12-572: Jimon ( 寺門 ) and Sanmon ( 山門 ) , also known as the Enchin and Ennin factions, respectively, were rival branches of the Tendai sect of Buddhism created in the 9th century and based on Mount Hiei just outside Kyoto . Jimon's head temple was Mii-dera , at the foot of Mount Hiei , while the Sanmon sect was based at Enryaku-ji , at the summit of the mountain. The origins of the schism began with
24-413: A rivalry between the lineages of two disciples of the founder of Tendai Buddhism, Saicho , named Ennin and Enchin , over who would be the zasu ( 座主 , "abbot") of Enryaku-ji temple, rather than based on differing opinions on dogma or doctrine. Following the deaths of Enchin in 891, this rivalry only deepened, and by 923 the 18th abbot, Ryōgen , further enflamed this rivalry, as he sought to solidify
36-437: Is said to have supported the worship of native gods ( kami ) and certain elements of Confucianism . In a memorial speech in 887, he noted the respect the court of Tang China had for Japan because of Japan's encouragement and welcoming of the ideals of li ( Chinese : 禮 ) and yi ( Chinese : 義 ). He warned that though Enryaku-ji was founded with the native gods in mind, "no such officiating monks are provided for
48-819: The Genpei War broke out in 1180, the warrior monks of the two sects found themselves on opposing sides, the Enryaku-ji Sanmon monks supporting the Taira clan while Mii-dera's Jimon monks supported the Minamoto clan . Only after the end of the Genpei War and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate did the conflicts between the two sects settle down. However, the division and disagreement lasted several centuries longer, until both temples were destroyed by
60-603: The Ennin lineage's hold not just on Enryaku-ji, but as the sole representatives of the Tendai sect at the Imperial court. For example, in the Ōwa Debate of 963, the Tendai side of the debate included Ryōgen and his close associates in the same lineage, despite more qualified and eminent monks from the Tendai sect being available. Subsequent conflicts were often the result of a monk from one faction becoming appointed Abbot ( zasu ) of
72-519: The factions. Monks of the Enchin lineage were driven out of Enryaku-ji and moved down the mountain to Mii-dera forming the jimon ( 寺門 , "Temple Gate") faction, while the monks of the Ennin lineage who remained at Enryaku-ji formed the sanmon ( 山門 , "Mountain Gate") faction. Along with other major temples in the capital, both sects formed the first standing armies of warrior monks, called sōhei . When
84-413: The followers of the two zasu finally broke out into a violent conflict. Rivalres between the followers of different zasu were not anything new at that time. During his twelve years on Hiei, Enchin himself saw a conflict between direct disciples of Saichō (namely Enchō and Kōshō ) and the disciples of his own master, the second Tendai zasu Gishin . After the death of Gishin, his main follower, Enshu,
96-469: The foot of Mount Hiei . After succeeding to the post of Tendai zasu ( 座主 , "Head of the Tendai Order") , in 873, a strong rivalry developed between his followers and those of Ennin 's at Enryaku-ji (note: Ennin had died in 864). The rivalry was largely geographical, and was not based much on sectarian differences over interpretations of practice or doctrine; nevertheless, the friction between
108-548: The forces of Oda Nobunaga at the end of the 16th century. Though it is unclear when the names Jimon and Sanmon fell out of use, and when the two temples ceased fighting, the destruction of both temples by a greater, larger outside force brought a definite end to their quarrels. Enchin Enchin ( 円珍 ) (814–891) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who founded of the Jimon school of Tendai Buddhism and Chief Abbot of Mii-dera at
120-621: The main deities of the mountain . This is certainly a breach of Li. There ought to be two monks to worship the two gods." Gishin Gishin ( Persian : گيشين , also Romanized as Gīshīn ) is a village in Derakhtengan Rural District , in the Central District of Kerman County , Kerman Province , Iran . At the 2006 census, its population was 6, in 5 families. This Kerman County location article
132-493: The other faction's temple, or of one faction not being invited to events, conferences, or festivals held by the other. For example, in 981, the Imperial court appointed one Yokei (Enchin lineage) as abbot of Hosshō-ji temple, which led to a protest by the Ennin lineage. 160 monks of Ennin's lineage marched on the Chancellor's mansion threatening violence if the appointment was not rescinded. In 993, fighting broke out between
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#1732793244627144-478: Was elected as the third zasu , but Enchō and Kōshō objected and finally forced Enshu and his followers to leave Mount Hiei. Most significantly, Enchin united the Tendai school's teachings with those of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism , and interpreted the Lotus Sutra from the point of view of esoteric teachings as well as used Tendai terminology in order to explain the esoteric Mahavairocana Tantra . Enchin
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