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78-618: For Soviet families, it was a holiday tradition to partake in a shared morning meal, and to watch the October Revolution Parade broadcast on Soviet Central Television . A holiday canon was established during the Stalinist period, and included a workers' demonstration, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum , and, finally, the military parade on Red Square , which was held unfailingly every year (bar

156-674: A Council of Ministers -controlled network of television and radio broadcasting. Radio was the dominant medium in the former Soviet Union , however, in the 1930s preparations for television were in full swing. On 1 October 1934, the first television sets were made available to the public. The next year, the first television broadcasts began. The Soviet Union television service began full-time experimental test broadcasts on 1 March 1938. Regular public programming began on 9 March 1938 – with an evening of programs, which included news, documentary films, and entertainment on Channel 1 in Moscow . At

234-564: A television center in Ostankino in 1963 for the television networks. It was opened in 1967 as part of the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution . Leningrad would soon follow suit the next year as the newly renovated and expanded Leningrad Television Broadcasting Center reopened its doors. On 29 March 1965, Programme Three commenced broadcasting. It was originally an educational channel. This channel

312-606: A 1980 episode consisting of skits centered around a Russian satellite signal overriding the SCTV satellite and causing Russian TV to be broadcast on SCTV's signal, with Soviet Central Television satirized as 'CCCP1' ( Three CP One ) and 'CCCP2' ( Three CP Two ) and containing further satires of Russian programing with shows like Tibor's Tractor (a farmer has a tractor that is the reincarnation of Nikita Khrushchev , spoofing My Mother The Car ), Hey Georgy (a man wanders around Russia helping everybody, spoofing King of Kensington ), and

390-418: A Happy Revolution Day, especially to the dignitaries and everyone in the stands watching as balloons fly out from the crowds filing past while recorded music is played on the speakers. After an hour or two, the civil parade ends with a huge crowd bidding the principal dignitaries farewell from the grounds of the square with red flags in their hands as one final cheer resounds from the sound systems installed along

468-595: A day off. The original celebrations continues to be honoured in ceremonies led by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation . As of 2018, October Revolution Day remains an official holiday in Belarus , though the original significance has faded and it is simply regarded as a day off. President Alexander Lukashenko has described the holiday as one that "strengthens social harmony". Similarly, in

546-534: A daytime show, Today is Moscow . The episode is featured on SCTV DVD Volume 2. 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant%27s Regiment 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment serves as the official honor guard regiment of the Russian Armed Forces and serves as the main honor guard unit of the armed forces, stationed in Moscow. Aside from being the honor guard unit, it

624-775: A plan to reinstate the regiment's honorific title in an address to the Russian Federal Assembly in 2012, with the stated aim being to "strengthen the historical continuity" of the Russian Armed Forces by resurrecting the names of "famous, legendary units and formations of the Russian and Soviet armies". On 10 September 2018, the Moscow House of the Young Army Cadets National Movement was inaugurated on part of

702-761: Is also charged with duties assisting the Commander, Moscow Garrison, and to serve garrison and protection duties in the protection of the capital city and its military infrastructure. Its barracks is at Lefortovo District , Moscow, part of the South-Eastern Administrative Okrug . As the Second World War was ending in Europe in 1944 the Soviet NKVD in Moscow was charged with raising a full-time honor guard company as part of

780-530: Is an affiliate of the Suvorov Military Schools, take their place behind the parade commander's limousine. The parade is then ordered to stand at ease and the chromatic fanfare trumpeters, together with the rest of the musicians of the massed bands, sound a fanfare call, usually Govovin's Moscow Fanfare for the keynote address by the minister which will follow. As the minister concludes his address, he will yell "Ura!" ( Russian : "Ура!") to which

858-629: The Armenian SSR cancelled the 1989 parade in Yerevan due to extended protests, while the mobile column of the parade in the Moldovan capital of Kishinev was removed from the itinerary due to protester blocking the streets and preventing passage to vehicles. A similar occurred event occurred on what is now Gediminas Avenue in Vilnius. The bands having marched off the square is the signal for

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936-809: The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union acting as the guests of honor. The celebrations begin at 9:50 am Moscow Standard Time with the arrival honors for the commander of the parade, who is greeted by the commandant of the Frunze Military Academy (now the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ) usually a general officer, and receives the report on

1014-751: The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet , members of the entire Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , including members from the Politburo and Secretariat, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces , service branch commanders, deputy defence ministers, members of the cabinet and commanders of the support departments in the general staff, in addition to

1092-665: The German surrender ), in preparation for its full reopening. On 15 December, the service resumed. Regular public programming resumed on 7 March 1948. The USSR television service temporarily stopped broadcasts in December 1948 for a major upgrade of the broadcast equipment, but by 1 May the next year, Leningrad and the northern/northwestern USSR resumed television broadcasts for the Palace Square May Day Parade. Regular programming resumed on 16 June 1949, but

1170-671: The Leningrad Television Centre was inaugurated, the USSR's first state-of-the-art television studio. Broadcasts were made available in Tomsk in early 1953, becoming the first city in Siberia to have access to television. The former Hermitage Cinema was retooled as a television viewing house on 25 December 1953. In October 1954, a 20-minute highlight film of a friendly match between British team Arsenal and Dynamo Moscow

1248-697: The Soviet Army , Soviet Air Forces and the Soviet Navy in its three platoons. The regulations for such use were amended via a 1971 General Orders of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union , to be used only in state occasions, ceremonies and national holidays when permitted. In December 1979, on the recommendation of the Soviet Army General Staff the 99th ICB became the 154th Independent Commandant's Regiment, therefore merging

1326-839: The Soviet Central Television network included the telecasts of the Red Square demonstrations on May Day , Victory Day and the October Revolution anniversary parades, and the broadcast of the film The Irony of Fate ( Or Enjoy Your Bath! ) on New Year's Eve night, right before the CPSU General Secretary 's New Year message, followed by the Kremlin chimes and the playing of Soviet national anthem , and ending with Little Blue Light New Year's Edition . Concerts and musical programs also commemorated these and other national holidays. Since 1971 it

1404-478: The United Kingdom 's BBC2 , West Germany 's ARD and ZDF , and France 's ORTF (see Timeline of the introduction of color television in countries ), again ready for the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution on 7 November 1967. Moscow Programme and Leningrad Television were the first colour broadcasters, even though the 7 November 1967 parade was broadcast in monochrome on

1482-596: The United States , mandated that schools devote 45 minutes to teaching about communism, the role that communist leaders have had on history and how people suffered under those regimes . [REDACTED] Media related to October Revolution Day at Wikimedia Commons Soviet Central Television The Central Television of the USSR ( Russian : Центральное телевидение СССР , romanized :  Tsentral'noye televideniye SSSR ; abbr. CT USSR , SCTV [ Russian : ЦТ СССР , romanized :  TsT SSSR ])

1560-533: The national anthem accompanied by a panoramic view of Moscow , the capital of the Soviet Union and station ident. As of 1990, Soviet Central Television ( Programme One , Programme Two and Moscow Programme ) signed off at about 02:00 with the station ident, Clock ident , caption Do not forget to turn off the TV . Also, there was a sign off in the noon, beginning around in 1 pm and by 2:30 to 4 pm there

1638-622: The 1st Regiment, OMSDON (then the NKVD 1st Special Duties Division), in the style and manner of the British Household Division 's Foot Guards , the 3rd US Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) and the French Republican Guard 's First Infantry Regiment. Its first duties included the state visit of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill that year. It later joined the 73rd Special Duties Battalion (later

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1716-708: The 465th Special Duties Company, later itself renamed the 465th Special Commandant's Company) in 1948, now part of the regular armed forces. This was the precursor of the Honor Guard Company that would later form the 154th ICR of today, the very company in which the Victory Banner was welcomed with full honors in June 1945 into Moscow. On 10 April 1949, the 465th SCC, by order of the Soviet Armed Forces General Staff, became

1794-623: The 99th ICB and the 1st IHGC and raising new component units. Its duty was for the protection of the Moscow Garrison Commandant's headquarters and providing ceremonial guards in state events. In 1980 several servicemen from the regiment took part in the 1980 Olympic opening ceremony wearing civilian formal dress escorting the Olympic Flag . The regiment's Special Duties Company took part in Exercise Zapad-81

1872-808: The 99th Independent Commandant's Battalion. On 29 November 1956, by order of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, the 1st Independent Honor Guard Company and the Military Band of the Honor Guard were raised, both under the supervision of the Office of the Moscow Military Garrison Commandant. The company adopted full parade dress in 1960 in the uniforms of the 3 service arms of the Soviet Armed Forces:

1950-621: The American government. The hosting of the 1980 Summer Olympics by Moscow was a source of pride for the Eastern Bloc. However, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had caused outrage in the west, leading to a boycott of the games by 64 western-aligned nations. CT USSR, as the host nation broadcaster, presented a colour broadcast of the Games to the world, and in Soviet territory

2028-587: The Americas. The programmes of all the Eastern European socialist republics, including the CT USSR channels, were broadcast on the satellite. Significant changes to CT USSR were made in the 1980s as the USSR underwent economic and popular political changes brought about by the reforms in Moscow under Mikhail Gorbachev . At first, CT USSR stuck to the party line and barely reported the opposition to

2106-557: The Games were broadcast on the two main channels with additional coverage on Program 3, Program 4 and Leningrad Television as well as the republican channels in Belarus, Ukraine (football) and Estonia (sailing). The other republican stations also simulcast and highlighted the entire event. In 1988, the USSR -built Gorizont satellite was launched, providing television programming to much of Europe and northern Africa, and even eastern parts of

2184-633: The Honor Guard Battalion of the 154th ICR as another honor guard company was raised. In 2006, an amateur theater was created within the regiment. The 154th Independent Commandant's Regiment formally became the 154th 'Preobrazhensky' Independent Commandant's Regiment (the "Preobrazhensky" honorific title was in tribute to the Preobrazhensky Regiment ) on 9 April 2013 by presidential decree no. 326 signed by Russian president Vladimir Putin . Putin had previously outlined

2262-456: The SECAM format on all television programs broadcast on all the national channels: Programme One , Programme Two , Moscow Programme , Programme Four and Programme Five – Leningrad Television , and in all the republican networks. That same year, Soviet Central Television displayed a US president for the first time - a fifteen-minute documentary of president-elect Jimmy Carter produced by

2340-820: The Union, the diplomatic corps and military attaches and guests from allied and friendly countries with ties to the Union government. Within Red Square the more than 9,000 strong parade formation (11,000 during jubilee years) was complemented by the Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison , conducted by the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces, the billet of an officer who usually held major general rank, at

2418-450: The bands march past the grandstand, the senior director of music, conductors and bandmasters salute at the eyes right. In 1967, the massed bands marched out to the tune of My Beloved Motherland . Similar parade events were held in all major cities in the RSFSR as well as in the USSR , with the first secretary of the local communist party branch being the guest of honor and the commander of

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2496-438: The bands. The limousinesed stop at each formation in order for the minister to send his greeting to the contingents, in which they respond with a threefold "Ura" ( Russian : Ура). Other than the Red Square inspection, the commander and the minister would also inspect the personnel of the mobile column on Manezhnaya Square. After the final greeting, the Massed Bands played Long Live our State by Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov as

2574-428: The civil parade the workers' demonstration officially begins, wherein workers from state economic and social firms in Moscow, as well as from schools and universities, march past as part of their respective community delegations. Each delegation has a color guard unit and brass band taking part, as well as floats from the participating state enterprises. Each of Moscow's districts march past the grandstand to greet everyone

2652-523: The color coding scheme that was later used in PAL ( YUV instead of YIQ ), because it was based on D / K monochrome standard, 625/50. The color subcarrier frequency was 4.4296875 MHz and the bandwidth of UV chroma signals was near 1.5 MHz. Only circa 4000 TV sets of 4 models (Raduga, Temp-22, Izumrud-201 and Izumrud-203 ) were produced for studying the real quality of TV reception. These TVs were not commercially available, despite being included in

2730-557: The command "Quick march!", the linemen take their places at the south end of the square while the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College march to a drum tune, while the fifers and trumpeters play a specific tune, in a tradition that would go on until the late 1990s and early 2000s when the trumpets were removed. As the massed bands start playing the Corps of Drums begin to swing their drumsticks while on

2808-655: The commander returns to his place in the parade, and the Minister driven to the grandstand while the entire parade shouts 'Ura!' ( Russian : Ура!) repeatedly until he takes his position in the grandstand and the bands end playing (from 1945 to 1966 Slavsya from A Life for the Tsar took its place and yet again in 1990). During this time, the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College , which

2886-437: The commencement of the holiday civil parade and workers' demonstration in Red Square. In jubilee years (more frequency in the parades of the 1960s and 1970s), the civil parade kicks off with a spectacular march made up of the following components preceding the workers' demonstration march: Float displays also featured prominently in the civil parades where floats were designed to promote government and party campaigns or highlight

2964-408: The communist regime. However, after the rule of the CPSU began to break down in 1990, CT USSR reformed their programmes to remove propaganda and to report news freely. By the time the Glasnost came into effect, the main news programme on the then Programme 1 (Vremya) was being produced without censorship or interference, and so it covered the events in full. In recognition of its reliable coverage,

3042-508: The entire length of the square. Similar civil parades occurred in all major cities and the republican capital cities following the military parades. In Russia, the holiday was repurposed several times. In 1995, President Yeltsin reestablished a November 7 holiday to commemorate the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian Army in 1612. The next year, it was renamed 'Day of Accord and Reconciliation'. From 2004, November 7 became one of several Days of Military Honour and ceased to be

3120-405: The entire parade repeats thrice. The Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison then play the full version of the State Anthem of the Soviet Union while a ceremonial battery armed with the 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) fire a 21-gun salute . As the anthem ends, the bands sound a second fanfare and the parade commander orders the parade to do carry out the following commands for the march past: On

3198-406: The eyes right led by the drum major. The Corps is immediately followed by the officers of the Frunze Military Academy whereas on jubilee parades, the massed colour guard is the first formation other than the corps on the square, followed by a historical contingent. The troops have always marched in the following order during the parade: Military Bands Ground Column As ground column concludes,

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3276-417: The following year as part of the Soviet Armed Forces contingent, and received the Medal "For Courage in a Fire" for its fire fighting efforts that year when a fire broke out in the Moscow Oblast. The regiment took part in the 1985 World Festival of Youth and Students and in the 1987 commemorations of the 175th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino . In May 1991, the 1st Independent Honor Guard Company became

3354-413: The formations making up the column. In November 1967 Minister of Defense Marshal Andrei Grechko announced his gratitude and of the Ministry of Defence to all those who marched on Red Square that 7 November as the country marked the golden jubilee anniversary year of the Revolution and for the first time, together with the text of gratitude, they were presented with commemorative badges "Participant of

3432-446: The former Soviet territory, and most of the republican stations are now fully independent. Soviet Central Television had three and later six national television channels over its history. The six channels were joined by a number of regional television stations operated by the republican governments of each of the 14 other republics, city television stations operated by the city governments in several key cities and television stations of

3510-403: The goods catalog for trade network of the USSR. The broadcasting with this system lasted about 3 years and was ceased well before SECAM transmissions started in the USSR. None of the current multi-standard TV receivers can support this TV system. SÉCAM Colour television was introduced on 1 October 1967, making the Soviet Union the fourth country in Europe to switch to colour broadcast, after

3588-426: The governments of the autonomous republics of the Union. Today, these stations, now independent, maintain separate national identities and programming. In 1982, there were three idents which were broadcast each day on CT USSR. As of 1990, Soviet Central Television ( Programme One , Programme Two and Moscow Programme ) sign on at about 6:30 and 12:00 with the test card along with music, clock ident , then

3666-403: The historic Poklonnaya Hill - at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow . Being a representative part of the Russian military, it is often asked to represent the nation at foreign military parades and ceremonies. One of its biggest foreign appearances was at the 2015 China Victory Day Parade , which celebrated the 70th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day of World War II . Within

3744-407: The left for inspection. The Minister of Defence (usually a billet of a General of the Army) then is driven on a limousine to the center of the square to receive the parade report from the commander, with the combined bands playing Jubillee March of the Red Army in the background. Once the report is received, the Minister and the parade commander begin to inspect the parading formations together with

3822-411: The main national channels and Programme 4. CT USSR chose the French SÉCAM colour standard, which would later be adopted across the Eastern Bloc such as East Germany , Poland , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Bulgaria , the Mongolian People's Republic , North Korea and North Vietnam . A colour set in 1967 cost US$ 1,200. By 1976, full-colour broadcasts began throughout the entire Soviet Union using

3900-411: The massed bands play either Long Live our State or Song of the Motherland, with the Moscow Higher Military Command School marching past as the last formation on the square before the mobile column with Victory Day being played beforehand as their cadets march at the rear. When the ground segment ends, the bands perform an about turn and march towards the facade of the GUM department store to give way to

3978-416: The military parade". Participants were also awarded a commemorative badge in the 1972 parade, the 100th parade to mark the golden jubilee of the foundation of the Soviet Union. A number of naval schools had custom made badges made in honor of their participation in the celebrations. As the Kremlin 's Spasskaya Tower sounds the chimes at 10am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms and look to

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4056-441: The mobile column, which drives past as the bands play Victorious March and Moscow Salute . Once the ground mobile column is complete, the bands take their position at the western end of the square to prepare for the finale, led by the senior director of music, conductors, bandmasters and drum majors. The finale involves the massed bands marching down the square to the tune of Song of the Soviet Army or Metropolitan March and as

4134-413: The new broadcaster and also had a loyalty to Soviet Central Television . Viewers accustomed to the Russian programming, were concerned at the loss of favourite shows. (Some of the Soviet Central Television shows are now consigned to Channel One Russia and Russia 1 ) Additionally the three big Russian channels – Channel One , Russia 1 and Petersburg – Channel 5 – have a good amount of presence in

4212-433: The occasional foreign head of state or party as the principal foreign guest and reviewing officer. In between the south of the grandstand is a platoon of the armed linemen and markers from the Independent Commandant's Regiment in military overcoats whose purpose is to take post to mark the distance of the troops marching past. Seated in the stands on the west and east sides were residents of the capital, visitors from all over

4290-402: The parade due to a sickness and his associate Konstantin Chernenko stood in for him. The final parade to commemorate the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution occurred on 7 November 1990, prior to the Soviet Union's dissolution. The most important event of the holiday is the national military parade and demonstrations on Moscow's Red Square, with members of the Politburo and

4368-413: The parade took place as the first one to not be inspected by officers on horseback. The practice of foreign leaders began in 1957 with Mao Zedong attending that year's parade as part of a state visit , continuing throughout the next two decades with Ethiopian leader Mengistu Haile Mariam 's attendance in 1980 and the leaders of Warsaw Pact and USSR-allied nations in 1967, 1977 and 1987. The 1989 parade

4446-428: The parade's status. Once the parade commander (who is usually a Colonel General with the billet of Commander of the Moscow Military District) receives the report, he takes his position in the parade and orders the formations to stand at ease. A couple minutes later, a Communist Party and government delegation arrives at the grandstand on top of Lenin's Mausoleum . The dignitaries include the General Secretary , Premier ,

4524-497: The programme was re-broadcast on several TV channels around the world (such as Australia 's SBS and the United Kingdom 's Sky News ). CT USSR, at the same time, started a number of new programme strands and formats, including talk shows. On 4 March 1988, emphasizing the Glasnost campaign, Programme 3 and Programme 4 , plus Leningrad Television began to be carried across the Soviet territory via satellite. Private TV channels such as ATV and 2×2 were also introduced ending

4602-466: The regimental barracks and depot complex. The regiment today is made of more than a thousand servicemen from all units of the Russian Armed Forces, composed of 3 battalions (the Honor Guard Battalion. and the 1st and 2nd Commandant's Battalions) and other independent units comprising it, including its Special Duties Company. The 154th Independent Commandant's Regiment, and its predecessors, have been involved in various state and international events through

4680-456: The regional military district or large formation acting as the parade inspector and keynote speaker, while the second-in command of the unit or command served as parade commander. The parade format is the same in these cities, with particularities being shaped to fit the specific parade ground (e.g. October Square, Minsk ). Massed bands for the parade were drawn from the formation or district bands located in their respective areas. The Government of

4758-487: The same time, Channel 5 Leningrad , the national television service from Leningrad and the northern Soviet Union , was launched on 7 July the same year. Programs were stopped in 1941 at the start of Operation Barbarossa , for fear that the Shabolovka transmitter would be used as an enemy beacon. The same thing happened in Leningrad due to the almost four years siege of the city. The USSR television service began experimental test broadcasts on 7 May 1945 (two days before

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4836-423: The start of the parade the bands were split into four sections across the expanse of the Square in between the inspecting formations. The mobile column, also present, was made up of around 170-380 vehicles and around 3,900 crews drawn from the participant units making up the segment of the parade. Until 1974 the mobile column was around 400 to 750 vehicles strong made up of around 7,500 to 9,800 crews and officers from

4914-421: The state broadcaster of the former USSR. On 27 December 1991, Ostankino Television 1 and Ostankino Television 4 (presently Channel One (Russia) and NTV (Russia) ) took over the frequencies of Programme 1 and Programme 4 . Leningrad Television 5 soon became St. Petersburg State Television Network , broadcasting to all of Russia until 1997. Employees of CT USSR were worried about job prospects in

4992-414: The state monopoly on television broadcasting. By 1990, CTV-USSR debuted its first joint international partnership program with the American Broadcasting Company , entitled Capital to Capital . Upon the total dissolution of the country on 26 December 1991, Soviet Central Television (by now part of the All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company due to a 8 February 1991 reform) ceased to be

5070-458: The state. Advertising – in the form of "commercial" magazine programmes – appeared on Soviet television from the 1980s. However, the command economy had little or no competition between brands, so advertising was limited to informing viewers of the prices and availability of products. With perestroika , spot advertising was introduced to CT USSR in order to better cover the system's cost. The satirical TV series Second City Television did

5148-416: The unrecognized Pridnestrovian Transnistrian Republic , the day is officially a public holiday, but it is regarded by locals as devoid of its original meaning. In Kyrgyzstan , the holiday was observed until 2017, when it was replaced by the 'Days of Ancestral History and Memory' on November 7 and 8. A handful of U.S. states designate November 7 as Victims of Communism Day. In 2022, the state of Florida in

5226-414: The works of various public companies, farm collectives and state economic firms. At a certain point during the civil parade, Pioneers in winter jackets and carrying flowers representing schools in Moscow and all over the country run towards the front of the Mausoleum facade and are split into two groups that ascend the staircases towards the dignitaries in the grandstand to give them flower bouquets. Following

5304-418: The years 1942-45), and most famously in 1941 , as the Axis forces were advancing on Moscow. The first military parade took place on 7 November 1919 on the second anniversary of the revolution. The Russian civil war lasted until 1923. The parade in 1941 is particularly revered as it took place during the Battle of Moscow , during which many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in action. In 1953,

5382-505: The years. Aside from its duties at sporting events, other activities where they were involved include their attendance in various Soviet state funerals (including the Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev ) and in the Victory Day celebrations in Moscow from 1965 onward, where they always provide the honor guard unit and troop the Victory Banner on Red Square for the annual parade among other commemorative activities. Recent regimental enlistment and passing-out parades have been held on

5460-493: Was also the official network for the USSR's Pesnya goda All-Union National Soviet Music Festival aired on New Year's Day, also soon becoming a holiday practice for viewers across the nation. Test colour broadcasting started in Moscow as early as January 1960 using OSKM system ( 625 lines version of NTSC ), but lasted only a few months. The OSKM abbreviation means "Simultaneous system with quadrature modulation" (In Russian: Одновременная Система с Квадратурной Модуляцией ). It used

5538-713: Was broadcast on BBC Television . On New Year's Day 1955 the Central Television Station began transmitting daily programming. On 14 February 1956, the new Moscow Programme commenced broadcasting for viewers in Moscow and in the surrounding Moscow Oblast . That same year it was announced that 75 new television stations were being set up and by 1960, Soviet Central Television would have an audience of 25 million. The USSR television service (both Programme 1 , Programme 2 and Moscow Programme ) began experimental colour broadcast tests on 14 January 1960. The next year, Leningrad Television moved its studios and officers to larger premises. The USSR authorities began construction of

5616-449: Was launched. Programme 3 , which was from the beginning available to Moscow only, began broadcasting to the entire USSR via satellite in 1982. Thus, it was renamed All-Union Programme for this purpose and moved to channel 2 in 1977, while Moscow Programme switched to channel 3. Science and technology programming formerly on Programme 4 moved to Programme 6 when that channel was launched on 25 December 1971. Notable annual traditions of

5694-504: Was now broadcasting in 625 lines – a first in the world. On 22 March 1951, Moscow TV was renamed, to avoid confusion by viewers about the forthcoming local channels, becoming the Central Television Station , later known as Programme 1 . Leningrad's television service was also renamed Leningrad Television . It continued its national broadcasts. The following year, the Soviet government claimed that its television

5772-555: Was shown only in the major cities in the European USSR (e.g. Moscow and Leningrad ), and its programming was co-produced with the USSR Ministry of Education , oriented towards the nation's student population at all levels from pre-school till college. In 1965, CT USSR established a satellite network to expand the television service nationwide. In 1967, the all-new, youth, sport and entertainment network Programme 4

5850-606: Was the state television broadcaster of the Soviet Union . Like much of the Soviet media, CT USSR regularly promoted the agendas of the Communist Party . Initially, the service was operated, together with the national radio service, by the Ministry of Culture . Later it was operated by the Gosteleradio committee, under the Communications Ministry and the Information and Press Ministry, and later

5928-477: Was the best in the world; among them was the reach of the transmitter, 200 kilometres for the Moscow transmitter against 80 kilometres from an American transmitter. Broadcasts were received from a long distance in Sweden by a radio technician in the middle of the year, four years before Sweden had its own television service, with reception from Moscow of a two-and-a-half hour variety programme. On 26 August 1952,

6006-434: Was the first to have a drill routine by the massed bands take place. During the final parade in 1990, an assassination attempt was made on the life of President Mikhail Gorbachev by Alexander Shmonov, a locksmith from Leningrad . The two bullets he fired missed as he was tackled to the ground by crowds of demonstrators. The only time that a Soviet leader never attended a parade was in 1983 when Yuri Andropov did not attend

6084-500: Was the second daily sign on with various news and entertainment programs shown until late night. There was only 2 clocks broadcast. The UEIT test card was used. When colour television was introduced in 1967, the SÉCAM system was chosen. Following the collapse of the USSR, some of its former republics switched to the PAL colour system. Broadcasting in the USSR was heavily subsidized by

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