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46-805: [REDACTED] Look up jingu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Jingu may refer to: People [ edit ] Empress Jingū (c. AD 169–269) Toshio Jingu (born 1948), a Japanese fencer Other uses [ edit ] Jingu Stadium , Tokyo, Japan Jingū, a name for Shinto shrines connected to the Imperial House of Japan Busanjin District , South Korea, abbreviated locally as "Jin-gu" Ise Grand Shrine , known simply as Jingū ( The Shrine ) Other shrines called by this at list of Jingu Jingū taima , an ofuda issued by

92-536: A "promised land" (sometimes interpreted as lands on the Korean Peninsula ). She then returned to Japan victorious after three years of conquest where she was proclaimed as Empress. But all of that is known to be revised history of early royalties of Japan, the primary purpose of these two history books was to give the new Fujiwara dynasty a credible family tree. Unlike the Kojiki , which attempted no dates,

138-827: A lack of correct punctuation, the writing can be translated in 4 different ways. This same Stele can also be interpreted as saying Korea crossed the strait and forced Japan into subjugation, depending on where the sentence is punctuated. An investigation done by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2006 suggested that the inscription could also be interpreted as "Silla and Baekje were dependent states of Yamato Japan." The imperialist reasoning for occupation eventually led to an emotional repulsion from Jingu after World War II had ended as she had symbolized Japan's nationalistic foreign policy . Historian Chizuko Allen notes that while these feelings are understandable, they are not academically justifiable. The overall popularity of

184-479: A massive archaeological hoax was exposed. Things changed in 2008 when Japan allowed limited access to Jingū's kofun to foreign archaeologists, who were able to determine that the tomb likely dated to the 4th century AD. The examination also discovered haniwa terracotta figures. Empress Jingū is also enshrined at Sumiyoshi-taisha in Osaka , which was established in the 11th year of her reign (211 AD). According to

230-528: A millennium later was about twenty-seven. The second volume of the Kojiki (中巻 or "Nakatsumaki") states that the Korean kingdom of Baekje (百済 or "Kudara") paid tribute to Japan under "Tribute from Korea". This is based on kojiki 's claim that the Seven-Branched Sword was a tribute paid to Jinmu, when in actuality the translation of the scriptures on the sword itself clearly indicates that

276-538: A regent in the late 4th century AD or late 5th century AD. There is no evidence to suggest that the title tennō was used during the time to which Jingū's regency has been assigned. It is certainly possible that she was a chieftain or local clan leader, and that the polity she ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern-day Japan. The name Jingū was more than likely assigned to her posthumously by later generations; during her lifetime she would have been called Okinaga-Tarashi respectively. Empress Jingū

322-645: Is a lack of evidence of Jingū's rule in Korea, or the existence of Jingū as an actual historical figure. This suggests that the accounts given are either fictional or an inaccurate/misleading account of events that occurred. According to the book " From Paekchae Korea to the Origin of Yamato Japan ", the Japanese had misinterpreted the Gwanggaeto Stele . The Stele was a tribute to a Korean king, but because of

368-478: Is attested. While the location of Jingū's grave (if any) is unknown, she is traditionally venerated at a kofun and at a shrine. It is accepted today that Empress Jingū reigned as a regent until her son became Emperor Ōjin upon her death. She was additionally the last de facto ruler of the Yayoi period . The Japanese have traditionally accepted this regent's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Jingū

414-416: Is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , which are collectively known as Kiki ( 記紀 ) or Japanese chronicles . These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. According to extrapolations from mythology, Jingū's birth name

460-547: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Empress Jing%C5%AB Jingū's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 201 to 269 AD, and was considered to be the 15th Japanese imperial ruler until the Meiji period. Modern historians have come to the conclusion that the name "Jingū" was used by later generations to describe this legendary Empress. It has also been proposed that Jingū actually reigned later than she

506-461: Is that Chūai's son ( Homutawake ) became the next Emperor after Jingū acted as a regent. She would have been de facto ruler in the interim. Empress consort Jingū is regarded by historians as a legendary figure, as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. The lack of this information has made her very existence open to debate. If Empress Jingū was an actual figure, investigations of her tomb suggest she may have been

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552-707: Is the ancestral god of Tajima Province and is supposedly enshrined in the Shinto Shrine ( Izushi jinja ) at Toyooka in Hyōgo Prefecture . Seven or eight treasures brought by Amenohiboko are thought to be housed in Izushi Shrine in Hyōgo Prefecture . According to the Nihon Shoki , "In Kagami Village, Omi Province , there was a craftsman of Suebe who served the prince of Silla, Amenohiboko, who came to Japan." However, at present, early Sueki

598-604: Is traditionally venerated at a kofun -type Imperial tomb in Nara . This kofun is also known as the "Gosashi tomb", and is managed by the Imperial Household Agency . The tomb was restricted from archaeology studies in 1976 as the tomb dates back to the founding of a central Japanese state under imperial rule. The Imperial Household Agency had also cited "tranquility and dignity" concerns in making their decision. Serious ethics concerns had been raised in 2000 after

644-509: The Nihon Shoki does date events. Its chronology is unreliable until the fifth century; most events in the fourth century were placed 120 years too early, when compared with continental histories. Before the fourth century, the Nihongi ’s dates are not reliable at all. For example, Japan's first dozen emperors are given an average of over a century of life, when the lifespan for Japanese

690-469: The Kiki , Empress Jingū gave birth to a baby boy whom she named Homutawake (aka Emperor Ōjin ) following her return from Korean conquest. The legend alleges that her son was conceived but unborn when Emperor Chūai died. As three more years would pass before Homutawake was finally born, this claim appears to be mythical and symbolic rather than real. Scholar William George Aston has suggested that this claim

736-459: The Korean Peninsula is now considered controversial and up for debate due to the complete lack of evidence and involvement of both the Japanese and Korean points of view. According to the Nihon Shoki , the king of Baekje gifted Jingū a Seven-Branched Sword sometime in 253 AD. Empress Jingū was the de facto ruler until her death in 269 at the age of 100. The modern traditional view

782-512: The Yalu , which forms the western half of the present border of North Korea. Would Jingu, if she were indeed a native of Japan, have even heard of this river? Why should she consider an oath by this remote northern spot especially binding? The ”King of Silla " might have knowledge of this river in memories which the Eastern Buyeo had brought down to Gaya with them. The oath indicates that

828-417: The sunlight touched her vagina and she gave birth to a red ball on the spot. A passerby witnessed the event and pleaded her to give the ball to him where he finally took possession of it. One day, the man was walking with his cow to deliver some provisions when Amenohiboko (then a Silla prince) saw him and mistook him for trying to eat the cow. After being imprisoned, the man begged to be set free, offering

874-574: The 6th century. The Chinese Book of Song of the Liu Song dynasty also allegedly notes the Japanese presence in the Korean Peninsula, while the Book of Sui says that Japan provided military support to Baekje and Silla. In 1883, a memorial stele for the tomb of King Gwanggaeto (374 – 413) of Goguryeo was discovered and hence named the Gwanggaeto Stele . An issue arose though, when

920-524: The Government Printing Bureau as his model for Jingū. This picture was also used for 1908/14 postage stamps, the first postage stamps of Japan to show a woman. A revised design by Yoshida Toyo was used for the 1924/37 Jingū design stamps. The usage of a Jingū design ended with a new stamp series in 1939. Excluding the legendary Empress Jingū, there were eight reigning empresses and their successors were most often selected from amongst

966-614: The Ise Grand Shrine Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jingu . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jingu&oldid=1154846844 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Japanese-language surnames Hidden categories: Short description

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1012-451: The Jingū theory has been declining since the 1970s due to concerns raised about available evidence. In 1881, Empress Jingū became the first woman to be featured on a Japanese banknote . As no actual images of this legendary figure are known to exist, the representation of Jingū which was artistically contrived by Edoardo Chiossone is entirely conjectural; Chiossone used a female employee of

1058-635: The Toko-ji Temple; title posthumously restored in 943 was made High Empress or de jure empress dowager during her husband's reign Amenohiboko Amenohiboko ( 天日槍 ) was a legendary prince of Silla who settled in Japan during the era of Emperor Suinin , around the 3rd or 4th century and was said to have lived in Tajima Province . His descendants are the Tajima clan . Amenohiboko

1104-443: The eastern coast of Korea . The route followed is reasonable and militarily brilliant. However, in order to revise history and make Jingu a Japanese, the court histories needed to start Jingu from Kyushu and take her to Koryong and then backtrack southward (in other words she passed peacefully over south Korean territory, and then reversed her route, fighting all the way). An interesting little indication of Jingu's ancestral roots in

1150-476: The extrapolated birth year of his granddaughter Jingū ). At some point in time she wed Tarashinakahiko (or Tarashinakatsuhiko), who would later be known as Emperor Chūai and bore him one child under a now disputed set of events. Jingū would serve as "Empress consort" during Chūai's reign until his death in 200 AD. Emperor Chūai died in 200 AD, having been killed directly or indirectly in battle by rebel forces. Okinagatarashi-hime no Mikoto then turned her rage on

1196-530: The extreme north, near the mighty Yalu River , someway crept into the Nihongi and has been preserved; perhaps not being understood. It goes as follows: When Jingu subjugated "the King of Silla ," he promised to faithfully serve her as a vassal "until the "River Arinarae" runs backward in its course." William George Aston , the Nihongi 's translator had no nationalistic ax to grind, and he considered this river to be

1242-665: The guardian Kami prevented him from entering the land and he had to stop in Tajima where he stayed. He then found another wife named "Maemitsu (前津見)". The original wife who had arrived in Namba became a deity to its people and was called "Akaruhime (阿加流比売)". Scholars have compared the story of Akaruhime's birth with the red ball to other similar legends that were told in the region, the most similar stories being Chumo of Goguryeo , Suro of Geumgwan Gaya and Hyeokgeose of Silla all being born from an egg. They point to Chumo's story in particular where his mother, Lady Yuhwa (daughter of

1288-501: The inscriptions describing events during the king's reign were found to be in bad condition with portions illegible. At the center of the disagreement is the "sinmyo passage" of year 391 as it can be interpreted in multiple ways. Korean scholars maintain that it states the Goguryeo subjugated Baekje and Silla, while Japanese scholars have traditionally interpreted that Wa had at one time subjugated Baekje and Silla. The stele soon caught

1334-503: The interest of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office , who obtained a rubbed copy from its member Kageaki Sakō in 1884. They particularly became intrigued over the passage describing the king's military campaigns for the sinmyo in 391 AD. Additional research was done by some officers in the Japanese army and navy, and the rubbed copy was later published in 1889. The interpretation

1380-613: The king of the territory referred to as ” Silla " in later times (eighth century) and Jingu shared a common heritage. While returning to Japan she was nearly shipwrecked but managed to survive thanks to praying to Watatsumi , and she made the shrine to honor him. Ikasuri Shrine and Ikuta Shrine and Watatsumi Shrine were both also made at the same time by the Empress. She then ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne as Empress Jingū, and legend continues by saying that her son

1426-535: The males of the paternal Imperial bloodline, which is why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained in the 21st century. Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed. Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   individuals that were given

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1472-467: The rebels whom she vanquished in a fit of revenge. She led an army in an invasion of a "promised land" (sometimes interpreted as lands on the Korean Peninsula ), and returned to Japan victorious after three years. The Nihongi of 720 A.D. gives Jingu's route of conquest, beginning with Koryong (Taegu) and continuing southward, overrunning the Gaya League cities and pushing the resisting remnants up

1518-527: The red ball as compensation. After accepting the offer, Amenohiboko brought the red ball home where it turned into a fully grown woman of great beauty. The prince decided to marry the woman and the two lived relatively happily until Amenohiboko lashed out at his newly wedded wife for a trivial reason. The woman became upset and stated that she was going to return to her "homeland", then got on a small boat and sailed to Namba . Realizing his mistake and seeking for forgiveness, Amenohiboko set sail to Namba himself, but

1564-490: The river god Habaek ) was touched by the sunlight on to her private parts where she became pregnant with an egg which later hatched into Chumo. Historians claim that such repertoire in Asian mythology is common between Siberian to northeastern civilizations and that the story of Amenohiboko and Akaruhime was heavily influenced by Korean legends of the same premise (both individuals originating from Silla). Another theory points to

1610-438: The similarities between Amenohiboko and the story of Yeonorang and Seonyeo . This theory revolves around the involvement of individuals of Silla unintentionally immigrating to Japan with heavy elements alluding to the importance of the sun . Though the possibilities of Yeono and Seo becoming the king and queen of Japan are highly unlikely, the chances of immigrants with great importance becoming royalty were not uncommon, and like

1656-538: The story of Yeonorang and Seonyeo, the story of Amenohiboko was also deemed similar. His descendant became the mother to Empress Jingū , a controversial queen who allegedly invaded and conquered the self-declared "promised land", often interpreted as the Korean peninsula . World-renowned linguist and Japanese language expert Alexander Vovin state that due to Amenohiboko being of Korean origin, Jingū and her son and successor, Emperor Ōjin might have been native speakers of

1702-402: The sword was a gift given by the prince of Baekje to his tributary/vessel state; Wei. The Nihon Shoki states that Jingū conquered a region in southern Korea in the 3rd century AD naming it "Mimana". One of the main proponents of this theory was Japanese scholar Suematsu Yasukazu, who in 1949 proposed that Mimana was a Japanese colony on the Korean peninsula that existed from the 3rd until

1748-433: The title of empress posthumously individuals elevated to the rank of empress due to their position as honorary mother of the emperor Shōshi served briefly as honorary empress for her younger brother Emperor Go-Daigo Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   individuals that were given the title of empress dowager posthumously title removed in 896 due to a suspected affair with head priest of

1794-404: Was Okinaga-Tarashi ( 息長帯比売 ) , she was born sometime in 169 AD. Her father was named Okinaganosukune ( 息長宿禰王 ) , and her mother Kazurakinotakanuka-hime ( 葛城高額媛 ) . Her mother is noted for being a descendant of Amenohiboko ( 天日槍 ) , a legendary prince of Korea (despite the fact that Amenohiboko is believed to have moved to Japan between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, at least 100 years after

1840-483: Was actually Yamatohime-no-mikoto and that Wa armies obtained control of southern Korea. Yamatohime-no-Mikoto supposedly founded the Ise Shrine in tribute to the sun-goddess Amaterasu . While historian Higo Kazuo suggested that she is a daughter of Emperor Kōrei (Yamatototohimomosohime-no-Mikoto). Both the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki give accounts of how Okinaga-Tarashi (Jingū) led an army to invade

1886-533: Was actually the shaman-queen Himiko . The kiki does not include any mentions of Queen Himiko , and the circumstances under which these books were written is a matter of unending debate. Even if such a person was known to the authors of the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, they may have intentionally decided not to include her. However, they do include imperial-family shamans identified with her which include Jingū. Modern scholars such as Naitō Torajirō have stated that Jingū

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1932-484: Was conceived but unborn when Chūai died. According to a certain source Empress Jingu had sex with the god Azumi-no-isora while pregnant with Emperor Ojin after he said from the womb that it was acceptable, and then Azumi no Isora gave her the tide jewels , and she later strapped a stone to her stomach to delay the birth of her son. After those three years she gave birth to a baby boy whom she named Homutawake . The narrative of Empress Jingū invading and conquering

1978-469: Was later removed from the imperial lineage during the reign of Emperor Meiji as a way of making sure the lineage remained unbroken. This occurred when examining the emperors of the Northern Court and Southern Court of the fourteenth century. Focus was given on who should be the "true" ancestors of those who occupied the throne. While the actual site of Jingū's grave is not known, this regent

2024-454: Was made by Japanese scholars at the time that the "Wa" had occupied and controlled the Korean Peninsula. The legends of Empress Jingū's conquest of Korea could have then been used by Imperial Japan as reasoning for their annexation of Korea in 1910 as "restoring" unity between the two countries. As it was, imperialists had already used this historical claim to justify expansion into the Korean Peninsula. The main issue with an invasion scenario

2070-475: Was misinterpreted, and instead refers to a period of less than nine months containing three "years" (some seasons), e.g. three harvests . If Ōjin was an actual historical figure then historians have proposed that he ruled later than attested years of 270 to 310 AD. Jingū's identity has since been questioned by medieval and modern scholars whom have put forward different theories. Kitabatake Chikafusa (1293–1354) and Arai Hakuseki (1657–1725) asserted that she

2116-638: Was not found at Kagamiyama ruins of old kilns in Ryuocho, Shiga Prefecture, which is closely linked to this description, or either in Tajima region where Amenohiboko is said to have lived. Amenohiboko is attributed, in legend, some parts of Toyooka City . His descendant became the mother to Empress Jingū . According to the Kojiki , a woman was laying down near a swamp called "Anuguma (阿具奴摩/阿具沼)" in Silla, where

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