korea , think tanks are prolific and influential and are a government go-to. Think tanks are prolific in the Korean landscape. Many policy research organisations in Korea focus on economoy and most research
8008-521: Was opened and its first meeting was held, attended by Miroslav Rudenko [ ru ] , Andrey Purgin , Pavel Gubarev , Dmitry Muza, Sergey Baryshnikov, Father Iona (Kovalev) and Kirill Cherkashin. The public figure of the Donetsk People's Republic, Pavel Gubarev, said that "The club will include well-known experts, doctors of science, candidates of science who will help solve the state problems of Novorossia". Donetsk historian Artyom Olkhin
8099-431: Was published. His literary mentor Yury Trifonov provided a foreword for it. Prokhanov later remembered: "He liked the expressiveness, experiments with language, the flow of metaphors, my naive youthful pantheism . ... But my first social-oriented novellas made him skeptical, his tone became tougher and he entrusted me with another patron, Vladimir Makanin , who was my good friend at the time." In 1972, Prokhanov became
8190-542: Was the subject of his next two novels, Drawings of a Batalist (1986) and 600 Years After the Battle (1988). Among Prokhanov's well-known work of the time were novellas "Polina" (1976), "The Unseen Corn" (1976), "By The Moon-Ray", "Snow and Coal" (both 1977), "Grey-Haired Soldier" (1985), and "The Armourer (1986), as well as short novels The Admiral (1983) and Lighter Than Asure (1986). Prokhanov's 1989 novella "The Muslim Wedding" brought him The Anton Chekhov Prize (for
8281-544: Was working for the Soviet newspapers, Pravda and Literaturnaya Gazeta . As a foreign correspondent, Prokhanov visited Afghanistan , Nicaragua , Cambodia , Angola , and Ethiopia , these assignments providing him with material for future literary work. Prokhanov was the first to report on the March 1969 events on Damansky Island during the Sino-Soviet border conflict . In 1971, his first book I Am Going My Way
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