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51-825: The Suffolk County Courthouse , now formally the John Adams Courthouse , is a historic courthouse building in Pemberton Square in Boston , Massachusetts . It is home to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (the state's highest court) and the Massachusetts Appeals Court . Built in 1893, it was the major work of Boston's first city architect, George Clough , and is one of the city's few surviving late 19th-century monumental civic buildings. It

102-412: A " mooninite " used in a guerrilla marketing campaign for Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film For Theaters , a film based on the animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force on Cartoon Network 's late-night programming block Adult Swim . The BPD's handling of this incident has been criticized by some Boston residents and justified by others: One resident said that the police response

153-486: A commissioner can only be removed from the position for cause until their term expires. A commissioner may be appointed to a five-year term, or to serve the remainder of a predecessor's five-year term. Names in italics indicate a person served as acting (interim) commissioner only. Since 1985, several acting commissioners have been sworn as permanent. Numbering is per cited contemporary news reports and may include inconsistencies. The Boston Police Special Operations Unit

204-403: A local civil engineer and surveyor and one of 47 entrants, won the $ 500 prize." "In 1836, Jackson commissioned George Minot Dexter (1802–1872) to design the houses for Pemberton Square and all the accompanying ironwork (stair railings, fences for the small front yards, and the fence with lampposts for the central garden). ... The buildings would be consistent in style and ornamentation." In 1838

255-498: A member of the Boston Police Department's Vice Squad. On May 29, 1930, Oliver Garrett was charged with 152 counts of conspiracy, extortion, and receiving gratuities for crimes allegedly committed as leader of BPD's liquor raiding unit during Prohibition . Commissioner Herbert A. Wilson , who had conducted a secret investigation into Garrett two years earlier and had overrode his subordinates to grant Garrett

306-672: A memorial was held in honor of Hodsdon on the corner of Havre and Maverick Streets in East Boston. On July 14, 1863, Boston Mayor Frederic W. Lincoln Jr. (1858–1861 & 1863–1867) ordered all 330 officers in the Department to quell a draft riot among Irish Catholics attempting to raid Union armories in the North End . In 1871, the Boston Police Relief Association was founded. The purpose of

357-446: A month was set for members of the night watch. In 1796, the watch was reorganized, and the watchmen carried a badge of office, a rattle, and a six-foot pole, which was painted blue and white with a hook on one end and a bill on the other. The hook was used to grab fleeing criminals, and the rounded "bill" was used as a weapon. The rattle was a noise-making device used for calling for assistance. The Day Police, which had no connection to

408-702: A questionable disability pension, was removed from office by the Governor Frank G. Allen and the Massachusetts Governor's Council . On May 7, 1931, Garrett pleaded to guilty and was sentenced to two years in the Deer Island House of Correction and fined $ 100. In 1965, the largest police union representing Boston police employees, the Boston Police Patrolmen's Association , was formed. In 1974 and 1975,

459-701: A reason. After criticism in the press, Seaver reinstated McGinniskin, who remained in the police until the 1854 anti-Irish groundswell of the Know Nothing /American Party movement, when in the words of the Boston Pilot , "Mr. McGinniskin was discharged from the Boston Police for no other reason than he was a Catholic and born in Ireland." McGinniskin became a United States inspector at the customhouse and died of rheumatism on March 2, 1868. McGinniskin

510-492: A very long office building. The form of Center Plaza mirrores the entire crescent-shaped span of the original houses on the east side of the square, but the square itself no longer exists." Notable residents of Pemberton Square in the 19th century included: 42°21′31.19″N 71°03′41.44″W  /  42.3586639°N 71.0615111°W  / 42.3586639; -71.0615111 Boston Police Department The Boston Police Department ( BPD ), dating back to 1838, holds

561-520: Is a specialized unit within the Boston Police Department responsible for combined duties involving Highway Patrol and traffic enforcement, crowd control, and special weapons and tactics ( SWAT ) services within the city. One unique feature of the unit is that the Special Operations Unit primarily relies on the use of Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors and Harley-Davidsons in their daily patrols. The use of motorcycles allows

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612-585: Is buried in the St. Augustine Cemetery in South Boston. On October 18, 1857, at about 5:15 a.m., Boston Police Officer Ezekiel W. Hodsdon was patrolling the corner of Havre and Maverick Street in East Boston . Hodsdon attempted to arrest two suspects for a burglary. A struggle ensued, and one of the suspects was able to get behind Hodsdon and shoot him in the head. Hodsdon died about 10:00 A.M., becoming

663-578: The 1920 presidential election. In 1921, Irene McAuliffe, daughter of the late Weston police chief and horse breeder Patrick McAuliffe, was among the first six female members of the Boston Police Department. An accomplished horsewoman, she was sworn in as a mounted officer of the Weston Police Department in 1913 during the town's bicentennial celebration. She joined the District of Columbia Police Department in 1920, and in 1921 she became

714-566: The BPD requires all employed officers hired since 1995 to live within Boston city-limits. The BPD is divided into three zones and 11 neighborhood districts spread across the city, with each zone supervised by a Deputy Superintendent and every district headed by a Captain. The Boston Police rank structure is as follows: Dennis White was appointed as commissioner on February 1, 2021; he was placed on leave on February 3, 2021. Gregory P. Long has been

765-545: The BPD was involved in maintaining order during the public disturbance over court-ordered busing , which was intended to racially desegregate Boston's public school system. The protest of white citizens escalated into street battles in 1974, and in 1975 uniformed BPD officers were stationed inside South Boston High School , Charlestown High School and other Boston public schools . Between 1982 and 1984, an arson ring that included BPD officers and allies set fire to 264 buildings. The ring opposed Proposition 2½ , which reduced

816-538: The Boston Police Department dedicated a gravestone in honor of Sgt. Homer's service. On September 9, 1919, when Police Commissioner Edwin Upton Curtis refused to allow the creation of a police union, 1,117 BPD officers went on strike. This signaled a dramatic shift in traditional labor relations and views on the part of the police, who were unhappy with stagnant wages and poor working conditions. The city soon fell into riots and public chaos as over three-fourths of

867-665: The Boston Relief Association is intended to provide support and relief for officers of the Boston Police Department and their families. It was incorporated under the statutes of Massachusetts in 1876. The Boston Police Department appointed Horatio J. Homer , its first African American officer, on December 24, 1878. He was promoted to sergeant in 1895. Sgt. Homer retired on Jan 29, 1919, after 40 years of service. He and his wife, Lydia Spriggs Homer, are buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Brighton , MA. On June 26, 2010,

918-606: The Social Law Library returned to the restored building, which was renamed the John Adams Courthouse. Pemberton Square In the mid-1830s land on Cotton Hill (also called Pemberton Hill) between Tremont Street and Somerset Street was developed as Phillips Place , "laid out on the estates late of the heirs of Messrs. [Jonathan] Phillips, [Gardiner] Greene , and [James] Lloyd." "After Greene's death in 1832, Patrick Tracy Jackson ... purchased

969-620: The city named the site "Pemberton Square." Somewhat confusedly, the area later known as Scollay Square was first called "Pemberton Square" in February 1838; the city changed the name to "Scollay Square" in June 1838, to accommodate the newly developed area across the street on Pemberton Hill. The two squares sat very near one another, with Pemberton set back from Scollay, and accessed by a short connecting street. "The dwellings built in it were fine, indeed elegant for their time, and for many years it

1020-560: The city's Property Management Department. There was no merger with the Boston Municipal Police. The transfer of Munis was planned in mid-2006 by Mayor Thomas M. Menino . This plan was met with heavy protest from the Boston Police Patrolmen's Association (BPPA). The BPPA's argument was that the Municipal officers were not qualified to be Boston police officers due to lack of training, political patronage, nepotism, and

1071-480: The department was no longer enforcing public peace. Governor Calvin Coolidge intervened to quash further chaos. Coolidge announced that the police did not have the right to strike against the public safety and brought in the state national guard to restore order to Boston. The strike was broken, permanently, when Coolidge hired replacement police officers, many of whom were returning servicemen from World War I , and

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1122-405: The department’s evidence warehouse. In April 2021, The Boston Globe reported that a 1995 internal investigation by the BPD concluded that Patrick M. Rose Sr., a BPD patrolman, had likely sexual assaulted a 12-year-old child. The BPD did not act on that finding. Instead, Rose kept his badge, served for another 21 years, and was elected president of the Boston Police Patrolmen's Association . He

1173-484: The end of January 2021, mayor Marty Walsh quickly named superintendent Dennis White to succeed Gross. White was sworn in on February 1, 2021. Two days later, White was placed on leave due to "the handling of a 1999 allegation of domestic violence" against White coming to light. The city of Boston subsequently hired an independent attorney to conduct an investigation; meanwhile, Walsh resigned as mayor upon his confirmation as United States Secretary of Labor . Results of

1224-493: The ends of the main facade, rising to the top of the mezzanine level on the sides, and the full roof height on the front. The courthouse was built in 1893 to a design by Boston city architect George Clough . Stylistically the building was described at the time as "German Renaissance"; it is now viewed as transitional between the monumental Second Empire style of Boston's Old City Hall and the Classical Revival. Of

1275-487: The eye of the city man to rest upon." During the city's Water Celebration in 1848, "the cavalcade [passed] up Park, down Beacon and Somerset Street, to Pemberton Square." "In 1885 the square was selected as the site for a new court house, the building of which had been agitated for years." "Houses on the west side ... were razed in 1885 to make way for the Suffolk County Courthouse. ... The garden

1326-471: The fact that the Munis were not civil service tested. On January 31, 2007, 911 callers mistakenly identified small electronic promotions found throughout Boston and the surrounding cities of Cambridge and Somerville as possible explosives. Upon investigation by Boston Police and other agencies, the suspicious devices turned out to be battery-powered LED placards with an image of a cartoon character called

1377-529: The first Boston police officer killed in the line of duty. He was 25 years old. The murderers fled. Thousands of people visited the station house to view the body. Hodsdon left behind his wife Lydia and infant son Ezekiel, who was born just 13 days prior to his death. He was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Everett, according to Boston Globe newspaper reports on October 19, 1857. On October 18, 2007,

1428-408: The first Irish-born Boston Police officer, Bernard "Barney" McGinniskin , was appointed. His presence generated considerable controversy. The Boston Pilot wrote, "He is the first Irishman that ever carried the stick of a policeman anywhere in this country, and meetings, even Faneuil Hall meetings, have been held to protect against the appointment." At the time, the police salary of $ 2.00 a day for

1479-616: The following vehicles. Boston police officers may carry "only weapons, magazines and ammunition authorized and issued by the Department", which "include, but are not limited to": The Boston Police Department has been portrayed in several prominent motion pictures including The Equalizer , Patriots Day , Gone Baby Gone , Mystic River , The Departed , Edge of Darkness , Blown Away , The Brink's Job , That's My Boy , R.I.P.D. , The Heat , X2 , What's The Worst That Could Happen? , The Boondock Saints , Spenser Confidential , Surrogates , and The Town . BPD

1530-511: The former officers were refused re-entry into the department. Ironically, the new officers hired in the wake of the strike received higher salaries, more vacation days and city-provided uniforms, the very demands the original strikers were requesting. The BPD strike set a precedent for further movements to stymie police unionization around the country. Coolidge's intervention in the strike brought him national fame, which, in turn, led to his nomination as Harding's running mate for vice-president in

1581-550: The funds that Massachusetts municipalities could raise through property taxes and led to cuts in fire departments and police agencies. Through committing arson, the ring hoped to cause social disorder to make the case for the necessity of firefighters and police. In 1989, Charles Stuart killed his wife and accused an unknown black man for the murder. BPD proceeded to conduct a manhunt targeting young black men, indiscriminately using stop and frisk tactics, especially in neighborhoods of Mission Hill and Roxbury . Some residents compared

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1632-447: The ground, above which are larger rectangular windows divided in the upper third by a stone stringcourse. Above this basement level is an arcaded mezzanine of large round-arch openings in which paired sash windows are topped by a half-round transom. A dentillated cornice separates this level from a narrower band of three-part windows, above which is a two-level mansard roof pierced by a variety of dormers. There are projecting pavilions at

1683-446: The investigation were released in mid-May, followed by several legal actions by White's attorney seeking to block the city from terminating White. Ultimately, acting mayor Kim Janey fired White on June 7, 2021. The Boston Police Department has approximately 2,015 officers and 808 civilian personnel, with patrol services covering an area of 89.6 mi (232.1 km ) and a population of 617,594. Like all City of Boston departments,

1734-636: The many buildings Clough designed for the city, this is his largest and most elaborate design. Clough also designed the 1909 enlargement of the structure, which added the French Chateau-style roof. From 1893 to 1938, the Supreme Judicial Court and the Social Law Library occupied the building, known then as the Suffolk County Courthouse. In 2002, the Supreme Judicial Court, the Massachusetts Appeals Court , and

1785-544: The morning and afternoon beat and $ 1.20 for the night watch was nearly twice as high as the wages of laborers. City Marshal Francis Tukey resisted mayor John Prescott Bigelow 's appointment of McGinniskin, expressing the predominant anti-Irish sentiments in the city by arguing it was done at "the expense of an American." On January 5, 1852, shortly before the newly elected mayor Benjamin Seaver (who had been supported by Tukey) took office, Tukey fired McGinniskin without giving

1836-476: The night watch, was organized in 1838. The Day Police operated under the city marshal and had six appointed officers. This organization would eventually lead to the establishment of the modern-day Boston Police Department. In 1838, a bill passed in the General Court that allowed the city to appoint police officers, paving the way for the creation of a formal police department. The Boston Police Department

1887-617: The police board) consisted of members nominated by the Governor of Massachusetts and approved by the Massachusetts Governor's Council . The commission was established in 1878 and abolished in 1906. Boston's police commissioner was appointed by the Governor until 1962. Edmund L. McNamara was the first commissioner to be appointed by the mayor of Boston , taking office in April 1962 via appointment by mayor John F. Collins . Once appointed,

1938-468: The primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the city of Boston , Massachusetts . It is the oldest municipal police department in the United States . The BPD is also the 20th largest law enforcement agency in the country. Before the existence of a formal police department, the first night watch was established in Boston in 1635. In 1703, pay in the sum of 35 shillings

1989-649: The property. Jackson ... cut down the top of Pemberton Hill in order to create a desirable residential area halfway down the slope, at the point where the mansion had stood. This massive grading operation took only 5 months and was completed in October of 1835." The fill was used to reclaim the North Cove, which became the Bullfinch Triangle neighborhood of streets. "Jackson sponsored a design competition for developing his property. ... Alexander Wadsworth,

2040-650: The public." Beginning in September–October 2011, protesters assembled in Dewey Square as a show of solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street protest in New York. In the early hours of October 11, 2011, Boston Police and Transit Police moved into the protesters' secondary camp, arresting approximately 100 protesters. Protesters reported numerous incidents of police brutality . Mayor Menino denied

2091-455: The receipt of the fingerprints, the FBI determined that the suspect had a number of prior arrests, including one for assault with intent to kill. On December 31, 2006, 31 Boston Municipal Police Officers were allowed to transfer to the Boston Police. On January 1, 2007, the rest of the Munis were either laid off or transferred to the city's Municipal Protective Services, which provides security to

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2142-709: The reports and claimed that the protesters endangered public safety. The BPD responded to the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013. During the 2020 George Floyd riots , the department came under scrutiny by elected officials for its usage of tear gas against civilians. Demonstrations against police brutality began in the city in May 2020 and continued through June. In early September 2020, United States Attorney Andrew Lelling indicted nine former and current Boston police officers for allegedly collecting more than $ 200,000 in fraudulent overtime payments while working in

2193-462: The response to living in a war zone and the response is said to have contributed to distrust between black communities and BPD for decades following. On August 23, 1995, the BPD became the first police agency to send fingerprint images to the FBI electronically using the newly created EFIPS (now IAFIS ) system. The first set of fingerprints were for a suspect arrested for armed robbery. Within hours of

2244-577: The superintendent-in-chief since August 2018; he was named acting commissioner upon White being placed on leave. Kathleen O'Toole was the first woman to serve as commissioner, from February 2004 through May 2006 when she left to take a new position as Chief Inspector of the Inspectorate of the Irish national police force, the Garda Síochána . A three-person police commission (also called

2295-531: The unit to perform routine traffic enforcement; accompany parades, crowds, and visiting dignitaries; and to quickly travel to situations wherein the unit's SWAT skills are requested. Specialized trucks and support vehicles are also used to transport equipment and officers when needed. The Canine unit with twenty seven patrol/narcotics, and EOD dogs, and Bomb (EOD) squad are also under the Special Operations Division. The Boston Police uses

2346-536: Was "silly and insane," and that "We’re the laughing stock." Another resident said that the device "looked like a bomb. I picked it up, pulled the tape off it, and there were batteries, two on the top and three on the bottom." The same devices had been distributed in nine other cities across the USA without provoking a similar reaction. The United States Department of Homeland Security praised Boston authorities "for sharing their knowledge quickly with Washington officials and

2397-682: Was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The John Adams Courthouse is located on the west side of Pemberton Square, now little more than an open plaza bounded by the courthouse on the west, and the backside of the curved Center Plaza building, which faces Tremont Street opposite the Boston City Hall plaza. The courthouse is a six-story granite structure, fifteen bays wide, with an eclectic stylistic composition. Its first 1-1/2 floor function by appearance as an elevated basement, with small arched windows close to

2448-434: Was also eliminated at that time" By 1895, "some of the old swell-front houses remain, used as public and law offices." Since the 1960s, Pemberton Square has become part of the complex of overscale buildings known as Government Center. "A few of the square's original dwellings on the east side survived until the autumn of 1969, when they, along with 2 more recent office buildings, were demolished and replaced by Center Plaza,

2499-519: Was formally founded in May 1854, at which point both the night watch and Day Police were disbanded. A 14-inch club replaced the old hook and bill, which had been in use for 154 years. At the time of its founding, the Boston Police constituted one of the first paid, professional police services in the United States. The department was closely organized and modeled after Sir Robert Peel 's (London) Metropolitan Police Service . On November 3, 1851,

2550-419: Was the residence of some of the most substantial citizens. ... Architects, lawyers, and other professional men were among the first to establish their offices in it; then other business worked in, and a number of city and state offices, notably the headquarters of the board of police commissioners ." "In the middle of the square [was] an enclosed green, with a few trees, which ... was a pleasant bit of nature for

2601-504: Was ultimately arrested and on November 20, 2020, Rose was indicted in Suffolk Superior Court on thirty three counts related to sexual assault of children, including sixteen counts of child rape. During his time in the BPD, the department did nothing to limit his interactions with children, including allowing Rose to work on child sexual assault cases. Following the abrupt resignation of commissioner William G. Gross at

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