Misplaced Pages

#142857

105-649: A number of organizations throughout the world support the objectives of "One Health" including the One Health Commission (OHC), One Health Initiative, One Health Platform, CDC One Health Office, and the Quadripartite Organizations. The Quadripartite Organizations are: In particular, the One Health High Level Expert Panel, an independent advisory group to the Quadripartite Organizations, provided

210-489: A New York Times op-ed calling on President Joe Biden to unblock "critical resources and authority that states and the federal government can use to meet the surge in demand for reproductive health services." On April 2, 2024, Smith published an essay, "I Hope to Repeal an Arcane Law That Could Be Misused to Ban Abortion Nationwide", in The New York Times . In March 2019, Smith and 37 other senators signed

315-644: A master's degree in business administration from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College . In 1984, Smith moved to Minnesota for a marketing job at General Mills . She later started her own marketing firm, where she consulted with businesses and nonprofits . In the early 1990s, Smith became involved in local politics, volunteering for DFL campaigns in Minneapolis . She managed Ted Mondale's unsuccessful 1998 campaign for governor. After Minnesota's U.S. Senator Paul Wellstone died in

420-455: A plane crash weeks before the 2002 election, Smith managed former U.S. Vice President Walter Mondale's campaign for the seat. After Mondale lost a narrow election to Norm Coleman , Smith began working as the vice president of external affairs at Planned Parenthood of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. In 2006, Smith left her job at Planned Parenthood to serve as chief of staff to Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak . In 2010 she

525-475: A state senator from St. Marys Point , with 53% of the vote to Housley's 42%. Minnesota was seen as a swing state in the 2020 presidential election , which made Smith a swing-state Democrat up for reelection. Her campaign focused on delivering results for Minnesotans on local issues, such as farming in southern Minnesota, police brutality in wake of the George Floyd protests and North Shore drilling in

630-602: A One Health resolution to promote partnering between veterinary and human medical organizations in 2007, and a One Health approach was recommended for responses to global disease outbreaks in 2007. Building on these initiatives, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and World Health Organization (WHO) came together with the United Nations Children's Fund ( UNICEF ), United Nations System Influenza Coordination, and

735-693: A better understanding of environmental factors that impact disease dynamics. The management board is made up of Ab Osterhaus , John Mackenzie, and Chris Vanlangendonck. The organization has nine objectives, which include: The One Health Platform was responsible for organizing the World One Health Congress meeting each year 2015 - 2020. The next World One Health Congress scheduled for 2022 continued in Singapore hosted by SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute. FAO works closely with WOAH (formerly OIE) and WHO, referred to all together as

840-654: A bipartisan letter to the housing subcommittee praising the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development 's Section 4 Capacity Building program as authorizing "HUD to partner with national nonprofit community development organizations to provide education, training, and financial support to local community development corporations (CDCs) across the country" and expressing disappointment that President Trump's budget "has slated this program for elimination after decades of successful economic and community development." The senators wrote of their hope that

945-631: A career employee, or as a political appointment that does not require Senate confirmation , with the latter method typically being used. The director serves at the pleasure of the President and may be fired at any time. On January 20, 2025, the CDC Director position will change to require Senate confirmation, due to a provision in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 . The CDC Director concurrently serves as

1050-458: A case study was undertaken by a team of researchers to explore the health implications linked to the land application of biosolids within the framework of One Health. This investigation encompassed the One Health study design across all three health domains, revealing certain limitations encountered when applying One Health research in practical settings. These obstacles encompass, among others,

1155-419: A comprehensive book, CDC Health Information for International Travel , which is commonly known as the "yellow book." The book is available online and in print as a new edition every other year and includes current travel health guidelines, vaccine recommendations, and information on specific travel destinations . The CDC also issues travel health notices on its website, consisting of three levels: The CDC uses

SECTION 10

#1732779533143

1260-556: A comprehensive definition of One Health, whereby: "One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of humans, animals, plants and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing

1365-565: A department at the University of California, Davis , to jointly address issues in the animal and human health sciences. In 2004, The Wildlife Conservation Society held a conference called "One World, One Health" at Rockefeller University in New York. Out of that conference the twelve Manhattan Principles were created to describe a unified approach to preventing epidemic diseases. These principles emphasized links between humans, animals, and

1470-560: A few. The organization would also prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of penicillin . In May 1994 the CDC admitted having sent samples of communicable diseases to the Iraqi government from 1984 through 1989 which were subsequently repurposed for biological warfare, including Botulinum toxin , West Nile virus , Yersinia pestis and Dengue fever virus. On April 21, 2005, then–CDC Director Julie Gerberding formally announced

1575-440: A flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance" since becoming president and that by preventing the use of Fiscal Year 2018 national security funding he was "personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity". The senators argued that foreign assistance to Central American countries decreased migration to the U.S. by helping to improve conditions in those countries. In March 2024, Smith urged

1680-518: A floor speech on racial justice, she called for passage of the bill along with the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act to end the "failed policy" of cannabis prohibition that "contributes to mass incarceration and over-policing of communities of color ". In April 2019, Smith and 33 other senators signed a letter to then-President Donald Trump asserting that Trump had "consistently expressed

1785-490: A letter to US Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue warning that dairy farmers "have continued to face market instability and are struggling to survive the fourth year of sustained low prices" and urging his department to "strongly encourage these farmers to consider the Dairy Margin Coverage program." In November 2018, Smith and 24 other Democratic senators cosponsored a resolution in response to findings of

1890-602: A letter to Commissioner of Food and Drugs Scott Gottlieb stating their approval of the Food and Drug Administration 's actions to hinder youth access to e-cigarettes and urging the FDA "to take additional, stronger steps to prevent and reduce e-cigarette use among youth." In July 2020, Smith introduced the Substance Regulation and Safety Act to legalize cannabis at the federal level and direct federal agencies to develop various regulations regarding cannabis. During

1995-484: A letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging him to reverse the rolling back of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions that were not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBTQ individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities" and that refusing to let LGBTQ diplomats bring their partners to

2100-405: A list of the latest safety information, side effects, and answers to common questions about CDC recommended vaccines. The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) works with a network of healthcare organizations to share data on vaccine safety and adverse events. The Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) project is a network of vaccine experts and health centers that research and assist the CDC in

2205-710: A measure against the spread of antibiotic resistance in the United States. This initiative has a budget of $ 161   million and includes the development of the Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network . Globally, the CDC works with other organizations to address global health challenges and contain disease threats at their source. They work with many international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as ministries of health and other groups on

SECTION 20

#1732779533143

2310-778: A much more significant role in legislative negotiations than her predecessors. She spent a significant amount of time traveling the state in support of the priorities of Dayton's administration, including funding for optional preschool for all four-year-olds, transportation infrastructure, and rural broadband internet access. She also served as chair of the Destination Medical Center board until her resignation in December 2017. In 2016 Roll Call named Smith to its "America's Top 25 Most Influential Women in State Politics" list, citing her high-profile role in

2415-488: A number of notable training and fellowship programs, including those indicated below. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is composed of "boots-on-the-ground disease detectives" who investigate public health problems domestically and globally. When called upon by a governmental body, EIS officers may embark on short-term epidemiological assistance assignments, or "Epi-Aids", to provide technical expertise in containing and investigating disease outbreaks. The EIS program

2520-399: A number of tools to monitor the safety of vaccines. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national vaccine safety surveillance program run by CDC and the FDA. "VAERS detects possible safety issues with U.S. vaccines by collecting information about adverse events (possible side effects or health problems) after vaccination." The CDC's Safety Information by Vaccine page provides

2625-637: A one-minute video to the Washington Press Club Foundation’s annual congressional dinner "roasting" U.S. Representative Dean Phillips over his campaign in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries to challenge President Joe Biden for the Democratic Party's nomination for president. Smith previously served on the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources from January 10, 2018, to January 3, 2019, during

2730-676: A period of 65 years; the Atlanta City Council had voted to do so the prior December. The CDC and Emory University had requested that the Atlanta city government annex the area, paving the way for a MARTA expansion through the Emory campus, funded by city tax dollars. The headquarters were located in an unincorporated area , statistically in the Druid Hills census-designated place . On August 17, 2022, Dr. Walensky said

2835-410: A physician, and Kathryn Bowers, a science journalist, published the book Zoobiquity , coining the term as they drew parallels between animal and human health through vivid case studies. They called for the biomedical scientific and clinical communities to rediscover comparative medicine and reexamine human and animal health in terms of evolution and the environment. A New York Times bestseller,

2940-476: A task force and have teleconferences to discuss One Health. This One Health Initiative Task Force created a report in 2008 which outlined recommendations to: The One Health Commission (OHC) was chartered in Washington, D.C. in 2009 as a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. Its mission is to connect individuals and create relationships across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, as well as to educate

3045-526: A variety of countries including Pakistan , Tanzania , Thailand , Uzbekistan and China . Diseases most commonly prioritized include rabies , brucellosis , influenza , Ebola virus , and Rift Valley fever . To ensure fair and community-oriented investment in One Health initiatives that involve multiple institutional and international partners, it is crucial to strengthen their governance foundations. The global One Health community can learn three important lessons to make One Health more inclusive. In 2017,

3150-510: Is Cheryl Stroud, a veterinarian, who has held the position since 2013. The One Health Commission began in 2014 compiling a Who's Who in One Health, a Directory of organizations around the world that are actively working to further the One Health paradigm shift. The OHC also oversees a Global One Health Community listserv. In addition the commission has a webpage known as the One Health Library with many types of resources available on

3255-659: Is a member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ), an affiliate of the Democratic Party . Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico , Smith moved to Minnesota in the 1980s to work for General Mills and later became the vice president of Planned Parenthood of Minnesota . She then began a career as a political consultant and organizer for local Democratic candidates. Smith managed Walter Mondale 's unsuccessful last-minute campaign in

One Health - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-511: Is a model for the international Field Epidemiology Training Program . The CDC also operates the Public Health Associate Program (PHAP), a two-year paid fellowship for recent college graduates to work in public health agencies all over the United States. PHAP was founded in 2007 and currently has 159 associates in 34 states. The Director of CDC is a Senior Executive Service position that may be filled either by

3465-430: Is dangerous to our democracy and to public safety." She said that Representatives Michelle Fischbach and Jim Hagedorn , who objected to certifying the election, "were complicit in pushing for the president's big lie ", and also called on Senators Ted Cruz and Josh Hawley to resign for objecting to the certification of the election and spreading falsehoods about election integrity. On January 31, 2024, Smith sent

3570-854: Is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services , and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia . The agency's main goal is the protection of public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability in the US and worldwide. The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease , food borne pathogens , environmental health , occupational safety and health , health promotion , injury prevention , and educational activities designed to improve

3675-491: The 2002 United States Senate election in Minnesota after incumbent senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash 11 days before the election. After Mondale lost, Smith served as chief of staff to Mayor of Minneapolis R. T. Rybak . She then helped run Mark Dayton 's successful campaign for Governor of Minnesota in 2010 . After his victory, Dayton named Smith his chief of staff. Later, for Dayton's reelection campaign in

3780-451: The 2014 election , Smith was named as Dayton's pick for lieutenant governor . After winning her first election to public office, Smith served from 2015 to 2018 as Minnesota's 48th lieutenant governor. Dayton then appointed her to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Al Franken 's resignation in 2018. She won the 2018 special election and was elected to a full term in 2020 . Smith was born on March 4, 1958, in Albuquerque, New Mexico ,

3885-574: The 2014 gubernatorial election . He cited Smith's work on passing legislation for new Minnesota Vikings Stadium , as well as her support for the Destination Medical Center project with the Mayo Clinic in Rochester . Smith stepped down as Dayton's chief of staff to campaign for lieutenant governor. After being nominated by acclamation at the DFL state convention, and facing only token opposition in

3990-582: The Duluth area, and took strong positions on national issues such as the Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination . Smith defeated Republican nominee Jason Lewis with 48.8% of the vote to Lewis's 43.5%, thus winning her first full six-year Senate term. With Vice President Mike Pence administering the oath of office , Smith was officially sworn in as a U.S. Senator on January 3, 2018, alongside Doug Jones of Alabama . She

4095-603: The Ebola virus . The program, called the Federal Select Agent Program, calls for inspections of labs in the U.S. that work with dangerous pathogens. During the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa , the CDC helped coordinate the return of two infected American aid workers for treatment at Emory University Hospital , the home of a special unit to handle highly infectious diseases. As a response to

4200-748: The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) report and National Climate Assessment. The resolution affirmed the senators' acceptance of the findings and their support for bold action to address climate change . Smith was a member of the Senate Democrats' Special Committee on the Climate Crisis, which published a report of its findings in August 2020. In a 2021 letter, Smith and four colleagues wrote to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg to criticize

4305-636: The Korean War spurred the creation of the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) as a two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology. The success of the EIS program led to the launch of Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETP) in 1980, training more than 18,000 disease detectives in over 80 countries. In 2020, FETP celebrated the 40th anniversary of the CDC's support for Thailand's Field Epidemiology Training Program. Thailand

One Health - Misplaced Pages Continue

4410-933: The Public Health Service Act to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector, including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and individuals. From 1995 to 2022, the Foundation raised over $ 1.6 billion and launched more than 1,200 health programs. Bill Cosby formerly served as a member of the Foundation's Board of Directors, continuing as an honorary member after completing his term. The Foundation engages in research projects and health programs in more than 160 countries every year, including in focus areas such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , emergency response , and infectious diseases , particularly HIV/AIDS , Ebola , rotavirus , and COVID-19 . In 2015, BMJ associate editor Jeanne Lenzer raised concerns that

4515-565: The Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973 , it was promoted to being a principal operating agency of PHS. It was renamed to the plural Centers for Disease Control effective October 14, 1980, as the modern organization of having multiple constituent centers was established. By 1990, it had four centers formed in the 1980s: the Center for Infectious Diseases, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,

4620-757: The World Bank to develop a framework entitled Contributing to One World, One Health-A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystems Interface in 2008, reiterating recommendations for a One Health approach to global health. This framework was expanded and implementable policies were developed at Stone Mountain, Georgia in May 2010. International meetings on One Health were held in 2011 in Africa and Australia. In 2012, Barbara Natterson-Horowitz ,

4725-605: The "gift" was Robert W. Woodruff , chairman of the board of The Coca-Cola Company . Woodruff had a long-time interest in malaria control, which had been a problem in areas where he went hunting. The same year, the PHS transferred its San Francisco based plague laboratory into the CDC as the Epidemiology Division, and a new Veterinary Diseases Division was established. In 1951, Chief Epidemiologist Alexander Langmuir's warnings of potential biological warfare during

4830-564: The 2014 Ebola outbreak, Congress passed a Continuing Appropriations Resolution allocating $ 30,000,000 towards CDC's efforts to fight the virus. The CDC also works on non-communicable diseases, including chronic diseases caused by obesity , physical inactivity and tobacco-use. The work of the Division for Cancer Prevention and Control, led from 2010 by Lisa C. Richardson , is also within this remit. The CDC implemented their National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria as

4935-652: The Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry . Twenty directors have served the CDC or its predecessor agencies, including three who have served during the Trump administration (including Anne Schuchat who twice served as acting director) and three who have served during the Carter administration (including one acting director not shown here). Two served under Bill Clinton, but only one under

5040-639: The Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act into the United States Senate and House of Representatives , respectively. This bi-partisan piece of legislation would require that the Department of Health and Human Services , Department of Agriculture , and other federal agencies develop a coordinated plan to create a One Health Framework to help prepare responses to zoonotic disease and prevent disease outbreaks. The bill

5145-594: The Biden administration to recognize a "nonmilitarized" Palestinian state after the end of the war in Gaza . In March 2018 Smith and nine other senators signed a letter to Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Lamar Alexander and ranking Democrat Patty Murray requesting they schedule a hearing on the causes and remedies of mass shootings in

5250-702: The CDC One Health Office hosts webinars to educate audiences about One Health issues such as food safety, antimicrobial resistance, and recent disease outbreaks. The One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization process is led by the CDC. It involves holding workshops internationally to prioritize which zoonotic diseases are of the most concern and helping countries develop action plans to address those diseases. The process involves 3-6 facilitators representing human, animal, and environmental health sectors, up to 12 voting members which represent human health/public health, agriculture/livestock, wildlife/fisheries,

5355-471: The CDC continued to be an advocate for public health issues and pushed to extend its responsibilities to many other communicable diseases . In 1947, the CDC made a token payment of $ 10 to Emory University for 15 acres (61,000 m ) of land on Clifton Road in DeKalb County, still the home of CDC headquarters as of 2019. CDC employees collected the money to make the purchase. The benefactor behind

SECTION 50

#1732779533143

5460-485: The CDC would make drastic changes in the wake of mistakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. She outlined an overhaul of how the CDC would analyze and share data and how they would communicate information to the general public. In her statement to all CDC employees, she said: "For 75 years, CDC and public health have been preparing for COVID-19, and in our big moment, our performance did not reliably meet expectations." Based on

5565-410: The CDC's recommendations and publications may be influenced by donations received through the Foundation, which includes pharmaceutical companies. Tina Smith Christine Elizabeth Smith (née Flint , born March 4, 1958) is an American politician, retired Democratic political consultant, and former businesswoman serving as the junior United States senator from Minnesota since 2018. She

5670-644: The Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, and the Center for Prevention Services; as well as two centers that had been absorbed by CDC from outside: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1973, and the National Center for Health Statistics in 1987. An act of the United States Congress appended the words "and Prevention" to the name effective October 27, 1992. However, Congress directed that

5775-449: The DFL gubernatorial primary, Dayton and Smith defeated Republicans Jeff Johnson and Bill Kuisle in the general election . Smith took office as lieutenant governor on January 5, 2015, and served until she was appointed to represent Minnesota in the U.S. Senate on January 2, 2018. During her tenure Smith was described by many political observers as having a much higher profile and playing

5880-608: The Dayton administration. Despite widespread speculation to the contrary, Smith announced in March 2017 that she would not run for governor in the 2018 election . On December 13, 2017, Governor Dayton announced Smith as his pick to fill the United States Senate seat held by Al Franken , who had announced he would resign amid allegations of sexual misconduct. Democrats in the state immediately united around Smith as

5985-546: The Nixon to Ford terms. The CDC's programs address more than 400 diseases, health threats, and conditions that are major causes of death, disease, and disability. The CDC's website has information on various infectious (and noninfectious) diseases, including smallpox , measles , and others. The CDC targets the transmission of influenza , including the H1N1 swine flu, and launched websites to educate people about hygiene. Within

6090-562: The Tripartite organizations. WHO was a partner in the 2008 establishment of a strategic One Health framework for approaching global health problems. In September 2017, a feature page for One Health was included on the WHO website, defining One Health and highlighting important topic areas such as food safety, zoonotic disease , and antimicrobial resistance . WOAH (headquartered in Paris, France )

6195-576: The Trump administration intended to cease protecting spouses, parents and children of active-duty service members from deportation, Smith was one of 22 senators led by Tammy Duckworth to sign a letter arguing that the protection gave service members the ability "to fight for the United States overseas and not worry that their spouse, children, or parents will be deported while they are away" and that its termination would both cause service members personal hardship and negatively affect their combat performance. In October 2018, Smith and 19 other senators signed

6300-731: The U.S. The CDC budget for fiscal year 2024 is $ 11.581   billion. As of 2021, CDC staff numbered approximately 15,000 personnel (including 6,000 contractors and 840 United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps officers) in 170 occupations. Eighty percent held bachelor's degrees or higher; almost half had advanced degrees (a master's degree or a doctorate such as a PhD, D.O. , or M.D. ). Common CDC job titles include engineer, entomologist , epidemiologist , biologist, physician, veterinarian , behavioral scientist , nurse , medical technologist , economist, public health advisor, health communicator, toxicologist , chemist, computer scientist , and statistician. The CDC also operates

6405-468: The US would be equivalent of upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world." In June 2019, Smith and nine other senators cosponsored the Safe Freight Act, a bill that would require freight trains to have one or more certified conductors and a certified engineer on board who can collaborate on how to protect the train and people living near the tracks. The legislation

SECTION 60

#1732779533143

6510-695: The United States National Environmental Health Association, among others. Such collaboration, which often remains very limited, could lead to more quick and profound exchange of knowledge and insights between disciplines and professionals, which is important to better and more rapidly respond to outbreaks and newly emerging zoonoses and diseases. The One Health Platform is a scientific reference network to unite researchers and experts to better understand and prepare for zoonotic disease outbreaks from animals to humans, and antimicrobial resistance , including

6615-686: The Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter, Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in 1963 the Immunization program was established. It became the National Communicable Disease Center effective July 1, 1967, and the Center for Disease Control on June 24, 1970. At the end of

6720-496: The WHO to implement the International Health Regulations (IHR) , an agreement between 196 countries to prevent, control, and report on the international spread of disease, through initiatives including the Global Disease Detection Program (GDD). The CDC has also been involved in implementing the U.S. global health initiatives President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and President's Malaria Initiative . The CDC collects and publishes health information for travelers in

6825-403: The administration withdraw the policy and "re-engage with stakeholders, states, and Congress." In January 2019, during the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown , Smith and 33 other senators signed a letter to Commissioner of Food and Drugs Scott Gottlieb recognizing the efforts of the FDA to address the shutdown's effect on public health and employees while remaining alarmed "that

6930-405: The agency's activities in a particular area of expertise while also providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats. As of the most recent reorganization in February 2023, the CIOs are: The Office of Public Health Preparedness was created during the 2001 anthrax attacks shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Its purpose

7035-523: The agency. The new agency was a branch of the U.S. Public Health Service and Atlanta was chosen as the location because malaria was endemic in the Southern United States. The agency changed names (see infobox on top) before adopting the name Communicable Disease Center in 1946. Offices were located on the sixth floor of the Volunteer Building on Peachtree Street. With a budget at the time of about $ 1   million, 59 percent of its personnel were engaged in mosquito abatement and habitat control with

7140-423: The area of vaccine safety. CDC also runs a program called V-safe, a smartphone web application that allows COVID-19 vaccine recipients to be surveyed in detail about their health in response to getting the shot. The CDC Foundation operates independently from CDC as a private, nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in the State of Georgia . The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of

7245-402: The attack. When the Capitol was secure and the Congress returned to session, Smith supported the certification of the count. In response to the insurrection, she called for Trump's immediate removal from office through the invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and impeachment, saying that the president needed to be held accountable for the attack and that "he

7350-505: The awareness of One Health and develop tools to help strengthen One Health movements. The CDC One Health Office is involved in multiple initiatives, including working to implement a Zoonotic Disease Prioritization process, creating Global Health Security Agenda Action Packages, overseeing the Zoonoses Education Coalition, developing guidelines with the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians , and helping educate youth involved with agriculture about influenza . Additionally,

7455-716: The bill would strengthen Buy America requirements and that she was hopeful both Democrats and Republicans would support "this effort to make sure our government is buying American products and supporting American workers." In August 2018, Smith was one of 17 senators to sign a letter spearheaded by Kamala Harris to US Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen demanding that the Trump administration take immediate action in attempting to reunite 539 migrant children with their families, citing each passing day of inaction as intensifying "trauma that this administration has needlessly caused for children and their families seeking humanitarian protection." In July 2019, following reports that

7560-496: The book has been described as "easy to read and entertaining" in its presentation of ideas similar to the "One Health" concept, but also criticized as lacking depth and failing to recognize the extent to which animals and humans have differently evolved as complex systems. In 2016, The One Health Commission, One Health Platform, and One Health Initiative Team deemed International One Health Day to be November 3. In 2019, Senator Tina Smith and Representative Kurt Schrader introduced

7665-406: The change from a Tripartite to a Quadripartite partnership. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , created a One Health Office in 2009, becoming the first United States federal agency to have an office dedicated to this field. This office works alongside other animal, human, and environmental health organizations both within the United States and across the world in order to increase

7770-542: The collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate change, and contributing to sustainable development." Calvin Schwabe , a veterinarian trained in public health, coined the term "One Medicine" in a veterinary medical textbook in 1964 to reflect the similarities between animal and human medicine and stress the importance of collaboration between veterinarians and physicians to help solve global health problems . He established

7875-399: The company's Diem digital currency project. In the letter, they argued that " stablecoins in general" are "incompatible with the actual financial regulatory landscape." In 2022, Smith and Elizabeth Warren wrote to Fidelity Investments CEO Abigail Johnson to object to a plan to allow for the inclusion of Bitcoin in their 401(k)s . In December 2018, Smith and 20 other senators signed

7980-477: The continued shutdown will result in increasingly harmful effects on the agency's employees and the safety and security of the nation's food and medical products." In February 2019, Smith and ten other senators signed a letter to insulin manufactures Eli Lilly and Company , Novo Nordisk , and Sanofi about their increased insulin prices having deprived patients of "access to the life-saving medications they need." In April 2019, Smith and 40 other senators signed

8085-674: The daughter of Christine, a teacher, and F. Harlan Flint, a lawyer. She mostly grew up in Santa Fe, New Mexico , attending Manderfield and Acequia Madre Elementary. She finished high school in Northern California . Before going to college, Smith worked on the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline in Prudhoe Bay , Alaska . She graduated from Stanford University with a degree in political science , and later earned

8190-610: The division are two programs: the Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP) and the Import Permit Program. The FSAP is run jointly with an office within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, regulating agents that can cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. The Import Permit Program regulates the importation of "infectious biological materials." The CDC runs a program that protects the public from rare and dangerous substances such as anthrax and

8295-447: The environment and other relevant government sectors, and 10-15 advisors from international organizations (such as the WHO, FAO or OIE), academic partners or NGOs not directly involved in zoonotic diseases. The CDC One Health Office trains facilitators and it takes months to prepare for a workshop to acquire the necessary resources, identify participants, review zoonotic information and confirm logistics. Completed workshops have been held in

8400-640: The environment, their importance in understanding disease dynamics, and the need for interdisciplinary approaches to prevention, education, investment, and policy development. Due to global scares surrounding the H5N1 influenza outbreaks of the early-mid 2000s, the American Veterinary Medical Association established a One Health Initiative Task Force in 2006, the American Medical Association passed

8505-515: The findings of an internal report, Walensky concluded that "The CDC must refocus itself on public health needs, respond much faster to emergencies and outbreaks of disease, and provide information in a way that ordinary people and state and local health authorities can understand and put to use" (as summarized by the New York Times). The CDC is organized into "Centers, Institutes, and Offices" (CIOs), with each organizational unit implementing

8610-536: The first session of the 116th Congress . Smith supports abortion rights . She was a vice president at Planned Parenthood from 2003 to 2006, where she lobbied against efforts to oppose abortion rights. In February 2019, Smith voted against the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act, saying that the bill "would override physicians' professional judgment about what is best for their patients" and "put physicians in

8715-508: The front lines of outbreaks. The agency maintains staff in more than 60 countries, including some from the U.S. but more from the countries in which they operate. The agency's global divisions include the Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT), the Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), the Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), and the Global Immunization Division (GID). The CDC has been working with

8820-485: The health of United States citizens . The CDC also conducts research and provides information on non-infectious diseases , such as obesity and diabetes , and is a founding member of the International Association of National Public Health Institutes . The CDC's current Director is Mandy Cohen who assumed office on July 10, 2023. The Communicable Disease Center was founded July 1, 1946, as

8925-442: The initialism CDC be retained because of its name recognition. Since the 1990s, the CDC focus has broadened to include chronic diseases , disabilities , injury control, workplace hazards , environmental health threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and other health risks, including birth defects , West Nile virus , obesity , avian , swine , and pandemic flu , E. coli , and bioterrorism , to name

9030-553: The insurance market. Smith has endorsed single-payer healthcare . In December 2018, Smith and 41 other senators signed a letter to Trump administration officials Alex Azar , Seema Verma , and Steve Mnuchin arguing that the administration was improperly using Section 1332 of the Affordable Care Act to authorize states to "increase health care costs for millions of consumers while weakening protections for individuals with preexisting conditions." The senators requested

9135-581: The necessity for enhanced collaborations spanning different fields and administrative hurdles, the enhancement of science-driven risk management strategies, and the augmentation of workforce and research infrastructure capabilities, particularly in developing nations. Moreover, notable impediments to the execution of One Health research may continue if funding agencies fail to establish effective mechanisms to bolster interdisciplinary One Health research. [REDACTED] Centers for Disease Control The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC )

9240-439: The objective of control and eradication of malaria in the United States (see National Malaria Eradication Program ). Among its 369 employees, the main jobs at CDC were originally entomology and engineering. In CDC's initial years, more than six and a half million homes were sprayed, mostly with DDT . In 1946, there were only seven medical officers on duty and an early organization chart was drawn. Under Joseph Walter Mountin ,

9345-419: The objective to strengthen food security by improving animal production systems and veterinary services and called for action in improving collaborations between animal, human, and environmental health sectors. FAO, WOAH and WHO published a new guide to approaching zoonotic disease with a One Health framework in 2019. In February 2021, acknowledging the importance of the environment for the One Health approach,

9450-668: The party's candidate in the November 2018 special election to fill Franken's term. Franken officially resigned on January 2, 2018. In August 2018, Smith won the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party primary with 76% of the vote. Richard Painter , a White House ethics lawyer during the George W. Bush administration , finished second with 14%. In the November general election, Smith defeated Republican nominee Karin Housley ,

9555-500: The position of facing criminal penalties if their judgment about what is best for their patient is contrary to what is described in this bill." On May 2, 2022, just after Politico obtained and released a 98-page U.S. Supreme Court draft opinion striking down Roe v. Wade , Smith responded in a tweet, "This is bullshit." After the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade on June 24, Senators Smith and Elizabeth Warren wrote

9660-504: The public about these issues with the intent to improve global health. Roger Mahr was the founding CEO. A request for proposal for an institutional partner was put forth in 2010, and Iowa State University was selected to be the main site for operations. In 2013, Roger Mahr retired from the commission and the operations site moved to the Research Triangle of North Carolina, where it currently resides. The current executive director

9765-471: The reorganization of CDC to "confront the challenges of 21st-century health threats". She established four Coordinating Centers. In 2009 the Obama administration re-evaluated this change and ordered them cut as an unnecessary management layer. As of 2013, the CDC's Biosafety Level 4 laboratories were among the few that exist in the world. They included one of only two official repositories of smallpox in

9870-591: The subcommittee would support continued funding for Section 4 in Fiscal Year 2020. In June 2019 Smith was one of eight senators to sponsor the Made in America Act, legislation that would designate federal programs that had funded infrastructure projects not currently subject to Buy America standards and mandate that the materials used in these programs be domestically produced. Bill cosponsor Tammy Baldwin said

9975-845: The successor to the World War II Malaria Control in War Areas program of the Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities. Preceding its founding, organizations with global influence in malaria control were the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation . The Rockefeller Foundation greatly supported malaria control, sought to have the governments take over some of its efforts, and collaborated with

10080-512: The three partner organizations invited UNEP to join the Tripartite. In March of the same year, the Tripartite and UNEP agreed to work together on a strategy to apply the One Health approach in the prevention of future pandemics. One year later, in March 2022, the Twenty-eighth Tripartite Annual Executive Meeting saw the signing of a memorandum of understanding by all organizations involved to mark

10185-425: The topic of or connected to One Health. The One Health Initiative is an interdisciplinary movement to create collaborations between animal, human, and environmental health organizations including the American Veterinary Medical Association , American Medical Association , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , United States Department of Agriculture , Vétérinaires sans Frontières/ Tierärzte ohne Grenzen and

10290-667: The wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting . In the lead-up to the 2018 elections, Smith said her record in the Senate showed she would fight pharmaceutical companies to improve people's lives, and that she would continue to fight to lower the cost of health care and prescription drugs in Minnesota, for example by making generic drugs more available, preventing people with preexisting conditions from being charged more, and allowing Minnesotans to buy in to Medicare if they are dissatisfied with their options on

10395-567: The world, with the other one located at the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR in the Russian Federation. In 2014, the CDC revealed they had discovered several misplaced smallpox samples while their lab workers were "potentially infected" with anthrax . The city of Atlanta annexed the property of the CDC headquarters effective January 1, 2018, as a part of the city's largest annexation within

10500-478: Was accompanied by fellow Minnesota Senator Amy Klobuchar and former Vice President and former Minnesota Senator Walter Mondale . Smith was participating in the certification of the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count on January 6, 2021, when Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol . She called the participants in the attack "seditionists" and blamed Trump for inciting

10605-421: Was also a partner in establishing a strategic One Health framework in 2008. WOAH works to maintain transparency surrounding global animal disease, collect and distribute veterinary information, publish international trade standards for animals/ animal products, improve veterinary services globally, and to promote animal welfare and food safety. FAO put forth in 2011 a strategic action plan for One Health, which had

10710-643: Was picked to manage Rybak's gubernatorial campaign , which ended after Margaret Anderson Kelliher won the DFL endorsement. Smith then joined the campaign of Mark Dayton , who skipped the endorsing convention and eventually won the DFL primary . After Dayton defeated Republican Tom Emmer in the general election , Smith was named a co-chair of the transition. When Dayton took office in January 2011, he appointed Smith his chief of staff. When Lieutenant Governor Yvonne Prettner Solon announced she would not seek reelection, Dayton selected Smith as his running mate in

10815-580: Was re-introduced by Tina Smith and Todd Young on March 18, 2021. In 2007, Roger K. Mahr from the American Veterinary Medical Association , Jay H. Glasser from the American Public Health Association , and Ronald M. Davis from the American Medical Association came together as liaisons with other health science professionals, academics, students, government workers, and industry scientists to create

10920-461: Was the first FETP site created outside of North America and is found in numerous countries, reflecting CDC's influence in promoting this model internationally. The Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network ( TEPHINET ) has graduated 950 students. The mission of the CDC expanded beyond its original focus on malaria to include sexually transmitted diseases when

11025-529: Was to coordinate among the government the response to a range of biological terrorism threats. Most CDC centers are located in Atlanta . Building 18, which opened in 2005 at the CDC's main Roybal campus (named in honor of the late Representative Edward R. Roybal ), contains the premier BSL4 laboratory in the United States. A few of the centers are based in or operate other domestic locations: In addition, CDC operates quarantine facilities in 20 cities in

#142857