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45-1170: Olivares may refer to: Places [ edit ] Olivares, Spain , a municipality in Seville province, Spain Olivares de Júcar , a municipality in Cuenca province, Spain Olivares de Duero , a municipality in Valladolid, province, Spain Olivares River , in Chile People with the surname [ edit ] House of Olivares , a Spanish noble house Pedro Pérez de Guzmán, 1st Count of Olivares Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares (1540–1607) Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (1587–1645), Spanish statesman Enrique Felipe de Guzmán, 2nd Count-Duke of Olivares Amanda Olivares (born 1966), Mexican beauty pageant winner Antonio de Olivares , (1630–1722), Spanish Franciscan Daniel Olivares (cyclist) (born 1940),

90-621: A Tartessian language . In the historical records, Tartessos ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ταρτησσός ) appears as a semi-mythical or legendary harbor city and the surrounding culture on the south coast of the Iberian Peninsula (in modern Andalusia , Spain), at the mouth of the Guadalquivir . It appears in sources from Greece and the Near East starting during the first millennium BC. Herodotus , for example, describes it as beyond

135-632: A silver standard in Assyria increased its attractiveness (the tribute from Phoenician cities was assessed in silver). The invention of coinage in the seventh century BC spurred the search for bronze and silver as well. Henceforth trade connections, formerly largely in elite goods, assumed an increasingly broad economic role. By the Late Bronze Age, silver extraction in Huelva Province reached industrial proportions. Pre-Roman silver slag

180-1365: A Filipino cyclist Daniel Olivares (politician) (born 1981), a Peruvian politician Davide Olivares (born 1971), an Italian footballer Ed Olivares (1938–2022), Puerto Rican baseball player Edgar Olivares (born 1977), Bolivian footballer Edward Olivares (born 1996), Venezuelan baseball player Élodie Olivarès (born 1976), French athlete Gerardo Olivares (born 1964), Spanish filmmaker Iván Olivares (born 1961), Venezuelan basketball player José Olivares (born 1997), Dominican tennis player Juan Olivares (born 1941), Chilean footballer Juan Manuel Olivares (1760–1797), Venezuelan composer Julián de Olivares (1895–1977), Spanish fencer Laureano Olivares (born 1978), Venezuelan actor Manuel Olivares (1909–1976), Spanish football player and manager Maritza Olivares , Mexican actress Miguel de Olivares (1675–1768), Chilean Jesuit and historian Omar Olivares (born 1967), Puerto Rican baseball player Percy Olivares (born 1968), Peruvian footballer Raúl Olivares (born 1988), Chilean footballer René Olivares , (born 1946), Chilean painter Richard Olivares (born 1978), Chilean footballer Rodrigo Olivares (born 1976), Chilean swimmer Roger Olivares , Filipino author Rubén Olivares (born 1947), Mexican professional boxer Topics referred to by

225-679: A capital for what was conceived as a complicated culture in the nature of a centrally controlled kingdom ancestral to Spain were inconclusively debated. Subsequent discoveries were widely reported: in September 1923 archaeologists discovered a Phoenician necropolis in which human remains were unearthed and stones found with illegible characters. It may have been colonized by the Phoenicians for trade because of its richness in metals. A later generation turned instead to identifying and localizing "orientalizing" (eastern Mediterranean) features of

270-520: A large dehesa with encinas ( Quercus ilex ). These have been mostly transformed into lands of agricultural use, primarily olive fields, as well as wheat, cotton and corn fields. According to Pascual Madoz , "over 6,000 of the 7,000 aranzadas [ca. 3,000 ha] of Olivares were owned by the Dukedom , now joined to the House of Berwick & Alba . These lands were mostly sold in the 19th century due to

315-540: A late Bronze Age pattern of circular or oval huts scattered on a village site to rectangular houses with dry-stone foundations and plastered wattle and daub walls took place during the seventh and sixth centuries BC, in settlements with planned layouts that succeeded one another on the same site. At Cástulo ( Jaén ), a mosaic of river pebbles from the end of the sixth century BC is the earliest mosaic in Western Europe. Most sites were inexplicably abandoned in

360-488: A location in Andalusia, Spain, is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tartessos Tartessos ( Spanish : Tartesos ) is, as defined by archaeological discoveries, a historical civilization settled in the southern Iberian Peninsula characterized by its mixture of local Paleohispanic and Phoenician traits. It had a writing system , identified as Tartessian, that includes some 97 inscriptions in

405-599: A site in the Iberian Peninsula during that period. Calibrated carbon-14 dating carried out by University of Groningen on associated cattle bones as well as dating based on ceramic samples permit a chronology of several centuries through the state of the art of craft and industry since the tenth century BC, as follows: pottery (bowls, plates, craters, vases, amphorae, etc.), melting pots, casting nozzles, weights, finely worked pieces of wood, ship parts, bovid skulls, pendants, fibulae, anklebones, agate, ivory –with

450-632: A small number compared to the 150 streets it had in the 21st century. In 1998, a chemical spill from the nearby Mina de los Frailes, in Aznalcóllar , caused an environmental disaster in the Guadiamar river. This led to the creation of a wildlife corridor that runs from Gerena to Aznalcázar , the Corredor Verde del Guadiamar . The lands around Olivares are divided into a series of fincas and cortijos which originally constituted

495-573: A treasury, which was called the treasury of the Sicyonians, to commemorate a victory in the chariot race at the Olympic games . In the treasury, he made two chambers with two different styles, one Doric and one Ionic , with bronze. The Eleans said that the bronze was Tartessian. The people from Tartessos became important trading partners of the Phoenicians, whose presence in Iberia dates from

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540-497: A type identification. This pottery, dated from the tenth to the early eighth centuries BC predates finds from other Phoenician colonies; together with remnants of numerous activities, the Huelva discoveries reveal a substantial industrial and commercial emporion on this site lasting several centuries. Similar finds in other parts of the city make it possible to estimate the protohistoric habitat of Huelva at some 20 hectares, large for

585-568: A view of Tartessos that made it the Western, and wholly European source of the legend of Atlantis . A more serious review, by W. A. Oldfather , appeared in American Journal of Philology . Both Atlantis and Tartessos were believed to have been advanced societies that collapsed when their cities were lost beneath the waves; supposed further similarities with the legendary society make a connection seem feasible, although virtually nothing

630-669: Is an extinct pre- Roman language once spoken in southern Iberia . The oldest known indigenous texts of Iberia, dated from the seventh to sixth centuries BC, are written in Tartessian. The inscriptions are written in a semi- syllabic writing system called the Southwest script ; they were found in the general area in which Tartessos was located and in surrounding areas of influence. Tartessian language texts were found in Southwestern Spain and Southern Portugal (namely in

675-620: Is assumed that as with other Mediterranean peoples, the religion was polytheistic. It is believed that Tartessians worshiped the goddess Astarte or Potnia and the masculine divinity Baal or Melkart , as a result of the Phoenician acculturation. Sanctuaries inspired by Phoenician architecture have been found in the deposit of Castulo ( Linares, Jaén ) and in the vicinity of Carmona . Several images of Phoenician deities have been found in Cádiz , Huelva , and Sevilla . The Tartessian language

720-413: Is attributed to a warrior because part of his helmet is preserved. In this region of southern Spain, the Tartessian culture was born around the 9th century B.C. as a result of hybridization between the Phoenician settlers and the local inhabitants. Scholars refer to the Tartessian culture as "a hybrid archaeological culture". Alluvial tin was panned in Tartessian streams from an early date. The spread of

765-603: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Olivares, Spain Olivares is located in the region of Tartessos , one of the oldest documented cultures in Europe. Several Bronze and Iron Age tells are found in the area, such as the Cerro de las Cabezas , which is thought to correspond to the ancient city of Laelia mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy . These settlements lay on

810-464: Is found in the Tartessian cities of Huelva Province. Cypriot and Phoenician metalworkers produced 15 million tons of pyrometallurgical residues at the vast dumps of Riotinto. Mining and smelting preceded the arrival, from the eighth century BC onward, of Phoenicians and then Greeks, who provided a stimulating wider market and whose influence sparked an "orientalizing" phase in Tartessian material culture ( c.  750–550 BC) before Tartessian culture

855-490: Is known of Tartessos, not even its precise site. Other Tartessian enthusiasts imagine it as a contemporary of Atlantis, with which it might have traded. In 2011, a team led by Richard Freund claimed to have found strong evidence for the location in Doñana National Park based on underground and underwater surveys and the interpretation of the archaeological site Cancho Roano as "memorial cities" rebuilt in

900-704: The Conii , Cempsi , Sefes , and Celtici areas of the Algarve and southern Alentejo ). Since the classicists of the early twentieth century, biblical archaeologists often identify the place-name Tarshish in the Hebrew Bible with Tartessos, although others connect Tarshish to Tarsus in Anatolia or other places as far as India. Tarshish, like Tartessos, is associated with extensive mineral wealth ( Iberian Pyrite Belt ). In 1922, Adolf Schulten gave currency to

945-420: The Guadalquivir . This village was known as Estercolinas or Estercolines, perhaps from an older Latin name, Turculina. This was later known as villa de olivares (town of olive fields), whence its name. Olive trees have been grown in this area for centuries and represent one of the main sources of income in the area, apart from other crops, mainly cereals. Over time, Olivares grew in size, becoming bigger than

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990-539: The Guadiamar (the Roman Menoba ), which may have been navigable during ancient times according to Pliny. Thus, cities such as Laelia and Lastigi probably acted as port cities or trade posts. During Roman times, the region was connected to the main aqueduct that brought water from Tejada to Itálica . The village of Olivares was founded as a small alquería on the Repudio, a brook that carries rainwater to

1035-542: The Iberian Peninsula . According to the fourth century BC Greek geographer and explorer Pytheas , quoted by Strabo in the first century AD, the ancestral homeland of the Turduli was located north of Turdetania , the region where the kingdom of Tartessos was located in the Baetis River valley (the present-day Guadalquivir valley) in southern Spain. Pausanias , writing in the second century AD, identified

1080-665: The Iberians . The river known in his day as the Baetis is now the Guadalquivir . Thus, Tartessos may be buried, Schulten thought, under the shifting wetlands. The river delta has gradually been blocked by a sandbar that stretches from the mouth of the Rio Tinto , near Palos de la Frontera to Almonte , the riverbank that is opposite Sanlúcar de Barrameda . The area is now protected as the Parque Nacional de Doñana . In

1125-617: The Pillars of Hercules . Roman authors tend to echo the earlier Greek sources, but from around the end of the millennium there are indications that the name Tartessos had fallen out of use and the city may have been lost to flooding, although several authors attempt to identify it with cities of other names in the area. The Tartessians were rich in metals. In the fourth century BC the historian Ephorus describes "a very prosperous market called Tartessos, with much tin carried by river, as well as gold and copper from Celtic lands". Trade in tin

1170-825: The necropolis at La Joya, Huelva , archaeological surveys have been integrated with philological and literary surveys and the broader picture of the Iron Age in the Mediterranean basin to provide a more informed view of the supposed Tartessian culture on the ground, concentrated in western Andalusia , Extremadura , and in southern Portugal from the Algarve to the Vinalopó River in Alicante . Significant discoveries were made at Turuñuelo archeological site in Guareña , where excavation began in 2015. The site

1215-864: The Bible, in the Assyrian stele of Esarhaddon , and perhaps in the Phoenician inscription of the Nora Stone , but also with the Tartessos of Greek sources –interpreting the Tartessus river as equivalent to the present-day Tinto River and the Ligustine Lake to the joint estuary of the Odiel and Tinto rivers flowing west and east of the Huelva Peninsula. There is very little data but it

1260-521: The Guadiana River, revealed an important necropolis. Elements specific to Tartessian culture are the Late Bronze Age fully evolved pattern-burnished wares and geometrically banded and patterns "Carambolo" wares, from the ninth to the sixth centuries BC; an "Early Orientalizing" phase with the first eastern Mediterranean imports, beginning circa 750 BC; a "Late Orientalizing" phase with the finest bronze casting and goldsmith work; gray ware turned on

1305-537: The Tartessian material culture within the broader Mediterranean horizon of an " Orientalizing period " recognizable in the Aegean and Etruria . J. M. Luzón was the first to identify Tartessos with modern Huelva , based on discoveries made in the preceding decades. Since the discovery in September 1958 of the rich gold treasure of El Carambolo in Camas, three kilometres west of Seville , and of hundreds of artefacts in

1350-496: The Tartessian sites. A later generation has been more concerned with the process through which local institutions evolved. The emergence of new archaeological finds in the city of Huelva is prompting the revision of these traditional views. Just in two adjacent lots adding up to 2,150 sq. m. between Las Monjas Square and Mendez Nuñez Street , some 90,000 ceramic fragments of indigenous, Phoenician, and Greek imported wares were exhumed, out of which 8,009 allowed scope for

1395-473: The delicate financial situation of the House of Alba and the high tax burden. The following cortijos , documented in the 19th century, but many much older, exist today: The following cortijos , while not within the término municipal of Olivares, are historically connected to the others: 37°25′N 6°09′W  /  37.417°N 6.150°W  / 37.417; -6.150 This article about

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1440-629: The eighth century BC and who nearby built a harbor of their own, Gadir ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Γάδειρα , Latin : Gades , present-day Cádiz ). Several early sources, such as Aristotle , refer to Tartessos as a river. Aristotle claims that it rises from the Pyrene Mountain (generally accepted by modern scholars as the Pyrenees ) and flows out to sea outside the Pillars of Hercules, the modern Strait of Gibraltar . No such river traverses

1485-404: The fast potter's wheel , local imitations of imported Phoenician red-slip wares. Characteristic Tartessian bronzes include pear-shaped jugs, often associated in burials, with shallow dish-shaped braziers having loop handles, incense-burners with floral motifs, fibulas , both elbowed and double-spring types, and belt buckles. No pre-colonial necropolis sites have been identified. The change from

1530-574: The fifth century BC. Tartessic occupation sites of the Late Bronze Age that were not particularly complex: "a domestic mode of production seems to have predominated" is one mainstream assessment. An earlier generation of archaeologists and historians took a normative approach to the primitive Tartessian adoption of Punic styles and techniques, as of a less-developed culture adopting better, more highly evolved cultural traits, and finding Eastern parallels for Early Iron Age material culture in

1575-840: The first century AD, Pliny the Elder incorrectly identified the city of Carteia as the Tartessos mentioned in Greek sources while Strabo just commented. Carteia is identified as El Rocadillo, near S. Roque, Province of Cádiz, some distance away from the Guadalquivir. In the second century AD, Appian thought that Karpessos ( Carpia ) was previously known as Tartessos. The discoveries published by Adolf Schulten in 1922 first drew attention to Tartessos and shifted its study from classical philologists and antiquarians to investigations based on archaeology, although attempts at localizing

1620-489: The image of Atlantis. Spanish scientists have dismissed Freund's claims claiming that he was sensationalising their work. The anthropologist Juan Villarías-Robles, who works with the Spanish National Research Council , said "Richard Freund was a newcomer to our project and appeared to be involved in his own very controversial issue concerning King Solomon's search for ivory and gold in Tartessos,

1665-460: The nearby town of Albaida . The nearby town of Heliche became depopulated in the early 19th century and was dismantled in 1843. Its inhabitants moved to Olivares, while the building materials of its church ( Iglesia de San Benito ) were used to build the cemetery in Olivares ( Cementerio de San Benito ). The city is known for the House of Olivares , founded by Pedro Pérez de Guzmán in 1535. At

1710-603: The only workshop of the period so far proven in the west-, gold, silver, etc. The existence of foreign produce and materials together with local ones suggests that the old Huelva harbor was a major hub for the reception, manufacturing, and shipping of diverse products of different and distant origin. The analysis of written sources and the products exhumed, including inscriptions and thousands of Greek ceramics , some of which are works of excellent quality by known potters and painters, has led some scholars to suggest that this habitat can be identified not only with Tarshish mentioned in

1755-459: The river and gave details of the location of the city: They say that Tartessus is a river in the land of the Iberians, running down into the sea by two mouths and that between these two mouths lies a city of the same name. The river, which is the largest in Iberia and tidal, those of a later day called Baetis and there are some who think that Tartessus was the ancient name of Carpia , a city of

1800-535: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Olivares . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivares&oldid=1259213939 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Spanish-language surnames Hidden categories: Short description

1845-592: The time, its population was approximately 240, of which 67 paid taxes. In 1625, Gaspar de Guzmán became the first Count-Duke of Olivares, i.e. Count of Olivares and Duke of Sanlúcar . The noble family later merged with the House of Alba , which inherited all of its lands, before selling part of these in the first half of the 19th century. The Duchess of Alba still owns La Pizana, a cortijo between Olivares and Gerena . By 1751, Olivares had over 1,600 inhabitants, which grew to 1,950 by 1801 and reached 2,943 by 1888. The city had only 12 streets and one square in 1781,

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1890-596: The well-documented settlement in the Doñana area established in the first millennium BC" and described his claims as 'fanciful'. Simcha Jacobovici , involved in the production of a documentary on Freund's work for the National Geographic Channel , stated that the biblical Tarshish (which he believes is the same as Tartessos) was Atlantis, and that "Atlantis was hiding in the Tanach ", although this

1935-600: Was declared bien de interés cultural (National heritage site) in May 2022. Two ornate stone busts, featuring details of jewelry and hairstyles which are thought to be the first facial representations of the Tartessian goddesses were discovered in 2023. These sculptures are somewhat similar to the Lady of Elche sculpture, which was dated between the 5th and 4th centuries BC, but are considerably earlier. Fragments of at least three other busts have also been recovered. One of them

1980-566: Was superseded by the Classic Iberian culture . "Tartessic" artefacts linked with the Tartessos culture have been found, and many archaeologists now associate the "lost" city with Huelva . In excavations on spatially restricted sites in the center of modern Huelva, sherds of elite painted Greek ceramics of the first half of the sixth century BC have been recovered. Huelva contains the largest accumulation of imported elite goods and must have been an important Tartessian center. Medellín , on

2025-529: Was very lucrative in the Bronze Age , since it is an essential component of bronze and is comparatively rare. Herodotus refers to a king of Tartessos, Arganthonios , presumably named for his wealth in silver. Herodotus also says that Arganthonios welcomed the first Greeks to reach Iberia, which was a ship carrying the Phocaeans from Asia Minor. Pausanias wrote that Myron, the tyrant of Sicyon , built

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