John Lauder (c.1488 – after February 1560) was Scotland 's Public Accuser of Heretics . He was twice sent to Rome by King James V , to confirm the loyalty of the Scottish crown. As Principal Private Secretary to Cardinal David Beaton , Archbishop of St. Andrews, he successfully prosecuted many heretics, who were burnt at the stake, John Knox testifying to his extreme cruelty. Beaton was eventually murdered by the mob, but Lauder escaped and was later Private Secretary to Archbishop Hamilton (hanged April 1571).
55-644: In the Great Seal of Scotland , (number 1136 dated at Edinburgh on 15 February 1532) – "the King grants Letters of legitimation for John Lauder, bastard son of Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass ", knight (who died before February 1508). These Letters were subsequently confirmed by Pope Clement VII . Lauder was a licentiate 'in Pedagogio' (the science of learning) at the University of St Andrews in 1508, and in
110-558: A Decree Arbitral, dated at St. Andrews on 16 October 1518, he thus designates himself: "Ego sacris Apostolica et Imperiali auctoritatibus notarius, ac in officio Scriptori archivii Romane Curie matriculatus ac descriptus." He is recorded two years later as a Master of Arts. By July 1520 he was clerk in the office of the archives of the Roman Curia , and a notary. He was subsequently ordained and became at different stages of his career Archdeacon of Tweeddale , and of Teviotdale . He
165-482: A council held by Cardinal Beaton and William Chisholm , Bishop of Dunblane . Bishop Crichton of Dunkeld was also present. Lauder again prosecuted. During Forret's own defence "his Bible was plucked from his hand by Lauder, who denounced as heretical the conclusions he had drawn from it, and Forret and his four companions were condemned to the stake". The sentence was carried out on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh on
220-546: A new section of road in 1977. The town is now approximately one hour from Glasgow and Edinburgh , and two hours from Inverness , by car. There are regular bus and coach services to Birnam and Dunkeld along the A9, with long-distance coaches operated by Scottish Citylink . There is access by rail at Dunkeld & Birnam railway station on the Highland Main Line route between Perth and Inverness . Most services on
275-486: A replica is kept in the cathedral museum. The dedication of the later medieval cathedral was to St Columba . This early church was for a time the chief ecclesiastical site of eastern Scotland (a status yielded in the 10th century to St Andrews ). An entry in the Annals of Ulster for 865 refers to the death of Tuathal, son of Artgus, primepscop (Old Irish 'chief bishop') of Fortriu and Abbot of Dunkeld . The monastery
330-517: A site already of secular importance, and a Pictish monastery is known to have existed on the site. Kenneth I of Scotland ( Cináed mac Ailpín ) (843–58) is reputed to have brought relics of St Columba from Iona in 849, in order to preserve them from Viking raids, building a new church to replace the existing structures, which may have been constructed as a simple group of wattle huts. The relics were divided in Kenneth's time between Dunkeld and
385-403: A surplice, and a reid hood." Foxe also gave an account of this trial. A Papal confirmation was made by John Lauder, archdeacon of Teviotdale , and John Coldane, Provost of Methven , and John Guillermi, Provost of Seton , of a Feu Charter by Andrew, abbot of Melrose , to Arthur Sinclare of the lands of Lessuden except the lands of Newtoun, Earlston , Maxpeffill, Cammestoun and Plewland, with
440-1224: A wax figure that is attached by cord or ribbon to documents that the monarch wishes to make official. The earliest seal impression, in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral , is believed to be the Great Seal of Duncan II and dates to 1094. The first minister of Scotland is the current keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and it is considered as one of the highest honours of the office of the first minister. Charles III William , Duke of Rothesay Swinney government The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP Kate Forbes MSP Sixth session Alison Johnstone MSP Angela Constance MSP Dorothy Bain KC The Rt Hon Lord Carloway KC PC United Kingdom Parliament elections European Parliament elections Local elections Referendums Starmer ministry The Rt Hon Keir Starmer MP The Rt Hon Ian Murray MP In
495-488: Is a seal used by the first minister of Scotland to seal letters patent signed by the monarch giving royal assent to bills passed by the Scottish Parliament . The Great Seal of Scotland is the principal national symbol of Scotland that allows the monarch to authorise official documents without having to sign each document individually. Wax is melted in a metal mould or matrix and impressed into
550-553: Is designated as a national scenic area (NSA), one of 40 such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection by restricting certain forms of development. The River Tay (Dunkeld) NSA covers 5,708 hectares (14,100 acres). Parts of the area also form part of the Tay Forest Park , a network of forests managed by Forestry and Land Scotland that are spread across
605-523: Is heavily wooded, and has some notable trees, including the Birnam Oak , believed to be the only remaining tree from the Birnam Wood named by Shakespeare in his play Macbeth : MACBETH: I will not be afraid of death and bane, till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane. Other significant trees in the area include Niel Gow's Oak , the tree under which Niel Gow , a fiddler under contract to three of
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#1732782822419660-561: Is presumably the hill fort on King's Seat, slightly north of the town ( NO 009 430 ). Both these place-names imply an early importance for the area of the later town and bishop's seat, stretching back into the Iron Age . Dunkeld ( Duncalden and variants in early documents) is said to have been 'founded' or 'built' by Caustantín son of Fergus , king of the Picts (d. 820). This founding likely referred to one of an ecclesiastical nature on
715-627: Is styled Archdeacon of Teviotdale. Cardinal Beaton was himself finally murdered by a mob of reformists not long after Wishart's execution, and subsequently Lauder is noted in February 1551 and in March 1560 as a Notary Public of St. Andrews "by Apostolic authority" and "Secretarius" to Archbishop Hamilton , Beaton's successor, who was also later hanged on 6 April 1571. Lauder's fate is unknown. Great Seal of Scotland The Great Seal of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : Seala Mòr na h-Alba )
770-635: Is the notary public . (Seal of Robert Lauder appended in fair condition.) "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale, Cardinal's Secretary", is a witness to a charter by David Betoun, Cardinal Archbishop of St. Andrews, dated there 15 March 1545/6. This charter gives a lot of detail on the family of the Cardinal. Master John Lauder was one of the auditors of the Chamberlain's Accounts for the Archbishopric of St. Andrews from 1540 to 1549, wherein he
825-501: The Dukes of Atholl , composed many of Scotland's famous strathspeys and reels. It stands near Gow's home at Inver. The Parent Larch near Dunkeld cathedral is the sole survivor from a group of larches collected from the mountains of the Tyrol mountains in 1738, and which were the seed source for large-scale larch plantings in the local area. Much of the countryside surrounding the town
880-717: The Highland parts of Perthshire . About 2 miles (3 kilometres) northeast of the town is the Loch of the Lowes nature reserve, managed by the Scottish Wildlife Trust . There are many walks in the area. The 1,324 feet (404 m) summit of Birnam Hill (on Murthly Estate) lies 1 mile (2 km) south of the railway station and is easily ascended from there, or from a car park to the east. Newtyle (996 feet (304 m)) and Craigiebarns (900 feet (270 m)) are in
935-612: The Kingdom of Scotland , an independent sovereign country , the chancellor of Scotland had the custody of the King's Seal. The register of the Great Seal of Scotland is Scotland's oldest national record having served as a means by which the Monarch signs official documents in Scotland and documents relating to Scots law for over 700 years. Following the Union of the Crowns , the seal
990-612: The National Trust for Scotland (NTS). The present street layout of the older part of town consists of a 'Y-shaped' arrangement, parallel with the River Tay, comprising a single street (Brae Street/High Street) sloping down from the east into the long 'V' of the market place, known as The Cross. Closes (lanes) leading off this main street give access to the backlands of the houses (a traditional arrangement in Scottish towns). On
1045-718: The River Tay makes it a hub for salmon and trout angling. A few miles downstream at Caputh , Georgina Ballantine landed the largest salmon ever recorded in Britain. Dunkeld & Birnam Golf Club is located to the north of Dunkeld and overlooks Loch of the Lowes. Across the Telford Bridge, the Birnam Highland games take place annually in Little Dunkeld. The A9 through Dunkeld was bypassed by
1100-640: The Scottish Parliament where as of 2024 has been represented since 2011 by John Swinney for the SNP . It is in the Angus and Perthshire Glens constituency for the UK Parliament , where as of 2024 it is represented by Dave Doogan for the SNP. The rebuilt town of Dunkeld is one of the most complete 18th-century country towns in Scotland. Many of the harled (rough-cast) vernacular buildings have been restored by
1155-439: The abbot of the monastery of Holyrood against James, Archbishop of St. Andrews . Although the cause had been committed to Laurence, Cardinal Campegio, he, nevertheless, resolved to despatch a special nuncio to Scotland to settle it, the archbishop until his arrival being detained in custody without prejudice to his spiritual jurisdiction, dated at Marseilles , 31 October 1533. King James V had sent Lauder to Rome again
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#17327828224191210-484: The prebend of the Archdeacon of Teviotdale, which post was held by Lauder from 1534 to 1551. His successor was John Hepburn , later Bishop of Brechin , who held the post from 1544 to 1564. On 5 January 1542 we find him as "the Cardinal's Secretary" representing Cardinal David Beaton at the reconsecration of the restored and ancient St Baldred 's chapel on The Bass , his father's stronghold. An instrument upon
1265-408: The 13th and 14th centuries. The aisled nave was erected from the early 15th century. The western tower, south porch and chapter house (which houses the cathedral museum) were added between 1450 and 1475. The cathedral was stripped of its rich furnishings after the mid-16th century Reformation and its iconoclasm. The nave and porch have been roofless since the early 17th century. They and the tower in
1320-516: The 17th-early 19th centuries. Most of the original town was destroyed during the Battle of Dunkeld when, on 21 August 1689, the 26th Foot (Cameronian Regiment), under Lieutenant William Cleland (who died in the clash), successfully fought the Jacobites shortly after the latter's victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie . Holes made by musket-ball strikes during the battle can still be seen in
1375-564: The 21st century are in the care of Historic Environment Scotland . Below the ceiling vault of the tower ground floor are remnants of pre-Reformation murals showing biblical scenes ( c . 1490), one of very few such survivals in Scotland. The clearest to survive is a representation of the Judgement of Solomon . This reflects the medieval use of this space as the Bishop's Court. Within the tower are preserved fragments of stonework associated with
1430-504: The 6th Duke of Atholl and Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria . The building is used for exhibition and other purposes, notably the popular annual Dunkeld Art Exhibition in summer. The left arm of the 'Y' leads along Cathedral Street to the medieval cathedral , and the right arm (now largely blocked off) originally led to Dunkeld House, built by Sir William Bruce in 1676-84 for the 1st Marquis of Atholl . Demolished in 1827, this
1485-474: The Columban monastery at Kells , Co. Meath , Ireland, to preserve them from Viking raids. The 'Apostles' Stone', an elaborate but badly worn cross-slab preserved in the cathedral museum, may date to this time. A well-preserved bronze 'Celtic' hand bell, formerly kept in the church of the parish of Little Dunkeld on the south bank of the River Tay opposite Dunkeld, may also survive from the early monastery:
1540-569: The Great Seal of Scotland from 1306 to 1668 are published in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland ( Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum ). Dunkeld Dunkeld ( / d ʌ ŋ ˈ k ɛ l / , Scots : Dunkell , from Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Chailleann , "fort of the Caledonians " ) is a town in Perth and Kinross , Scotland. The location of a historic cathedral, it lies on
1595-674: The Great Seal of Scotland, and which only concern Offices, Grants, Commissions, and private Rights within that Kingdom". Hence, the Scotland Act 1998 refers to the current seal as "the seal appointed by the Treaty of Union to be kept and made use of in place of the Great Seal of Scotland". Nevertheless, the seal is still commonly referred to as the Great Seal of Scotland. Section 12 of the Treason Act 1708 ( 7 Ann. c. 21), still in force today, makes it treason in Scotland to counterfeit
1650-568: The River Tay by Thomas Telford at the east end of the town, and the laying out of a new street (Bridge Street–Atholl Street) at right angles to the old alignment. Dunkeld is in the Perth and Kinross council area , and in the Community Council area of Dunkeld and Birnam, which also includes Amulree , Butterstone, Dalguise , Kindallachan, Loch Ordie , and Strathbraan. It is in the Perthshire North constituency for
1705-576: The Seal is in the custody of the keeper of the Registers of Scotland, who has been appointed as deputy keeper. The obverse side features the current reigning monarch, while the reverse depicts the Royal Arms as used in Scotland . The obverse is inscribed "ELIZABETH II D G BRITT REGNORVMQVE SVORVM CETER REGINA CONSORTIONIS POPULORUM PRINCEPS F D" and the figure on it is the same as on the Great Seal of
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1760-513: The Treasurer's Accounts we find that he was frequently employed in ecclesiastical negotiations and in 1533 was sent to Rome "in the Kingis erandis". Letters of Pope Clement VII addressed to King James V acknowledge that John Lauder had delivered to him in the city of Marseilles the King's letter (dated at Stirling 10 June 1533) together with the process raised by the bishop of Whithorn and
1815-649: The United Kingdom . Under the authority of an Order in Council made on 10 September 2022, following the demise of Queen Elizabeth II, the existing seal continues to be used until another seal is prepared and authorised by King Charles III. The design of the Great Seal is the responsibility of the Lord Lyon King of Arms . Since 1999 the keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland has been the incumbent first minister of Scotland : Records of charters under
1870-540: The cathedral and the surrounding area, including a Pictish carving of a horseman with a spear and drinking-horn, and a number of medieval grave-monuments. The cathedral museum is housed in the former chapter house and sacristy , on the north side of the choir . After the Reformation this chamber was used as a burial aisle by the Earls, Marquises and Dukes of Atholl , and contains a number of elaborate monuments of
1925-459: The east gable of the cathedral. Dr George Smyttan FRSE HEIC (1789-1863) was born and raised in Dunkeld and retained links to Birnam all his life. Dunkeld was partly in the parish of Caputh until 1891. The High Street drill hall in Dunkeld was completed in 1900. The alignment of the town was radically altered in 1809 by the building of a new stone bridge — Dunkeld Bridge — over
1980-598: The execution of Wishart, with his faithful secretary and prosecutor, Lauder, at his side, in front of the Cardinal's Castle of St Andrews . Calderwood also mentions the "Trial of Adam Wallace, 1550.........at the farther end of the chancellarie wall (in the church of the Blacke Friars in Edinburgh), in the pulpit, was placed Mr. Johne Lawder, Parson of Marbottle Morebattle [- see note above, this fell within his remit as Archdeacon of Teviotdale ], accuser, cled in
2035-538: The following year, with a letter, dated 5 November 1534, to congratulate Pope Paul III on his election, and "to testify to James's zeal and regard for the papacy." Lauder famously became Scotland's Public Accuser of Heretics. The prosecution of Norman Gourlay (sometimes spelt Gowrlay), described as vicar of Dollar, in Perthshire and David Stratton , a brother of the Laird of Lauriston , both of whom were burnt at
2090-464: The immediate vicinity, while Craig Vinean (1,247 feet (380 m)) is on the opposite side of the river, along with Birnam Hill. Ossian's Hall of Mirrors is a folly on the pleasure grounds known as The Hermitage , close to Dunkeld. The site is owned by the National Trust for Scotland , and has walks in the wooded scenery surrounding the River Braan . Its location on the middle section of
2145-538: The iron ell (weaver's measure) fixed against one corner. This building is said to have been built on the site of the town's medieval hospital, dedicated to St George . At the north-west corner of the same row is the Duchess of Atholl Girls' School, erected 1853 in neo-Gothic style, designed by R & R Dickson . It is generally known as the Duchess Anne after its founder Anne Home-Drummond (1814–97), spouse of
2200-594: The last day of February 1539. John Knox wrote a lot about this John Lauder, and referred to him as "a monstere, full of the Popis thunder, so spytfull that the ignorant people dreded least the earth then wold have swallowed them up." Knox on Lauder is also quoted by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie , in an almost complete transcript of the trial, on 1 March 1546, of the martyr George Wishart , whom Lauder "laidin full off curssingis written in paper.....cruellie accussit him and condemnit him to death." Cardinal Beaton presided over
2255-527: The mill of Newtoun and thirlage of Newtoun, Lessuden, Earlston, Cammestone, Maxpeffill, Murehouslaw and Plewland except the fishings on the Tuede ( Tweed ) belonging to said lands of Lessuden, dated 26 February 1541. In 1541 Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale, paid the third rental for the parsonage and vicarage of Morebattle , in Roxburghshire , amounting to £73/15/7. It is mentioned that this formed
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2310-454: The newly formed diocese of Argyll was separated from that of Dunkeld, which originally extended to the west coast of Scotland. By 1300 the Bishops of Dunkeld administered a diocese comprising sixty parish churches, a number of them oddly scattered within the sees of St Andrews and Dunblane . The much-restored cathedral choir, still in use as the parish church , is unaisled and dates to
2365-547: The north bank of the River Tay , opposite Birnam . Dunkeld lies close to the geological Highland Boundary Fault , and is frequently described as the "Gateway to the Highlands" due to its position on the main road and rail lines north. Dunkeld has a railway station, Dunkeld & Birnam , on the Highland Main Line , and is about 25 kilometres (15 miles) north of Perth on what is now the A9 road . The main road formerly ran through
2420-508: The receipt by Robert Lawder of Bass of £80 Scots in redemption of the lands of Kylpallet, constabulary of Haddington and shire of Edinburgh , wadset to him by John Lord Hay of Yester; Done at the instance of the said Lord's procurator, Mr. Thomas Hay, provost of Bothanis Abbey St Bathans , place of Biel , 2 p.m., 21 March 1542. Witnesses: John Lawder, natural son of the laird of Bass, John Lawder in Stenton and Thomas Wait. John Manderstoun
2475-541: The reverse side, a view of troops with a landscape in the background was featured. The Coat of Arms of Scotland featured on the seal with English language inscriptions. Strictly, the continuation of the Great Seal of Scotland was guaranteed by the Treaty of Union which provided that "a Seal in Scotland after the Union be alwayes kept and made use of in all things relating to private Rights or Grants, which have usually passed
2530-533: The seal. The Great Seal is administered by the keeper of the Great Seal, one of the Great Officers of State . From 1885 this office was held by the secretary for Scotland , later the Secretary of State for Scotland . It transferred in 1999 to the first minister of Scotland , whose place in the order of precedence in Scotland is determined by his or her office as keeper of the Great Seal. In practice
2585-476: The site of the traditional mercat cross , the fanciful neo-Gothic Atholl Memorial Fountain was built in 1866, as a monument to George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl (1814–64). The Fountain is notable for its heraldry and Masonic symbolism, the 6th Duke having been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland , 1843–64. At the west end of The Cross is The Ell Shop (NTS), built 1757, which takes its name from
2640-537: The stake in August 1534, was carried out by Lauder. Patrick Fraser Tytler chronicled the trial of Thomas Forret , the martyr , in 1539. Dean Thomas Forret had also been vicar of Dollar , and a canon regular of the monastery of St. Colm's , Inch . He was tried along Duncan Simpson (a priest), two black friars – John Keillor and John Beveridge – plus a notary in Stirling by the name of Robert Forster, before
2695-405: The town, however following the modernisation of this road it now passes to the west of Dunkeld. Dunkeld is the location of Dunkeld Cathedral , and is considered to be a remarkably well-preserved example of a Scottish burgh of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Around twenty of the houses within Dunkeld have been restored by the National Trust for Scotland . The Hermitage , on
2750-536: The union with Scotland, England and Ireland under one monarch as a result of the Union of the Crowns which came into effect in 1603. During the period which Scotland was under the Commonwealth (1652–1660), the Great Seal was changed to depict Oliver Cromwell who was the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth . The seal depicted a Cromwell equestrian figure with long hair and wearing a sash and armour. On
2805-532: The western side of the A9, is a countryside property that is also a National Trust for Scotland site. Over the centuries there have been several bridges linking Dunkeld with neighbouring Birnam, and the current bridge , designed by Thomas Telford and financed by the 4th Duke of Atholl , was completed in 1809. The name Dùn Chailleann means Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians . The 'fort'
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#17327828224192860-529: Was Principal Private Secretary to Secretary to Cardinal David Beaton , and after him, Archbishop Hamilton . In a Feudal Charter granted by David, Cardinal Beaton dated 6 October 1539, one of the witnesses was "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Tweeddale , the Cardinal's Secretary". "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale ", had a personal armorial seal, noted from a document in 1539 as: a shield bearing arms :- 1st & 4th: Three piles (charged with as many annulets ?), 2nd & 3rd: A griffin segreant contourne. In
2915-423: Was adapted under the reign of James VI and I (James VI of Scotland, and James I of England and Ireland). The seal was first used in 1603 until 1605 and notably featured a change of coat of arms on the seal. The coat of arms featured on the Great Seal under James VI contained the arms of both Scotland and Ireland and also featured differences to the legend which featured on the seal. Such changes were an indication of
2970-509: Was one of Scotland's major 17th-century mansions. A neo-Gothic replacement was begun on the same site but never completed (no visible remains). The area around the cathedral was the original focus of settlement in Dunkeld in medieval (and doubtless earlier) times. Here stood the manses of the Cathedral clergy, with the Bishop's Palace to the west of the church. Dunkeld is situated in an area of Scotland marketed as Big Tree Country . The area
3025-421: Was raided in 903 by Danish Vikings sailing up the River Tay, but continued to flourish into the 11th century. At that time, its abbot, Crínán of Dunkeld (d. 1045), married one of the daughters of Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (1005–34) and became the ancestor of later Kings of Scots through their son Donnchad ( Duncan I ) (1034–40). The see of Dunkeld was revived by Alexander I (1107–24). Between 1183 and 1189
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