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103-514: Joshiy (born 18 July 1952) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and also directed Tamil , Hindi , Telugu and Kannada -language films. Joshiy made his directorial debut in the 1978 film Tiger Salim , but it was the 1980 film Moorkhan that was his breakthrough in Malayalam cinema. Joshiy, the sixth child of Vasudevan and Gowri,

206-473: A film school to get a bachelor's degree studying film or cinema. Film students generally study the basic skills used in making a film. This includes, for example, preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, communicating with professional actors, communicating with the crew, and reading scripts. Some film schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production facilities. Besides basic technical and logistical skills, students also receive education on

309-449: A lathi -charge to control the crowd of fans who had gathered for the procession from his Bandra house to the crematorium. He died in the presence of his wife Dimple Kapadia, daughters Rinke Khanna and Twinkle Khanna, son-in-law Akshay Kumar, grandchildren, Anju Mahendru and other close relatives. His pyre was lit by his grandson, Aarav, with the assistance of Akshay Kumar. Amitabh Bachchan cited that Rajesh Khanna's last words were "Time

412-525: A baby faced boy in Punjabi). Rajesh Khanna was one of eight finalists from more than 10,000 contestants in the 1965 All India Talent Contest, organised by United Producers and Filmfare, along with other FTII students Subhash Ghai and Dheeraj Kumar . Khanna won the contest along with Farida Jalal . BR Chopra , Bimal Roy , GP Sippy , HS Rawail , Nasir Husain , J.Om Prakash , Mohan Saigal, Shakti Samanta and Subodh Mukherji and others had created

515-460: A blockbuster and laying the foundation of Yash Raj Films (which is the biggest production house in India till today). Its soundtrack composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal dominated the musical charts and was one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1970s. His final release that year was the social drama film Namak Haraam , which too received positive reception and proved to be a superhit at

618-418: A blockbuster. Basu Bhattacharya 's art-house film Avishkaar and Shakti Samanta's crime thriller Ajanabee were his next two releases. While Ajanabee did reasonable business and proved to be a semi-hit, Avishkaar was a commercial flop, but a huge critical success and won Khanna his third and final Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his subtle portrayal of a disillusioned husband. His last film of

721-462: A box office hit, but his contemporaries, including Bachchan, Dharmendra and Manoj Kumar had bigger hits in their kitty with Sholay , Deewaar , Pratiggya and Sanyasi , which were also among the top 5 highest-grossing films of the year. The following year, he reunited with Hema Malini for Shakti Samanta's highly anticipated romantic drama Mehbooba based on Gulshan Nanda 's novel Sisakate Saaz . Inspite of impressive performances by

824-473: A brief role in Samanta's Anuraag , which went on to become a blockbuster and won him Filmfare Special Award . After this, he reunited with Tagore for Yash Chopra's maiden production and sixth directional venture Daag: A Poem of Love which also had Rakhee in the lead. Inspired from Thomas Hardy 's novel The Mayor of Casterbridge , it was a major critical and commercial success, eventually emerging

927-584: A brief role in the superhit dance film Disco Dancer . The Disco Dancer soundtrack was popular worldwide, particularly in India, the Soviet Union, and China. It went Platinum in India, equivalent to 1   million sales, and received a Gold Award in China. One of the song from film, "Goron Ki Na Kalon Ki" sung by Suresh Wadkar and filmed on Khanna went on to become a chartbuster. After almost

1030-544: A decade of occasional success, Khanna made a notable comeback in 1983. His first release Nishaan was a semi-hit, but his second release, Mohan Kumar 's Avtaar emerged a blockbuster & was among the highest-grossing films of the year. Khanna received his 14th and final nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category for Avtaar . His next release was Saawan Kumar Tak 's romantic drama Souten co-starring Tina Munim and Padmini Kolhapure . It

1133-538: A filmmaker proved to be a superhit. All of its songs were major hits too, especially "Zindagi Ke Safar Mein Guzar Jate Hain Jo Maqaam" sung by Kishore Kumar. This was followed by Prem Nagar which was a remake of Akkineni Nageswara Rao 's all time Telugu hit Prema Nagar (1971). Prem Nagar like the original opened to excellent response from the audience, eventually doing more business than Khanna's last major hit Aap Ki Kasam and emerging

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1236-485: A flat fee for the project, as a weekly salary, or as a daily rate. A handful of top Hollywood directors made from $ 133.3 million to $ 257.95 million in 2011, such as James Cameron and Steven Spielberg , but the average United States film directors and producers made $ 89,840 in 2018. A new Hollywood director typically gets paid around $ 400,000 for directing their first studio film. The average annual salary in England

1339-475: A flop. Khanna's next release, Dard again with Malini met the same fate, however Dhanwan opposite Reena Roy was a hit. His final release of the year, Shomu Mukherjee 's Fiffty Fiffty co-starring Tina Munim also performed moderately well. In 1982, Khanna starred in three big budget multi-starrers, Vijay Anand 's Rajput , Umesh Mehra 's Ashanti , Sultan Ahmed 's Dharam Kanta , all three of which emerged box office successes. He also played

1442-567: A former film actress, is married to actor Akshay Kumar , while his younger daughter Rinke Khanna, also a former Hindi film actress, is married to London-based investment banker Samir Saran. Khanna is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. Khanna is noted for his acting, style, musicals and dance. One of the most successful and highest-paid actors of 1970s and 1980s, Khanna appeared in Box Office India ' s "Top Actors" list six times from 1969 to 1974. He topped

1545-541: A four-year hiatus, Joshiy made a comeback with the hit movie Porinju Mariam Jose and also directed the 2022 film Paappan . Joshiy is married to Sindhu. The couple have a son, Abhilash, and a daughter, Aishwarya, who died in a car accident in Chennai in July 2011. Abhilash is married to Varsha. Abhilash made his directorial debut with King of Kotha (2023). Film director The film director gives direction to

1648-419: A game changer for Khanna and saw his rise to superstardom. It began with Shakti Samanta 's romantic musical Aradhana co-starring Sharmila Tagore . The film went to become a massive blockbuster at the box office and made him an overnight sensation. Its soundtrack composed by S. D. Burman and lyrics written by Anand Bakshi was the third best-selling Hindi film album of the 1960s and made Kishore Kumar

1751-400: A general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Other directors edit or appear in their films or compose music score for their films. A film director's task is to envisage

1854-745: A grand way at the Taj Land's End hotel in Bandra , Mumbai on 21 July 2012, was attended by many. A postage stamp featuring Khanna was released by the India Post on 3 May 2013. On his first death anniversary, a bronze statue of Khanna was unveiled at Bollywood Walk of Fame at Bandra Bandstand , Mumbai . A chowk (intersection) in Girgaon has been named "Superstar Rajesh Khanna Chowk" in his memory. In 2014, his biography Rajesh Khanna: The Untold Story of India's First Superstar by Yasser Usman

1957-491: A hit at the Indian boxoffice. The films Veendum , Nyayavidhi , Aayiram Kannukal , Sayam Sandhya , Kshamichu Ennoru Vakku followed. In the same year, Joshiy directed New Delhi under Jubilee Productions which was a blockbuster and the highest grossing Malayalam film at the time ( his third Industrial hit ) and was a comeback film for Mammootty . In 1987, he directed Itihaas (1987 film) , starring Raaj Kumar in

2060-627: A hotel in Madras , there was a queue of 600 girls waiting to see him at midnight. As a result, even I would get some importance, as people would ask for my autograph as well. He was very generous with his associates." During the peak of his career, he would be mobbed during public appearances. Fans kissed his car, which would be covered with lipstick marks, and lined the road, cheering and chanting his name. Female fans sent him letters written in their blood. Actor Mehmood parodied him in Bombay to Goa where

2163-514: A huge hit in K. Bapaiah 's action comedy film Maqsad , which also had Jeetendra , Jaya Prada and Sridevi in the lead, followed by two more successes in Naya Kadam and Dharm Aur Qanoon . Khanna followed it with another downturn as all of his releases for the next three years were critical and commercial failures. This changed in 1988 with the successful horror film Woh Phir Aayegi and another hit venture Ghar Ka Chiraag ,

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2266-500: A number of popular films, including Kati Patang , Amar Prem , Shehzada , Apna Desh , Mere Jeevan Saathi , Namak Haraam , Aap Ki Kasam , Ajnabee , Maha Chor , Karm , Phir Wohi Raat , Aanchal , Kudrat , Ashanti , Agar Tum Na Hote , Awaaz , Hum Dono and Alag Alag . Kamal Haasan was a close friend of Khanna. Kamal in an interview, narrated his experience of Khanna's stardom, in an incident in 1985 – "He probably hadn't been to

2369-587: A public theatre since he became a star. When we reached, things were okay. He enjoyed the film ( The Swarm ) and refused to leave until the end titles. That's when I panicked. This was Rajesh Khanna, the star of the millennium. All hell broke loose as audiences realised he was there, his shirt was torn, but he was enjoying himself thoroughly. He giggled and chuckled like a child." Shah Rukh Khan idolised Khanna and has opined; "Rajesh Khanna, you can't touch". Anupam Kher said "Kishore Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar , S. D. Burman, R. D. Burman, Rajesh Khanna and Smita Patil changed

2472-499: A recent trend of more attention to women directors in India, brought on partly by Amazon and Netflix moving into the industry. Of the movies produced in Nollywood , women direct only 2%. There are many different awards for film directing, run by various academies , critics associations , film festivals , and guilds . The Academy Award for Best Director and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director are considered among

2575-408: A religious resort for disciples of Sai Baba . In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Khanna fell in love with the then fashion designer and actress Anju Mahendru . They were in a relationship for seven years. Khanna's sudden stardom and his insistence that Mahendru quit her acting career eventually ended their relationship. Mahendru states that the couple did not speak to each other for 17 years after

2678-525: A span of three years, a record which remains unbroken to date. Khanna won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor for playing a double role in Sachaa Jhutha . He won his second Filmfare Award for Best Actor and first BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for portraying a cancer-patient in Anand which is also considered his career-best performance by many of his fans as well as critics. Khanna began

2781-698: A superstar would have never accepted me if I was arrogant. If I was arrogant people would not have made me a Lok Sabha member because if someone is arrogant, that arrogance is visible. And this public knows everything and understand everything". Khanna was a life member of the International Film And Television Research Centre, the International Film And Television Club and the Asian Academy of Film & Television . He

2884-584: A talent hunt programme in 2007 and donated a Gold Trophy of Rs.1 crore. In its Silver Jubilee Episode on 14–15 March 2008, K for Kishore aired a Rajesh Khanna special. He signed on to star in a TV serial with Creative Eye Banner, (Dhiraj Kumar) in 2007, and in 2008 performed in a TV serial, Bhabhima , with Leena Ganguly as his co-star. His successful TV serial Raghukul Reet Sada Chali Aayi began in November 2008 and ended in September 2009. Khanna cited

2987-403: A way to translate a screenplay into a fully formed film, and then to realize this vision. To do this, they oversee the artistic and technical elements of film production. This entails organizing the film crew in such a way to achieve their vision of the film and communicating with the actors. This requires skills of group leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in

3090-806: A wounded mute soldier in the play Andha Yug and impressed with his performance; the chief guest suggested that he get into films soon. Khanna became a rare newcomer who had his own MG sports car , who once struggled to get work in theatre and films in the early 1960s. Khanna did his first two years of Bachelor of Arts at Nowrosjee Wadia College in Pune from 1959 to 1961. He later studied at Kishinchand Chellaram College , Mumbai and Jeetendra studied at Siddharth Jain College. Khanna tutored Jeetendra for his first film audition. Khanna's uncle KK Talwar changed Khanna's first name to Rajesh when he decided to enter films. His friends and his wife called him Kaka (meaning

3193-520: A yearly salary from ¥4 million to ¥10 million, and the Directors Guild of Japan requires a minimum payment of ¥3.5 million. Korean directors make 300 million to 500 million won for a film, and beginning directors start out making around 50 million won. A Korean director who breaks into the Chinese market might make 1 billion won for a single film. According to a 2018 report from UNESCO ,

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3296-740: Is a film criticism concept that holds that a film director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (the French word for "author"). In spite of—and sometimes even because of—the production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the collective process. Some film directors started as screenwriters , film editors , producers , actors , or film critics , as well as directing for similar media like television and commercials. Several American cinematographers have become directors, including Barry Sonnenfeld , originally

3399-482: Is regarded as a cult classic today and was remade in many Indian languages, including Hindi itself. It also won Khanna his second BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) . In 1973, his first release was Sachin Bhowmick 's romantic drama Raja Rani in which he starred alongside his Aradhana co-star Sharmila Tagore. Inspite of huge expectations, it ended up as a commercially unsuccessful venture. Khanna then played

3502-529: Is up, Pack up". In a pre-recorded message to his family, friends and fans that was played on his "chautha", he thanked and saluted his friends and fans for the love they showered on him and also shared how he became a successful actor without having any godfather behind him. On 25 July 2012, his ashes were immersed in the Ganges at Rishikesh , Uttarakhand by his wife Dimple Kapadia and daughter Rinke Khanna. The President of India , Pratibha Patil , lamented

3605-738: Is £50,440, in Canada is $ 62,408, and in Western Australia it can range from $ 75,230 to $ 97,119. In France, the average salary is €4000 per month, paid per project. Luc Besson was the highest paid French director in 2017, making €4.44 million for Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets . That same year, the top ten French directors' salaries in total represented 42% of the total directors' salaries in France. Film directors in Japan average

3708-630: The action drama Apna Desh also performed very well at the box office and added one more superhit in his kitty. It also had some highly popular songs like "Duniya Mein Logon Ko", "Kajra Lagake Gajra Sajake", "Ro Na Kabhi Nahin Rona". In the late 1972, Khanna's amazing run came to an abrupt halt with a string of commercial failures, which were - Dil Daulat Duniya , Bawarchi , Joroo Ka Ghulam , Mere Jeevan Saathi and Maalik . Out of them, Hrishikesh Mukherjee 's musical comedy drama Bawarchi

3811-486: The 1970s were based on Khanna. In the 1970s, his chemistry with Sharmila Tagore , Mumtaz, Asha Parekh , Zeenat Aman , Tanuja and Hema Malini were popular with the audience. Sharmila Tagore said in an interview to The Indian Express that "women came out in droves to see Kaka . They would stand in queues outside the studios to catch a glimpse. He needed police protection when he was in public. I have never seen anything like this before or since." Music remained one of

3914-527: The 1992 by-election, retaining his seat until 1996 after which he was not interested in active politics. When Khanna was MP, he did not accept new acting assignments, but only acted in the film Khudai (1994). After leaving parliament, he was a political activist for the INC and campaigned for the party till the 2012 Punjab election . Khanna and a group of foreign investors bought land in Shirdi , on which he built

4017-1123: The Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting) and ARTE . In recent decades American directors have primarily been coming out of USC , UCLA , AFI , Columbia University , and NYU , each of which is known for cultivating a certain style of filmmaking. Notable film schools outside of the United States include Beijing Film Academy , Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica in Mexico City, Dongseo University in South Korea, FAMU in Prague, Film and Television Institute of India , HFF Munich , La Fémis in Paris, Tel Aviv University , and Vancouver Film School . Film directors usually are self-employed and hired per project based on recommendations and industry reputation. Compensation might be arranged as

4120-528: The Coen brothers' Director of Photography; Wally Pfister , cinematographer on Christopher Nolan 's three Batman films made his directorial debut with Transcendence (2014). Despite the misnomer, assistant director has become a completely separate career path and is not typically a position for aspiring directors, but there are exceptions in some countries such as India where assistant directors are indeed directors-in-training. Many film directors have attended

4223-847: The MC High School in Burewala (in present-day Vehari District , Punjab , Pakistan ). His adoptive parents belonged to a family of railway contractors who had moved from Lahore to Bombay in 1935. Khanna lived in Saraswati Niwas, in Thakur-dwar near Girgaon , Mumbai. He attended St. Sebastian's Goan High School with his friend Ravi Kapoor, who later took the stage name Jeetendra . Khanna gradually started taking an interest in theatre, did many stage and theatre plays in his school and college days, and won many prizes in inter-college drama competitions. In 1962 Khanna played

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4326-560: The United Producers organisation and were then judges of the contest. He made his film debut in the 1966 film Aakhri Khat , directed by Chetan Anand , followed by Raaz (1967), directed by Ravindra Dave , both of which were a part of his predetermined prize for winning the All-India United Producers' Talent Competition. G.P. Sippy and Nasir Hussain were the first to sign Khanna after he won

4429-407: The biggest attractions of his career. Khanna used to personally sit in music sessions with music directors and used to be personally present for recording of songs picturised on him. Khanna's on-screen pairings with Shabana Azmi , Smita Patil , Tina Munim , Padmini Kolhapure and Poonam Dhillon was also popular in the 80s. The trio of Rajesh Khanna, Kishore Kumar and R.D. Burman went on to make

4532-484: The box office equation and saw the emergence of a new Superstar in the form of Amitabh Bachchan . With Bachchan's rise and his poor choice of films in the mid 1970s, Khanna suffered a major career setback and eventually, lost his superstardom. In 1975, Khanna starred alongside Shashi Kapoor and Mumtaz in Raj Khosla's Prem Kahani and did a guest appearance in the war film Aakraman . The former emerged

4635-484: The box office. Khanna received his fifth nomination in the best actor category at the Filmfare Awards for Daag and won his third BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for Namak Haraam . 1974 was a great year for Khanna with both critical and commercial appreciation coming his way. His first film Humshakal flopped commercially, but his second release Aap Ki Kasam which was also J. Om Prakash 's debut as

4738-475: The break-up. Later Khanna – 31 at that time – married the budding actress Dimple Kapadia who was then 15 years old, in March 1973, before Kapadia's debut film Bobby released in September that year. Khanna and Kapadia have two daughters from the marriage; Twinkle and Rinke . Khanna and Kapadia separated in 1982, but never completed the divorce proceedings. According to Yasser Usman's biography of Khanna,

4841-467: The cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , producers , film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline

4944-493: The contest. "Though 'Aakhri Khat' is my first film, I received my first break as a leading actor in Ravindra Dave's, 'Raaz', in 1967. My heroine was Babita, already a popular actress then. Though I had lots of confidence, I was shy in facing the camera initially. In my first three shots, I had to perform with stress on my body language and dialogue delivery. Though I was right with my dialogues, my movements were not up to

5047-598: The couple separated because Kapadia wished to return to acting. She had quit acting when she married Khanna since the latter wanted his partner to be a housewife. A few years after their marriage Kapadia decided to resume her career. However, Khanna remained adamant that his wife will not work. Kapadia eventually left Khanna and started her career in films. Khanna and Kapadia however maintained an amicable relationship where they both were seen together at parties and family functions. Kapadia also campaigned for Khanna's election and worked in his film Jai Shiv Shankar (1990), although

5150-422: The director ensures that all individuals involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges they have to tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle with egos and weather thrown in for good measure". It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how they will work again, if at all. Generally,

5253-435: The director works with the editor to edit the material into the director's cut . Well-established directors have the " final cut privilege ", meaning that they have the final say on which edit of the film is released. For other directors, the studio can order further edits without the director's permission. The director is one of the few positions that requires intimate involvement during every stage of film production . Thus,

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5356-412: The driver and conductor of the bus were called 'Rajesh' and 'Khanna' respectively. A scene of Amar Prem , to be shot at Howrah Bridge , was cancelled due to his popularity. Film critic Monojit Lahiri said: "Girls married themselves to photographs of Khanna, cutting their fingers and applying the blood as sindoor. He was God, there has never been such hysteria." Several songs sung by Kishore Kumar in

5459-482: The end of year, he appeared in Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein and Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka , but contrary to expectations, both the films were flops. The next year, he had four releases, out of which, Ramanand Sagar 's romantic drama film Prem Bandhan proved to be a successful venture, but rest were critical and commercial failures. In 1979, Khanna appeared alongside Shabana Azmi and Vinod Mehra in

5562-450: The face of Indian cinema. They're remembered by the films that they did." Actor Tom Alter confessed "I still dream of being Rajesh Khanna. For me, in the early 1970s, he was the only hero – romantic to the core, not larger than life, so Indian and real – he was my hero; the reason I came into films and he still is." Actor Irrfan Khan stated in an interview, "The kind of craze witnessed by Rajesh Khanna has not been duplicated by anyone. He

5665-478: The film industry throughout the world has a disproportionately higher number of male directors compared to female directors, and they provide as an example the fact that only 20% of films in Europe are directed by women. 44% of graduates from a sample of European films schools are women, and yet women are only 24% of working film directors in Europe. However only a fraction of film school graduates aspire to direct with

5768-495: The film industry. During college, he and his junior, Ratheesh —who would later become an actor—were recruited with 30 other students as junior artists in the 1969 film Koottukudumbam , appearing as spectators in a dance scene featuring Sheela and Sarada . At the age of 20, Joshiy left college and began seeking opportunities to work as an assistant director . Born at Varkala in Thiruvananthapuram district as

5871-473: The film never got released. In the 1980s, Tina Munim was in love with Khanna. She had been a fan of him since her school days. They appeared in ten films together between 1981 and 1986. According to website Bollywood Mantra , Khanna refused to marry her as their marriage would have a bad impact on his daughters. After Munim and Khanna parted ways, he resumed his friendship with Anju Mahendru. Khanna's elder daughter Twinkle Khanna, an interior decorator and

5974-642: The following year. In 1990, he starred in David Dhawan 's drama film Swarg . An adaptation of Ashok Kumar and Sunil Dutt starrer Mehrban (1967), it went on to become a hit and established Dhawan's career as a director. Swarg also proved to be the last major success of Khanna's career. In 1991, Khanna had three releases – Begunaah , Rupaye Dus Karod and Ghar Parivar , none of which did well commercially. After this, he quit acting for sometime to focus on his political career. From 1992 to 1998, he had only two releases - Khudai (1994) and

6077-420: The greatest actor of Bengali cinema, as his idol. In that interview, Khanna also claimed that Uttam Kumar was the greatest living actor of his time. At the insistence of Rajiv Gandhi , Khanna started campaigning for Indian National Congress after 1984. In the election for New Delhi seat in the 1991 Lok Sabha election, Khanna lost to L.K. Advani by a narrow margin of 1589 votes, after which Khanna stood on

6180-468: The greatest and most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema, he is known as the first Superstar of Indian cinema . His accolades include five Filmfare Awards , and in 2013, he was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan , India's third highest civilian honour. Khanna made his debut in 1966 Aakhri Khat which was India's first official Academy Awards entry in 1967. In 2005, he

6283-546: The grounds at the counting station insisting that he had been cheated of a win. In 1992, a by-election was called after the resignation of the incumbent Member of Parliament L.K. Advani . Khanna contested the seat again, won the by-election by defeating Shatrughan Sinha by 25,000 votes. Khanna was a member of Parliament for the Indian National Congress , from the New Delhi constituency, where he won

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6386-836: The lack of good roles for actors like him in films as the reason for him not appearing much in films after 2001. He said in an interview on being queried about his decision to do TV serials: "The reach of TV is much more than cinema today and one episode of my serial is likely to be watched by more people than a super-hit film". In May 2012, Havells , the fan making company endorsed Khanna as Brand Ambassador for their new ad campaign featuring him in solo advertisements. Khanna considered Guru Dutt , Meena Kumari and Geeta Bali to be his idols. Khanna said in an interview: "My inspirations include Dilip Kumar 's dedication and intensity, Raj Kapoor 's spontaneity, Dev Anand 's style and Shammi Kapoor 's rhythm." In an interview given to The Hindu in 2011, Khanna specially mentioned Mahanayak Uttam Kumar ,

6489-533: The lead in Hindi, which was remake of Ithihasam. In 1988, Joshiy directed three films, all scripted by Dennis Joseph and Mammootty in the lead role - Dhinarathrangal , Sangham and Thanthram . In 1989, he again teamed with Mohanlal for Naduvazhikal . In 1989, Joshiy brought out a military film. Nair Saab , completely shot in Kashmir, with Mammootty in the title role. Mahayanam , his third film of

6592-539: The lead pair and two hit songs, "Mere Naina Sawan Bhadon" and "Parbat Ke Peeche", the film failed to live up to the expectations and ended up as an average venture. This was followed by another moderate fare in Narendra Bedi's action comedy Maha Chor opposite Neetu Singh and a flop in Shammi Kapoor 's romantic comedy Bundal Baaz co-starring Sulakshana Pandit . In 1977, Khanna's first release

6695-655: The lead role. Joshiy joined with Gopi and Renji Panicker for Lelam and Pathram in 1997 and 1999. His next two films were Praja and Dubai in 2001 which performed poorly at the box office. He took a break after these films. In 2004, Joshiy made a comeback with Runway , this time Dileep in the leading role and was followed by Maambazhakkaalam . Naran released in 2005 starring Mohanlal , followed by Lion in 2006. His next films included Pothan Vava (2006) and July 4 (2007) followed by Nasrani (2007) and Janmam (2007). In 2008 he directed Twenty:20 bringing together almost all Mollywood actors. It

6798-525: The leading playback singer of Hindi cinema . That same year, he starred in Raj Khosla 's romantic family drama Do Raaste opposite Mumtaz . Backed up with chartbuster songs, including "Yeh Reshmi Zulfen", "Bindiya Chamkegi", "Chup Gaye Saare Nazaare", it went a step ahead and emerged an All Time Blockbuster , in turn making Khanna and Mumtaz a hit pair. In the United Kingdom , the film

6901-474: The list thrice (1969–1971). In 2022, he was placed in Outlook India ' s "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list. Khanna was placed ninth among the "Greatest Bollywood Stars" in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013. Khanna has the record for the most films as the solo lead hero in Hindi films – 106. Rediff.com placed him 8th in its "Top 10 Bollywood Actors of All Time" list. Khanna

7004-467: The major grossers. These films turned Khanna into a Superstar and marked the beginning of Rajesh Khanna Mania of the early 1970s. He continued his domination at the box office in 1970 and 1971 with films, such as – The Train , Sachaa Jhutha , Safar , Aan Milo Sajna , Kati Patang , Mehboob Ki Mehndi , Anand , Andaz , Maryada , Haathi Mere Saathi , Chhoti Bahu and Amar Prem , eventually giving 17 consecutive successes in

7107-472: The majority entering the industry in other roles. In Hollywood, women make up only 12.6 percent of film directors, as reported by a UCLA study of the 200 top theatrical films of 2017, but that number is a significant increase from 6.9% in 2016. As of 2014, there were only 20 women in the Directors Guild of Japan out of the 550 total members. Indian film directors are also greatly underrepresented by women, even compared to other countries, but there has been

7210-523: The mark. Ravindra Dave explained me my scenes and movements very clearly correcting my way of walking." Khanna's remarks after Aakhri Khat was India's entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 40th Oscar Academy Awards in 1967. Being under contract with United Producers, he got projects, such as Aurat (1967) and Baharon Ke Sapne (1967), both of which were commercially unsuccessful. The year 1969 proved to be

7313-599: The most prestigious awards for directing, and there is even an award for worst directing given out during the Golden Raspberry Awards . Rajesh Khanna Rajesh Khanna ( pronounced [rɑːˈdʒeːʃ kʰənˈnə] ) ( pronunciation ; born Jatin Khanna ; 29 December 1942 – 18 July 2012) was an Indian actor, film producer and politician who worked in Hindi films . Considered as one of

7416-599: The much delayed Sautela Bhai (1996), both of which sank without a trace. In 1999, Khanna appeared in Rishi Kapoor 's directional debut Aa Ab Laut Chalen . Despite being hugely hyped before its release, the film received negative reviews from critics and ended up as a below average grosser. In the 2000s, he tried to make a comeback with films, such as Pyaar Zindagi Hai (2001), Kyaa Dil Ne Kahaa (2002), Wafa: A Deadly Love Story (2008), but none of them could re-establish him. Khanna's final film appearance

7519-548: The nature of professional relationships that occur during film production. A full degree course can be designed for up to five years of studying. Future directors usually complete short films during their enrollment. The National Film School of Denmark has the student's final projects presented on national TV. Some film schools retain the rights for their students' works. Many directors successfully prepared for making feature films by working in television. The German Film and Television Academy Berlin consequently cooperates with

7622-461: The next year with Dulal Guha 's drama film Dushmun . It opened to excellent audience response and emerged a blockbuster as well as one of the highest-earning films of the year . Dushmun was later remade in Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada . For portraying a rash truck driver in the film, Khanna received a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category. His next release,

7725-598: The passing away of the actor. In a press release she said "I am saddened to learn about the passing away of Rajesh Khanna. In his prime as an actor he was the heartthrob of the young generation of 1970s, who tried to model themselves on him and his style." Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi who used to be Chief Minister of Gujarat mourned his death. Many celebrities including Amitabh Bachchan , Shah Rukh Khan , Aamir Khan , Karan Johar , Shabana Azmi , Rishi Kapoor and many politicians also paid homage to him after his death. His prayer meeting, organised in

7828-415: The position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that "20-hour days are not unusual". Some directors also take on additional roles, such as producing, writing or editing. Under European Union law, the film director is considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory . Auteur theory

7931-407: The restrictions of the film's budget and the demands of the producer and studio (such as the need to get a particular age rating ). Directors also play an important role in post-production . While the film is still in production, the director sends " dailies " to the film editor and explains their overall vision for the film, allowing the editor to assemble an editor's cut . In post-production,

8034-451: The romantic drama Amar Deep . The film opened to positive response from critics and emerged a hit at the box office thus ending his dry run and also proving to be one of the highest grossing films of that year. He began the 1980s with Bharathiraja 's psychological thriller Red Rose . A remake of blockbuster Tamil film Sigappu Rojakkal , the film couldn't repeat the success of original and flopped commercially. His next release

8137-401: The script by debutant Dennis Joseph . Joshiy, Mammootty, and Dennis Joseph continued working together with Nyayavidhi , Shyama and Veendum . He made his debut in Hindi films in 1984 and achieved national fame when he directed Dharm Aur Qanoon starring Rajesh Khanna in a double role along with Dharmendra . It had box office collection of ₹6.5 crores in 1984 and went on to become

8240-403: The sole superiors of the director are the producers and the studio that is financing the film, although sometimes the director can also be a producer of the same film. The role of a director differs from producers in that producers typically manage the logistics and business operations of the production, whereas the director is tasked with making creative decisions. The director must work within

8343-556: The son of Vasu and Gouri, Joshiy's relation with cinema began from the cinema theatre that his family owned. While doing his final year in degree, in 1969, Joshiy left to Chennai to try his luck in cinema. Joshiy began his career by working as an assistant director under eminent film directors M. Krishnan Nair and J. Sasikumar . He also assisted Crossbelt Mani and he was the assistant director of Aanayum Ambariyum in 1978 film directed by Crossbelt Mani . He made his debut as director through Tiger Salim , released in 1978. His next movie

8446-477: The stressful, fast-paced environment of a film set. Moreover, it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus, excellent communication skills are a must. Because the film director depends on the successful cooperation of many different creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic ideals and visions, they also need to possess conflict-resolution skills to mediate whenever necessary. Thus

8549-533: The theater business by opening two additional theatres: Varkala Vasu and Attingal Gowri. Varkala Sasi hosted both film screenings and stage plays, providing Joshiy early exposure to art. Joshiy attended Sree Narayana College, Cherthala , but left without completing his degree. Joshiy, who showed little interest in formal education, declined an offer from Sreenivasan to join the Pune Film Institute , preferring instead to explore opportunities directly in

8652-600: The year was Manmohan Desai 's action drama Roti which released alongside another biggie Roti Kapada Aur Makaan , but still went on to become a blockbuster at the box office. Due to its huge success, Roti was also remade in Telugu as Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi (1976). The declaration of emergency in 1975 had angered the masses and this helped films having the lead character revolting against corruption and establishment to become successes. The shift from romantic and social movies to action oriented multi-starrers changed

8755-498: The year. No.20 Madras Mail was released in 1990 with Mohanlal in lead role, followed by the investigation thriller Ee Thanutha Veluppan Kalathu . Kuttettan was his third film of that year. Joshiy's next film was Kauravar in 1992. In 1993, Dhruvam got released, followed by Sainyam in 1994. His debut into Telugu cinema was in 1994 through Angarakshugudu , starring Rajashekhar and Meena in leading roles. In 1997 Joshiy brought out Bhoopathi with Suresh Gopi in

8858-633: Was Moorkhan which was followed by Raktham . He directed Prem Nazir , Srividya in Ithihasam . Following this, Joshiy directed many films including Kaahalam , Sharam , Karthavyam , Dheera and Aarambham . In 1983, he collaborated with Mammootty for the first time, for Aa Rathri . This was followed by Kodumkattu , came out and a series of films including Bhookambam , Kodathi , Alakadalinakkare , Muhurtham Pathnonnu Muppathinu and Minimol Vathicanil and Sandharbham . In 1985, Joshiy directed Nirakkoottu , based on

8961-558: Was Esmayeel Shroff 's family drama Thodisi Bewafaii opposite Shabana Azmi . It performed well at the box office and proved to be a hit with Khanna receiving his 12th nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category and Kishore Kumar winning Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Hazaar Rahen Mud Ke Dekhin". His other releases of the year were - Anil Ganguly 's drama film Aanchal , Danny Denzongpa 's horror thriller Phir Wahi Raat and K. Bapaiah 's romantic drama Bandish . While Phir Wahi Raat

9064-509: Was Faculty Guest of "Specialised Cinema Courses At Asian School Of Media Studies". On 10 April 1999 Khanna inaugurated the live concert of S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , held at Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium , Hyderabad as a tribute to R. D. Burman . In 2001 and 2002, Khanna played the lead in two television serials: Aapne Parai (B4U and DD Metro) and Ittefaq (Zee TV). He performed in a video album based on Tagore's songs (Rabindra Sangeet) without payment. He also endorsed Star se Superstar tak –

9167-525: Was again a Shakti Samanta directional Anurodh . Its soundtrack composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal topped the musical charts, but commercially the film was an average runner. His next four releases, included - Din Dayal Sharma's Tyaag , Joy Mukherjee 's Chhailla Babu , B.R. Chopra 's Karm and Bhappi Sonie 's Chalta Purza . While Tyaag didnt do well, Chhailla Babu , Karm and Chalta Purza proved to be decent box office successes. Before

9270-494: Was an underperformer, Aanchal and Bandish were major commercial successes. In 1981, he co-starred alongside Raaj Kumar , Vinod Khanna , Hema Malini and Priya Rajvansh in Chetan Anand's reincarnation drama Kudrat . In spite of presence of some of the biggest stars of that time and its soundtrack being one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1980s, Kudrat was rejected at ticket counters and proved to be

9373-560: Was born on 29 December 1942, in Amritsar in the Punjab Province of British India , as 'Jatin Khanna' into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. He was adopted and raised by Chunnilal Khanna and Leelawati Khanna, who were relatives of his biological parents. His father had migrated from West Punjab to Gali Tiwarian in Amritsar . His biological parents were Lala Hiranand Khanna and Chandrani Khanna. Lala worked as headmaster of

9476-428: Was diagnosed with cancer. After his death his co-star Mumtaz said that he was suffering from cancer for the duration of the prior year and had undergone chemotherapy sessions. His funeral took place on 19 July at 11:00. His funeral ceremony was attended by 9 lakh (900,000) people and his fans came from places like Surat , Ahmedabad , Vadodara , Pune , Bangalore and other countries. Police had to resort to

9579-417: Was followed by the thriller Robinhood in 2009. Christian Brothers released in 2011, a multi-star film with Mohanlal , Suresh Gopi , Dileep and Sarath Kumar . In 2012, he directed Run Baby Run , another film with Mohanlal in the lead. It was followed by Lokpal in 2013 and Salaam Kashmier 2014 with Jayaram and Suresh Gopi in lead roles. In 2015, Joshiy directed Lailaa O Lailaa . After

9682-505: Was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award on the 50th anniversary of the Filmfare Awards . He was a Member of Parliament in the 10th Lok Sabha from New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency between 1992 and 1996, elected in the 1992 New Delhi by-election as an Indian National Congress candidate. He was married to Dimple Kapadia in March 1973, eight months before her debut film Bobby

9785-488: Was in Ashok Tyagi's much delayed action film Riyasat , which released after his death in 2014. It was panned by critics across the board and was a box office flop. Khanna appeared in a rare interview in the show Aap Ki Adalat in 1992, where he quoted to the interviewer Rajat Sharma , "I would just ask if I am arrogant, how come all these producers made so many films with me. My fans who turned this actor into

9888-579: Was named as one of "the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by CNN-News18 . In 1973, BBC made a documentary on him, named Bombay Superstar as a part of the series, Man Alive . A textbook prescribed by the Mumbai University contained an essay, "The Charisma of Rajesh Khanna!" Khanna acted alongside Mumtaz in ten films. She stated "I would pull his leg and tease him about his fan following. Whenever Rajesh entered

9991-578: Was published by Penguin Books . In 2022, his biography Rajesh Khanna The Most Versatile Superstar Actor of Hindi Cinema by Narayanan Subramanian was released. In 2018, a one kilometre fitness trail in Lajpat Nagar National Park was named after Khanna, which was inaugurated by his wife Dimple Kapadia. Khanna won seven All-India Critics Association (AICA) Best Actor Awards, and received 10 nominations. He won four Best Actor Awards in

10094-572: Was raised in Varkala , Trivandrum , India, alongside his eight siblings—three brothers and five sisters. His father, Vasudevan, worked as a canteen operator at the Singapore Naval Base before returning to India to establish a cinema theatre, Varkala Sasi. Joshiy’s father died when he was six years old, after which his elder brother Shashankan and brother-in-law Sreenivasan (who named him Joshy) took on family responsibilities and expanded

10197-465: Was released and had two daughters from the marriage. Their elder daughter Twinkle Khanna is an actress who is married to actor Akshay Kumar , while they also have a younger daughter Rinke Khanna . Khanna died on 18 July 2012, after a period of illness. He has been honoured with a stamp and statue in his likeness, and a road renamed after him by the Prime Minister of India . Rajesh Khanna

10300-720: Was released in 1970. It became the first Indian film to gross £100,000 in the UK, equivalent to ₹ 900,000 (US$ 118,940.64). Its UK box office record was broken a year later by Purab Aur Paschim , which released in the UK in 1971. The huge box office success of Aradhana and Do Raaste was followed by a superhit in Narendra Bedi 's romantic drama Bandhan again with Mumtaz, a hit in Yash Chopra 's songless mystery thriller Ittefaq co-starring Nanda , followed by another successful film, Doli alongside Babita to go with

10403-651: Was reported that Khanna's health had been deteriorating for some time. On 23 June he was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai due to health complications. He was discharged on 8 July from the hospital and was reportedly fine. On 14 July, Khanna was readmitted to the Lilavati Hospital , but was discharged on 16 July. He died on 18 July 2012, at his bungalow, Aashirwad, in Mumbai. Sources confirmed that his health had been deteriorating since July 2011 as he

10506-431: Was the biggest and the most real star Bollywood has produced. I'd say stardom is that feeling of being possessed by your idol; you are so overwhelmed with euphoria you lose touch with reality." The trend of wearing guru kurtas and belts on shirts became famous because of Khanna. Actor Salman Khan has stated: "I, Shahrukh or Aamir have not even achieved 10% of what Khanna had in acting or his stardom." In June 2012, it

10609-654: Was the first Hindi film ever to be shot in Mauritius and had a chartbuster soundtrack composed by Usha Khanna with songs "Shayad Meri Shaadi Ka Khayal" and "Zindagi Pyaar Ka Geet Hai" topping the musical charts that year. The film went on to become a superhit and also one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1980s. Khanna completed his hat-trick with another hit in Lekh Tandon 's Agar Tum Na Hote . With three back-to-back hits in 1983, he proved that audience still adored him. His good run continued in 1984 with

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